Rotenone Toxicity to Rainbow Trout and Several Mountain Stream Insects

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Finlayson ◽  
William L. Somer ◽  
Mark R. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Stream Insects

scholarly journals Mountain stoneflies may tolerate warming streams: evidence from organismal physiology and gene expression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hotaling ◽  
Alisha A. Shah ◽  
Kerry L. McGowan ◽  
Lusha M. Tronstad ◽  
J. Joseph Giersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractRapid glacier recession is altering the physical conditions of headwater streams. Stream temperatures are predicted to rise and become increasingly variable, putting entire meltwater-associated biological communities at risk of extinction. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand how thermal stress affects mountain stream insects, particularly where glaciers are likely to vanish on contemporary timescales. In this study, we tested the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) of stonefly nymphs representing multiple species and a range of thermal regimes in the high Rocky Mountains, USA. We then collected RNA-sequencing data to assess how organismal thermal stress translated to the cellular level. Our focal species included the meltwater stonefly, Lednia tumana, which was recently listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate-induced habitat loss. For all study species, critical thermal maxima (CTMAX > 20°C) far exceeded the stream temperatures mountain stoneflies experience (< 10°C). Moreover, while evidence for a cellular stress response was present, we also observed constitutive expression of genes encoding proteins known to underlie thermal stress (i.e., heat shock proteins) even at low temperatures that reflected natural conditions. We show that high-elevation aquatic insects may not be physiologically threatened by short-term exposure to warm temperatures and that longer term physiological responses or biotic factors (e.g., competition) may better explain their extreme distributions.

Night Feeding of Brown and Rainbow Trout in an Experimental Stream Channel

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3275-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jenkins Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Feeding Tubes ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Experimental Stream

This study sought to determine if stream-living brown and rainbow trout (Salmo trutta and Salmo gairdneri) will feed on drifting terrestrial insects at night. Groups of fish were confined in segments of a rocky-substrate mountain stream, and marked ants were introduced to the current from observation towers equipped with feeding tubes. After the last introductions of an experiment, the fish were removed and their stomachs were examined for marked ants.Although fish of both species fed at night, they appeared to take a smaller percentage of the ants provided than did day-feeding groups studied for comparison. Fish feeding under bright moonlight and starlight captured introduced ants at about the same rates. The results suggest that trout in the type of stream studied feed or are in feeding readiness at nearly all hours of the day or night, at least in the summer months.

An Estimate of Energy Expenditure by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a Small Mountain Stream

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1755-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Feldmeth ◽  
Thomas M. Jenkins Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Natural Stream

A method is presented which estimates energy expended by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a natural stream habitat. Swimming speeds were determined by counting caudal fin beat frequency in the field. Published data on metabolic rates estimated in a water tunnel respirometer were then used to calculate energy expenditure.Swimming speeds and hence energy expenditure did not vary statistically for time of day or night (overall means: swimming speed, 16.1 cm/sec; energy expenditure, 736.5 cal/kg per hour). Our calculations indicate that swimming at 16 cm/sec would cost a 100-g rainbow trout 53 cal/hr at 15 C, and about 0.48 g (live weight) of natural food per 6 hr would be needed to offset the cost of swimming.

Diet, Glycogen Reserves and Resistance to Fatigue in Hatchery Rainbow Trout. Part II.

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller ◽  
Frances Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
High Water ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
Better Than

Violent or prolonged exercise increased blood lactate content of hatchery–reared rainbow trout, confirming earlier findings. In stream tests, two groups of hatchery–raised rainbow trout were planted in a mountain stream containing a resident population of cutthroat trout. One group had been raised on a fortified pelleted ration, the other on the standard raw liver diet. In 5 weeks 7.1% of the pellet–fed fish were recovered dead or moribund, and 20% of the liver–fed fish. Adverse environmental conditions (high water) did not prolong the usual two–week acclimatization period for the pellet–fed trout, as shown by cessation of mortality at the end of that time. The liver–fed trout continued to die in appreciable numbers until three weeks had elapsed. After the 2–week acclimatization period the pellet–fed trout accommodated to high–water conditions as well as or better than the resident trout in respect to blood lactate level, whereas liver–fed trout maintained a higher than normal lactate level. Ten hatchery–raised trout, 2 from the pellet–fed group and 8 from the liver–fed group, were recovered from the stream in a moribund state. These had blood lactate levels four or more times as high as the non–moribund trout on the same date. An Appendix table gives a summary of the Gorge Creek trout plantings in 1952–57.

Feeding of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Relation to Abundance of Drifting Invertebrates in a Mountain Stream

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2356-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Jenkins Jr. ◽  
G. V. Elliott ◽  
C. R. Feldmeth
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Benthic Insects ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Generally True

Hatchery-reared rainbow trout, deprived of food for 48 or 96 hr and released in a mountain stream for 5- or 10-hr periods, consumed aerial invertebrates in numbers loosely associated with their seasonal and hourly abundance in the drift. The same was generally true for benthic insects, except that on several days feeding was much poorer relative to drift from 3:00 AM to 8:00 AM than at other times of day.In September and October tests, aerial forms were abundant during daylight, and benthic forms abundant at night, enabling trout to feed 24 hr a day. Day and night feeding in September were roughly equal in importance, but in October more food was taken during the day. Aerial invertebrates were so rare in December that benthic insects were the most important prey day and night. However, even benthics were not numerous enough to provide good feeding.

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