Across-Species Comparisons of Spatial Scales of Environmental Effects on Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Salmon

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Pyper ◽  
Franz J. Mueter ◽  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Species Comparisons

Opposite effects of ocean temperature on survival rates of 120 stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in northern and southern areas

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz J Mueter ◽  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
Brian J Pyper
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
The Pacific

To improve the understanding of linkages between ocean conditions and salmon productivity, we estimated effects of ocean temperature on survival rates of three species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) across 120 stocks. This multistock approach permitted more precise estimates of effects than standard single-stock analyses. The estimated effects were opposite in sign between northern and southern stocks and were quite consistent across stocks within species and areas. Warm anomalies in coastal temperatures were associated with increased survival rates for stocks in Alaska and decreased survival rates in Washington and British Columbia, suggesting that different mechanisms determine survival rates in the two areas. Regional-scale sea surface temperatures (SST, within several hundred kilometres of a stock's ocean entry point) were a much better predictor of survival rates than large-scale climate anomalies associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), suggesting that survival rates are primarily linked to environmental conditions at regional spatial scales. With appropriate cautions, these results may be used to predict the potential effects of climatic changes on salmon productivity in different areas of the Northeast Pacific.

Biogeographical variation in the distribution, abundance, and interactions among key species on rocky reefs of the northeast Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Jenkinson ◽  
KA Hovel ◽  
RP Dunn ◽  
MS Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Key Species

Macroecological research over large latitudinal gradients can reveal broad-scale patterns that provide context for local-scale studies and insight into relevant scales of variation in community structure. Grazing by sea urchins is one of numerous physical and biotic factors that leads to geographic variation in community structure on rocky reefs worldwide. We describe patterns of abundance, distribution, and trophic interactions of urchins and their predators on subtidal rocky reefs across much of their range in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Surveys and tethering experiments were conducted between Point Conception, California, USA, and Bahía Asunción, Baja California Sur, México, including both fished areas and marine protected areas (MPAs). Variability in abundance was greatest at the smallest spatial scales (transects and sites) rather than the largest spatial scale (regions); however, we found correlative evidence of region-wide top-down control in which higher densities of predators (primarily spiny lobsters) led to increased abundances of kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Similarly, urchin survival varied regionally, with survival rates increasing from south to north. The effect of MPAs was less clear: species abundances varied between individual MPAs, but there were no clear differences in urchin survival between MPAs and fished areas. Community structure of rocky reefs in this region varies substantially among sites and appears to be driven in some locations by predators and in others by factors that obscure the importance of trophic interactions. Our study provides empirical evidence of the variability in top-down forcing in these communities and cautions against making broad generalizations based on inferences from local-scale studies.

Spatial covariation in survival rates of Northeast Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1501-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Pyper ◽  
Franz J Mueter ◽  
Randall M Peterman ◽  
David J Blackbourn ◽  
Chris C Wood
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Best Fit

We examined spatial patterns of covariation in indices of survival rate (residuals from the best-fit stock- recruitment curve) across four decades among 43 wild pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) stocks from 14 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. We found strong evidence of positive covariation among stocks within each region and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations from 0.3 to 0.7) but no evidence of covariation between stocks of distant regions (e.g., separated by 1000 km or more). This suggests that important environmental processes affecting temporal variation in survival rates of pink salmon from spawners to recruits operate at regional spatial scales rather than at the larger ocean basin scale. Based on limited fry abundance data, we found that this covariation in spawner-to-recruit survival rates may be strongly influenced by marine processes.

The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Salmon Lice ◽  
Regional Comparisons ◽  
Northeast Pacific Ocean ◽  
Over Time

Abstract.—We report patterns of infestation with motile salmon lice, <em>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</em>, on Pacific salmon collected with a surface trawl in coastal waters of Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska during 2002 and 2003. Salmon lice were observed on all salmon species examined and in all areas surveyed. The prevalence and abundance of lice infestation varied significantly among species, size-classes, seasons, regions, and years, with larger salmon being consistently more heavily infested than small salmon. The number of lice infesting the small size-class (100–400 mm) of salmon rarely exceeded 5 lice per fish with a mean abundance generally below 0.2 lice per fish. Lice prevalence and, to a lesser extent, lice abundance increased over time in small fish, with lower values during spring and higher values in the following winter, and continued to increase in larger and older fish. There were no apparent effects of water temperature on lice infestation in Pacific salmon. This study suggested that salmon infested with lice remained in coastal waters throughout the year. We suggest that lice on salmon that overwinter in coastal waters will contribute to a pool of infective copepodids in these habitats.

Shifting habitat mosaics and fish production across river basins

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6442) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Brennan ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Timothy J. Cline ◽  
Timothy E. Walsworth ◽  
Greg Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Network ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Habitat Mosaics ◽  
Relative Productivity

Watersheds are complex mosaics of habitats whose conditions vary across space and time as landscape features filter overriding climate forcing, yet the extent to which the reliability of ecosystem services depends on these dynamics remains unknown. We quantified how shifting habitat mosaics are expressed across a range of spatial scales within a large, free-flowing river, and how they stabilize the production of Pacific salmon that support valuable fisheries. The strontium isotope records of ear stones (otoliths) show that the relative productivity of locations across the river network, as both natal- and juvenile-rearing habitat, varies widely among years and that this variability is expressed across a broad range of spatial scales, ultimately stabilizing the interannual production of fish at the scale of the entire basin.

Genetic control over survival in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): experimental evidence between and within populations of New Zealand chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Unwin ◽  
Michael T Kinnison ◽  
Nelson C Boustead ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
Two Populations

The ability to survive to adulthood and return to natal sites is a fundamental characteristic of anadromous salmonids, and low survival is likely to have prevented establishment of new populations within and outside their native range. We hypothesised that there is family-level genetic variation in traits contributing to survival and that populations evolve to maximise survival in response to prevailing local conditions. To test these predictions, we compared postrelease survival for chinook salmon families from two populations established in New Zealand in the 1900s. Both populations, Glenariffe Stream and Hakataramea River, had similar survival when released after translocation to a drainage familiar to neither population. However, Glenariffe families had higher survival than Hakataramea families when both populations were released from Glenariffe Stream, indicating a survival advantage for the local fish. In addition, there were significant correlations between survival rates for paternal half-sib families of Glenariffe fish and between survival rates for families released from the two locations. Family-specific survival was positively correlated with weight at release, but there were underlying genetic correlations unexplained by size. Taken together, these results suggest considerable genetic influence over survival and return of salmon and that population-specific adaptation can occur within 30 generations of establishment.

scholarly journals Hydrologic-environmental effects of sponge city under different spatial scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiake Li ◽  
Cong Mu ◽  
Chenning Deng ◽  
Menghua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Reduction

Abstract The storm water management models were established at three spatial scales (large, medium, and small) based on a sponge city pilot area in China to explore the hydrological and environmental effects of rainfall conditions and development modes. Results showed the following. (1) Total runoff reduction rates increased from 26.7% to 53.9% for the rainfall event of a 2-year recurrence period as the scale increased. For 5-year and above recurrence periods, total runoff reduction rates were 19.5–49.4%. These rates increased from the small to medium scale and slightly decreased from the medium to large scale. (2) The runoff coefficients were 0.87–0.29, which decreased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale. (3) The peak flow reduction rates decreased with increased recurrence periods. The rates increased initially and then decreased at the small scale, whereas the opposite trend occurred at the medium scale. (4) The reduction rates of pollutants were negatively correlated with recurrence periods under the three spatial scales. The pollution load reduction rates were 19.5–54.7%, which increased from the small to medium scale and were basically constant from the medium to large scale.

scholarly journals Monitoring survival rates of Swainson's ThrushCatharus ustulatusat multiple spatial scales

Bird Study ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S198-S208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Rosenberg ◽  
David F. Desante ◽  
Kevin S. McKelvey ◽  
James E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales
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