scholarly journals Screening for Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Fir (Abies alba) Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina M. TODEA (MORAR) ◽  
Sara GONZÁLEZ-ORENGA ◽  
Mariola PLAZAS ◽  
Adriana F. SESTRAS ◽  
Jaime PROHENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

Drought periods are becoming more frequent and intense, due to the effects of climate change, threatening natural habitats worldwide, including European forests. Forest trees can also be affected by high soil salinity, because of the common practice of de-icing of mountain roads with NaCl in winter. We have evaluated the responses to salt and water stress of silver fir (Abies alba), an important forest species for which very limited information is available. One-year-old fir seedlings, with origin in seven different locations in Romania, were subjected to salt (watering with NaCl solutions of increasing concentrations) and water deficit (complete withholding of irrigation) treatments in the greenhouse. After one month, plant material was harvested and different morphological parameters were determined in the stressed and control plants. Both stress treatments inhibited growth of fir seedlings from all seven provenances, although quantitative differences in the responses to stress were observed between populations. Growth inhibition was established by the relative reduction – as compared to the non-stressed controls - in several parameters, such as stem elongation, root length, number of needles, or fresh weight and water content of roots and needles. Statistical multivariate analysis of the results suggested that seedlings from Valea Morii (population 6) were the most tolerant to both, water deficit and high (300 mM NaCl) salt concentrations. These results support the possibility to screen a large number of individuals from different populations, at the seedling stage, to select Abies alba genotypes with enhanced drought and/or salinity tolerance.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Assessment of Salicylic Acid Impacts on Seedling Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Water Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MARDANI ◽  
Hassan BAYAT ◽  
Amir Hossein SAEIDNEJAD ◽  
Ehsan Eyshi REZAIE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design

Impacts of various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling characteristic were evaluated under different water stress levels by using a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The studied factors included three water deficit levels (100% FC, 80% FC, and 60% FC) considered as first factor and five levels of SA concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) as second factor. Results showed that foliar application of SA at the highest concentration enhanced leaf area, leaf and dry weight while decreased stomatal conductance under high level of water deficit stress. Though, severe water deficit stress sharply raised the SPAD reading values. In general, exogenous SA application could develop cucumber seedling characteristic and improve water stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Improvement of drought tolerance in rice using line X tester mating design and biochemical molecular markers

2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almoataz Bellah Ali El-Mouhamady ◽  
Abdul Aziz M. Gad ◽  
Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Background Water stress, specifically the limited water resources needed to grow strategic crops, especially rice, poses a great threat to crop productivity. So, it was imperative that scientists all work together to try genetically improving the rice for drought tolerance in light of these environmental challenges. The aim of this study is trying to know the genetic behavior responsible for water-deficit tolerance in rice genotypes but at the molecular level. Moreover, this attempt will be an important leap in the process of genetic improvement in rice for water stress tolerance in Egypt. Results Twenty-three rice genotypes including eight parents and their fifteen F1 crosses or (the first hybrid generation) by line X tester analysis were evaluated for water stress tolerance during two experiments (the control and drought experiment) besides some molecular–biochemical studies for eight parents and the highest selected five crosses for water stress tolerance. The research revealed that five rice crosses out of fifteen hybrids were highly tolerant to water stress compared to the normal conditions. Data of biochemical markers indicated the presence of bands that are considered as molecular genetic markers for water-deficit tolerance in some rice genotypes, and this is the scientific progress achieved in this research. This was evident by increasing the density and concentration of SDS-protein electrophoresis besides enhancing the activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) under water-deficit conditions, which confirmed the tolerance of drought stress in the eight rice genotypes and the best five crosses from the first hybrid generation. Conclusion The five promising and superior rice hybrids showed an unparalleled tolerance to water stress in all evaluated traits under water stress treatment compared to the standard experiment. Also, biochemical and molecular parameters evidence confirmed the existence of unquestionable evidence that it represents the main nucleus for producing rice lines tolerated for drought stress under Egyptian conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Warmer and Drier Environmental Conditions on Species-Specific Stem Circumference Dynamics and Water Status of Conifers in Submontane Zone of Central Slovakia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945
Author(s):  
Adriana Leštianska ◽  
Peter Fleischer ◽  
Katarína Merganičová ◽  
Peter Fleischer ◽  
Katarína Střelcová
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Band Dendrometers ◽  
Species Specific

The frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves in Europe with notable impact on forest growth are expected to increase due to climate change. Coniferous stands planted outside the natural habitats of species belong to the most threatened forests. In this study, we assess stem circumference response of coniferous species (Larix decidua and Abies alba) to environmental conditions during the years 2015–2019. The study was performed in Arboretum in Zvolen (ca. 300 m a.s.l., Central Slovakia) characterised by a warmer and drier climate when compared to their natural habitats (located above 900 m a.s.l.), where they originated from. Seasonal radial variation, tree water deficit (ΔW), and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) were derived from the records obtained from band dendrometers installed on five mature trees per species. Monitored species exhibited remarkably different growth patterns under highly above normal temperatures and uneven precipitation distribution. The magnitudes of reversible circumference changes (ΔW, MDS) were species-specific and strongly correlated with environmental factors. The wavelet analysis identified species-specific vulnerability to drought indicated by pronounced diurnal stem variation periodicity in rainless periods. L. decidua exhibited more strained stem water status and higher sensitivity to environmental conditions than A. alba. Tree water deficit and maximum daily shrinkage were found appropriate characteristics to compare water status of different tree species.

scholarly journals Water: the most important ‘molecular’ component of water stress tolerance research

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Jana Kholova ◽  
Mainassara Zaman-Allah ◽  
Nouhoun Belko
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply And Demand

Water deficit is the main yield-limiting factor across the Asian and African semiarid tropics and a basic consideration when developing crop cultivars for water-limited conditions is to ensure that crop water demand matches season water supply. Conventional breeding has contributed to the development of varieties that are better adapted to water stress, such as early maturing cultivars that match water supply and demand and then escape terminal water stress. However, an optimisation of this match is possible. Also, further progress in breeding varieties that cope with water stress is hampered by the typically large genotype × environment interactions in most field studies. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is required to revitalise the development of materials that are adapted to water stress. In the past two decades, transgenic and candidate gene approaches have been proposed for improving crop productivity under water stress, but have had limited real success. The major drawback of these approaches has been their failure to consider realistic water limitations and their link to yield when designing biotechnological experiments. Although the genes are many, the plant traits contributing to crop adaptation to water limitation are few and revolve around the critical need to match water supply and demand. We focus here on the genetic aspects of this, although we acknowledge that crop management options also have a role to play. These traits are related in part to increased, better or more conservative uses of soil water. However, the traits themselves are highly dynamic during crop development: they interact with each other and with the environment. Hence, success in breeding cultivars that are more resilient under water stress requires an understanding of plant traits affecting yield under water deficit as well as an understanding of their mutual and environmental interactions. Given that the phenotypic evaluation of germplasm/breeding material is limited by the number of locations and years of testing, crop simulation modelling then becomes a powerful tool for navigating the complexity of biological systems, for predicting the effects on yield and for determining the probability of success of specific traits or trait combinations across water stress scenarios.

scholarly journals Interspecific Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Traits Drive the Water Stress Tolerance in Young Morus alba L. and Conocarpus erectus L. Saplings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Faridah Hanum Ibrahim ◽  
Shazia Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Mitigating climate change requires the identification of tree species that can tolerate water stress with fewer negative impacts on plant productivity. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the water stress tolerance of young saplings of C. erectus and M. alba under three soil water deficit treatments (control, CK, 90% field capacity, FC, medium stress MS, 60% FC and high stress, HS, 30% FC) under controlled conditions. Results showed that leaf and stem dry weight decreased significantly in both species under MS and HS. However, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio increased, and total dry weight remained similar to CK under MS in C. erectus saplings. Stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate decreased, and intrinsic water use efficiency increased significantly in both species under MS and HS treatments. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage increased in both the species under soil water deficit but was highest in M. alba. The concentration of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased in both species under MS and HS but was highest in C. erectus. Therefore, results suggest that C. erectus saplings depicted a better tolerance to MS due to an effective antioxidative enzyme system.

scholarly journals Root morphology and root characters of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
ARUNKUMAR K
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Aim of this study to screened the root morphology and root characters of different cocoa types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition at seedling stage. A survey was conducted at Idukki region of Kerala and twenty seven plus trees were identified. These twenty seven plus trees were screened for water stress tolerance under glasshouse condition by gravimetric method. With respect to the performance of plus trees, root length under 50% field capacity got increased to 21.15 cm as against 20.51 cm in 100 per cent field capacity. Fresh root weight and dry root weight substantially got increased under water stress. The average root girth of 27 plus trees got increased in stressed condition from 3.70 cm to 3.88 cm. The root volume also followed the same trend (47.28 as against 45.96). The percent of nitrogen is 1.37 in 50 per cent field capacity as against 1.63 in 100 per cent field capacity. The percentage of phosphorous decreased to 0.16 under 50 per cent field capacity as against 0.37 in 100 per cent field capacity. Similarly the percentage of potassium also showed a decreasing trend (1.27 % under 100 % field capacity to 1.06 % under 50 % field capacity). In the present investigation, under water stress condition the root length, number of roots, fresh weight of root and dry weight of root tends to increase compared to the 100 per cent field capacity, indicating the morphological adaptations of roots to survive under water stress condition. Furthermore, under water stress condition, root nutrients tend to get depleted.

scholarly journals Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq ◽  
Bukhari ◽  
Akram ◽  
Ashraf ◽  
Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system in four cultivars (16171, 16183, 16207 and 16246) of safflower under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Water stress (60% field capacity) significantly decreased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths and chlorophyll contents in all four safflower cultivars, while it increased the leaf free proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, hydrogen peroxide content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Foliar-applied (100 mg L−1 and 150 mg L−1) ascorbic acid caused a marked improvement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, chlorophyll and AsA contents as well as the activity of peroxidase (POD) enzyme particularly under water deficit conditions. It also increased the accumulation of leaf proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins and glycine betaine (GB) content in all four cultivars. Exogenously applied AsA lowered the contents of MDA and H2O2, and the activities of CAT and SOD enzymes. Overall, exogenously applied AsA had a positive effect on the growth of safflower plants under water deficit conditions which could be related to AsA-induced enhanced osmoprotection and regulation of antioxidant defense system.

Increasing Aridity is Enhancing Silver Fir Abies Alba Mill.) Water Stress in its South-Western Distribution Limit

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Macias ◽  
Laia Andreu ◽  
Oriol Bosch ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Emilia Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Distribution Limit

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on the formation of yield elements in spring barley and the potential of stress expression reduction by foliar application of fertilizers and growth stimulator

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Svobodová ◽  
P. Míša
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Spring barley plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages – from the period after emergence to the beginning of stem elongation, from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis in pot experiments. In variants exposed to water deficit from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis, effects of foliar fertilizers and Atonik preparation (applied before the growth stage DC 30 or at DC 33) to lower the stress impacts were tested. During the growing season, formation and reduction of tillers, florets per spike and the yield structure at full ripeness were investigated. The water deficit at stem elongation caused a withering out of the established tillers, drought during the formation of the florets reduced their number as well as their development into grains. In the variant where water stress was present to the beginning of stem elongation, the plants were able to compensate for stress implications by productive tillers that developed later (at stem elongation). The previous water deficit did not decrease 1000-grain weight, however protein content in grain increased due to low grain yield per pot. If foliar fertilizers and Atonik were applied before DC 30, a reduction of fertile florets decreased, which led to slight increase in a grain number per spike.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Conocarpus erectus L. and Populus deltoides L. Saplings: Evidence from Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Changes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Muhammad Asif Javed ◽  
Muhammad Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus

Reforestation efforts are being challenged as water stress is hampering the sapling growth and survival in arid to semiarid regions. A controlled experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on water stress tolerance of Conocarpus erectus and Populus deltoides. Saplings were watered at 90%, 60%, and 30% of field capacity (FC), and half of the saplings under 60% and 30% FC were sprayed with 1.0 mM SA. Results indicated that dry weight production decreased significantly in Populus deltoides under both water deficit conditions, and leaf gas exchange parameters decreased significantly in both the species under both soil water deficit conditions. Foliar application of SA resulted in a significant increase in leaf gas exchange parameters, and compatible solutes, thereby increasing the dry weight production in both of the species under soil water deficit. Oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions) increased under soil water deficit and decreased after the foliar application of SA and was parallel to the increased antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Therefore, it can be concluded that foliar application of 1.0 mM SA can significantly improve the water stress tolerance in both species, however, positive impacts of SA application were higher in Conocarpus erectus due to improved photosynthetic capacity and increased antioxidant enzyme activity.

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