scholarly journals Land Readjustment of Seoul and Tokyo Metropolitan Area in the 1960s and 1970s from the Perspective of the New Institutionalism: Its Implications on the International Transfer of Urban Planning System

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (null) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
Park Minkyu ◽  
Jung Sanghoon ◽  
Kang Myounggu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Readjustment ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Metropolitan-Scale Urban Planning Scenarios on the Moist Thermal Environment under Global Warming: A Study of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Using Regional Climate Modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Suzuki-Parker ◽  
Hiroyuki Kusaka ◽  
Yoshiki Yamagata
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Using a high-resolution regional climate model coupled with urban canopy model, the present study provides the first attempt in quantifying the impact of metropolitan-scale urban planning scenarios on moist thermal environment under global warming. Tokyo metropolitan area is selected as a test case. Three urban planning scenarios are considered: status quo, dispersed city, and compact city. Their impact on the moist thermal environment is assessed using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Future projections for the 2070s show a 2–4°C increase in daytime mean WBGT relative to the current climate. The urban scenario impacts are shown to be small, with a −0.4 to +0.4°C range. Relative changes in temperature and humidity as the result of a given urban scenario are shown to be critical in determining the sign of the WBGT changes; however, such changes are not necessarily determined by local changes in urban land surface parameters. These findings indicate that urban land surface changes may improve or worsen the local moist thermal environment and that metropolitan-scale urban planning is inefficient in mitigating heat-related health risks for mature cities like Tokyo.

scholarly journals Trends in Disaster Management Measures in Post World War II in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Suminao Murakami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Post War

This review presents historical transformation on urban planning approaches in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Urban areas in Japan have always been threated by urban conflagrations due to the high number of wooden structures. The Tokyo metropolitan area which was previously known as Edo until the Meiji Revolution in 1864. Dramatic changes in power was successful but few urban structure reformation occurred, and Tokyo was damaged by urban conflagrations in the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa Eras. The fervent wishes of Japanese urban planners centered on construction of fireproof urban areas. Such wishes accounted for little in actual policy, however, as witnessed to by the failure of Tokyo officials to construct fireproof urban architectures following the massive destruction left by World War II. In September 1959, the Ise-Wan (Ise Bay) Typhoon caused tremendous damage and left over 5,000 dead. As measures against such disasters, the Japanese government enacted the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act in 1961. Howevers, measure against Earthquake-induced disasters were yet far from sufficient although Japan experienced hit by the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. In 1964, the Niigata Earthquake clearly demonstrated modern Niigata City's vulnerability to earthquakes despite its facilities for the National Sports Festival were equipped with modern technology, all of these facilities were destroyed. Reflecting such disasters, reexamination of measure against earthquake disaster began at coastal cities of Japan, which were constructed in post war time. This paper tracks developments in Japanese urban planning movement that the author took part in for about 20 years from 1964.

scholarly journals The changing position of housing estate neighbourhoods in the Helsinki metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Lilius ◽  
Jukka Hirvonen
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Housing Investment ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Helsinki Metropolitan Area ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Rental Markets ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThis paper addresses the under-researched phenomena of investments in the private rental markets in disadvantaged suburbs in Finland. Despite the application of a social-mixing policy in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and the Nordic welfare model, suburban housing estate neighbourhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s have experienced a socioeconomic decline since the 1990s. According to several recent large surveys, housing estate neighbourhoods represent the least popular housing environments among Finns. Nevertheless, as the Helsinki Metropolitan Area is currently facing rapid population growth, these neighbourhoods have now become the target for heavy infill development, and ambitious city-led regeneration plans. Simultaneously, housing investment has become an opportunity in Finland for both national and, increasingly, also international real-estate investment companies, as well as for private households. We explore the resurge to invest in housing estate neighbourhoods through two case studies in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Using statistics and interviews with policymakers and institutional real-estate investors, as well as a review of policy documents as our data, we show the variegated ways in which the marketization and financialization of housing and urban renewal policies change the social geography of housing estates in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.

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