scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Metropolitan-Scale Urban Planning Scenarios on the Moist Thermal Environment under Global Warming: A Study of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Using Regional Climate Modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Suzuki-Parker ◽  
Hiroyuki Kusaka ◽  
Yoshiki Yamagata
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Using a high-resolution regional climate model coupled with urban canopy model, the present study provides the first attempt in quantifying the impact of metropolitan-scale urban planning scenarios on moist thermal environment under global warming. Tokyo metropolitan area is selected as a test case. Three urban planning scenarios are considered: status quo, dispersed city, and compact city. Their impact on the moist thermal environment is assessed using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Future projections for the 2070s show a 2–4°C increase in daytime mean WBGT relative to the current climate. The urban scenario impacts are shown to be small, with a −0.4 to +0.4°C range. Relative changes in temperature and humidity as the result of a given urban scenario are shown to be critical in determining the sign of the WBGT changes; however, such changes are not necessarily determined by local changes in urban land surface parameters. These findings indicate that urban land surface changes may improve or worsen the local moist thermal environment and that metropolitan-scale urban planning is inefficient in mitigating heat-related health risks for mature cities like Tokyo.

scholarly journals Special Issue on the Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-675
Author(s):  
Naoshi Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
The Impact

Natural hazards continue to be an increasing challenge to societies around the world, with many societies being impacted by multiple types of hazard events. To reduce the impact of these hazards, we must not only quantify the hazard and risk associated with multi-hazard events but also understand the uncertainty associated with these events. Resilience can only be improved by considering all these factors. Multi-hazard and risk-modeling approaches are receiving increasing attention globally; however, the challenges of assessing uncertainty in both single- and multi-hazard risks are considerable. Without a clear understanding of the risks and their uncertainties, measures to mitigate these risks and to increase resilience face difficult decisions. In the present Special Issue, we have five papers and one report on the Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project: Interdisciplinary and Industry-Academia Collaboration Research for Enhancing Social Resilience to Natural Disasters in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area –DEKATSU Activity–, Multi-Data Integration System to Capture Detailed Strong Ground Motion in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Development of the Training Tool “KUG” for Temporary Lodging Facilities and Companies for Stranded Commuters, Development of Matching Modeling for Human Resource Allocation of Shelter Management by the Set Theory, Time-Cost Estimation for Early Disaster Damage Assessment Methods, Depending on Affected Area, and A Report of the Questionnaire Survey on Awareness of COVID-19 and Shelters.

The impact of volcanic gases from Miyake island on the chemical constituents in precipitation in the Tokyo metropolitan area

2005 ◽  
Vol 341 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Okuda ◽  
Tamami Iwase ◽  
Hideko Ueda ◽  
Yusuke Suda ◽  
Shigeru Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volcanic Gases ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Trends in Disaster Management Measures in Post World War II in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Suminao Murakami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Post War

This review presents historical transformation on urban planning approaches in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Urban areas in Japan have always been threated by urban conflagrations due to the high number of wooden structures. The Tokyo metropolitan area which was previously known as Edo until the Meiji Revolution in 1864. Dramatic changes in power was successful but few urban structure reformation occurred, and Tokyo was damaged by urban conflagrations in the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa Eras. The fervent wishes of Japanese urban planners centered on construction of fireproof urban areas. Such wishes accounted for little in actual policy, however, as witnessed to by the failure of Tokyo officials to construct fireproof urban architectures following the massive destruction left by World War II. In September 1959, the Ise-Wan (Ise Bay) Typhoon caused tremendous damage and left over 5,000 dead. As measures against such disasters, the Japanese government enacted the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act in 1961. Howevers, measure against Earthquake-induced disasters were yet far from sufficient although Japan experienced hit by the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. In 1964, the Niigata Earthquake clearly demonstrated modern Niigata City's vulnerability to earthquakes despite its facilities for the National Sports Festival were equipped with modern technology, all of these facilities were destroyed. Reflecting such disasters, reexamination of measure against earthquake disaster began at coastal cities of Japan, which were constructed in post war time. This paper tracks developments in Japanese urban planning movement that the author took part in for about 20 years from 1964.

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