Diet, Glycogen Reserves and Resistance to Fatigue in Hatchery Rainbow Trout. Part II.

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Miller ◽  
Frances Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
High Water ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
Better Than

Violent or prolonged exercise increased blood lactate content of hatchery–reared rainbow trout, confirming earlier findings. In stream tests, two groups of hatchery–raised rainbow trout were planted in a mountain stream containing a resident population of cutthroat trout. One group had been raised on a fortified pelleted ration, the other on the standard raw liver diet. In 5 weeks 7.1% of the pellet–fed fish were recovered dead or moribund, and 20% of the liver–fed fish. Adverse environmental conditions (high water) did not prolong the usual two–week acclimatization period for the pellet–fed trout, as shown by cessation of mortality at the end of that time. The liver–fed trout continued to die in appreciable numbers until three weeks had elapsed. After the 2–week acclimatization period the pellet–fed trout accommodated to high–water conditions as well as or better than the resident trout in respect to blood lactate level, whereas liver–fed trout maintained a higher than normal lactate level. Ten hatchery–raised trout, 2 from the pellet–fed group and 8 from the liver–fed group, were recovered from the stream in a moribund state. These had blood lactate levels four or more times as high as the non–moribund trout on the same date. An Appendix table gives a summary of the Gorge Creek trout plantings in 1952–57.

Blood Lactate Levels in Free-Swimming Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Before and After Strenuous Exercise Resulting in Fatigue

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Driedzic ◽  
Joe W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lactate Levels

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exercised to fatigue in a series of 60-min stepwise increasing velocity increments. There was no increase in blood lactate concentration, serially sampled during swimming by means of indwelling dorsal and ventral aortic catheters, at velocities as high as 93% of critical velocity of individuals. The data show that under these conditions the rate of production of lactate by white muscle, at less than critical velocities, is minimal or that the rate of elimination of lactate from white muscle is equal to its rate of utilization elsewhere. Immediately following fatigue blood lactate level increases rapidly. During the recovery period there appears to be a net uptake of lactate by the gills.

scholarly journals Alteration of Blood Lactate Levels in Severe Falciparum Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Polrat Wilairatana ◽  
Wanida Mala ◽  
Manas Kotepui ◽  
Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

Metabolic acidosis in severe malaria usually occurs in the form of lactic acidosis. The present study aimed to collate articles from the literature that have reported blood lactate levels in patients with severe malaria and tested the hypothesis that blood lactate levels are elevated in patients with malaria compared to those with uncomplicated malaria. Moreover, the difference in lactate levels between patients who died and those who survived was estimated using a meta-analytic approach. Potentially relevant studies were searched for in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale and strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE). The pooled mean blood lactate in patients with severe malaria, the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of blood lactate between patients with severe malaria and those with uncomplicated malaria, and the pooled WMD and 95% CI of blood lactate between patients who died from and those who survived severe malaria were estimated using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity among the outcomes of the included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. A meta-regression analysis was performed to identify the source(s) of heterogeneity of outcomes among the included studies. A subgroup analysis was further performed to separately analyze the outcomes stratified by the probable source(s) of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the visual inspection of the funnel plot asymmetry. Of 793 studies retrieved from the searches, 30 studies were included in qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The pooled mean lactate in patients with severe malaria was 5.04 mM (95% CI: 4.44–5.64; I2: 99.9%; n = 30,202 cases from 30 studies). The mean lactate in patients with severe malaria (1568 cases) was higher than in those with uncomplicated malaria (1693 cases) (p = 0.003; MD: 2.46; 95% CI: 0.85–4.07; I2: 100%; nine studies). The mean lactate in patients with severe malaria who died (272 cases) was higher than in those with severe malaria who survived (1370 cases) (p < 0.001; MD: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.74–3.75; I2: 95.8%; six studies). In conclusion, the present study showed a high mean difference in blood lactate level between patients with severe malaria and patients with uncomplicated malaria. In addition, there was a high mean difference in blood lactate level between patients with severe malaria who died compared to those with severe malaria who survived. Further studies are needed to investigate the prognostic value of blood lactate levels to identify patients who are at high risk of developing severe malaria or dying.

scholarly journals Prehospital lactate improves prediction of the need for immediate interventions for hemorrhage after trauma

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Fukuma ◽  
Taka-aki Nakada ◽  
Tadanaga Shimada ◽  
Takashi Shimazui ◽  
Tuerxun Aizimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Circulatory Disturbance ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Level I ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

Abstract The blood lactate level is used to guide the management of trauma patients with circulatory disturbance. We hypothesized that blood lactate levels at the scene (Lac scene) could improve the prediction for immediate interventions for hemorrhage. We prospectively measured blood lactate levels and assessed retrospectively in 435 trauma patients both at the scene and on arrival at the emergency room (ER) of a level I trauma center. Primary outcome was immediate intervention for hemorrhage defined as surgical/radiological intervention and/or blood transfusion within 24 h. Physiological variables plus Lac scene significantly increased the predictive value for immediate intervention (area under the curve [AUC] 0.882, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.839–0.925) compared to that using physiological variables only (AUC 0.837, 95% CI 0.787–0.887, P = 0.0073), replicated in the validation cohort (n = 85). There was no significant improvement in predicting value of physiological variables plus Lac scene for massive transfusion compared to physiological variables (AUC 0.903 vs 0.895, P = 0.32). The increased blood lactate level per minute from scene to ER was associated with increased probability for immediate intervention (P < 0.0001). Both adding Lac scene to physiological variables and the temporal elevation of blood lactate levels from scene to ER could improve the prediction of the immediate intervention.

scholarly journals Are Blood Lactate Levels Better Than a Crystal Ball – the Veterinary Evidence Base

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Boag
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Simple Parameter ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels ◽  
Better Than

<p>Blood lactate levels are a simple and inexpensive parameter that is increasingly available to practitioners in both emergency medicine and general practice. But what does it really tell us? The earliest studies in people dating from the 1970s were the first to advocate lactate as a prognostic indicator with one of the landmark studies showing that as admission lactate concentration increased from 2.1 to 8.0 mmol/L survival decreased from 90% to 10%. When treating emergency patients with distressed owners, there is something very attractive about the idea of measuring a simple parameter on admission that could give us a better sense of prognosis than our clinical opinion alone... But does the data support that? In this session we will briefly review lactate physiology and then focus on the small animal veterinary evidence base – how has it evolved, what do we now know and where are the gaps in knowledge and potential misinterpretations that could affect our use of this clinical tool.</p><p> </p><img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" />

scholarly journals Pengaruh ekspresi p53 dan HIF1 terhadap peningkatan laktat jaringan nasofaring pada pasien karsinoma nasofaring

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jemmy Kurniawan ◽  
Pudji Rahaju ◽  
Soehartono Soehartono
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Tissue ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact

Latar Belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) merupakan keganasan tersering pada kepala dan leher. Pilihan terapi KNF adalah radioterapi dan kemoterapi yang berhubungan dengan toksisitas, resistensi obat, dan rekurensi. Intervensi metabolik yang didasarkan pada perubahan metabolisme sel kanker merupakan salah satu strategi terapi kanker pada saat ini. Untuk dapat mengetahuinya perlu dipahami pengaruh ekspresi p53 dan hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) terhadap peningkatan kadar laktat jaringan nasofaring pada pasien KNF. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh ekspresi p53 dan HIF1 terhadap peningkatan kadar laktat jaringan nasofaring, dan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara kadar laktat darah dengan laktat jaringan nasofaring. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional melibatkan 10 subjek, dilakukan biopsi nasofaring dengan tuntunan nasoendoskopi untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi, ekspresi p53 dan HIF1 dengan imunohistokimia, laktat jaringan nasofaring dengan colorimetric, dan laktat darah. Hasil: Seluruh subjek mengalami peningkatan ekspresi p53 dan HIF1 dengan rerata p53 19,53±7,37 dan HIF1 24,30±12,28. Seluruh subjek penelitian memiliki kadar laktat jaringan meningkat, dengan rerata kadar laktat 0,67±0,39. Kadar laktat darah subjek cenderung meningkat dengan rerata 2,93±0,65. Terdapat pengaruh peningkatan ekspresi p53 terhadap peningkatan kadar laktat jaringan (p=0,002). Terdapat pengaruh peningkatan ekspresi HIF1 terhadap peningkatan kadar laktat jaringan (p=0,042). Tidak terdapat kesesuaian antara kadar laktat darah dengan laktat jaringan nasofaring (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Peningkatan ekspresi p53 dan HIF1 berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar laktat jaringan nasofaring pada pasien KNF, namun kadar laktat darah tidak menggambarkan kadar laktat jaringan nasofaring. ABSTRACTBackground: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most frequent malignancy of the head and neck. The options of NPC therapy are radiotherapy and chemotherapy, associated with toxicity, drug resistance, and recurrence. Metabolic intervention based on changes in cancer cell metabolism is currently one of the strategies of cancer therapy. Aim: To determine the impact of p53 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) expression on elevated lactate levels of nasopharyngeal tissue, and to determine the compatibility between blood lactate and nasopharyngeal tissue lactate levels in patients with NPC. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 10 subjects who underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy for histopathologic examination, p53 and HIF1 expression using immunohistochemistry, lactate of nasopharyngeal tissue using colorimetric, and blood lactate. Results: All subjects had increased expression of p53 and HIF1 with p53 mean of 19.53±7.37 and HIF1 mean of 24.30±12.28. All subjects had elevated tissue lactate levels, with lactate levels mean of 0.67±0.39. The blood lactate level of the subjects increased, with blood lactate level mean of 2.93±0.65. There was a significant increasing impact of p53 expression on tissue lactate elevated level (p=0.002) and a significant increasing impact of HIF1 expression on tissue lactate elevated level (p=0.042). There was no correlation between lactate levels of blood lactate and nasopharyngeal tissue (p=0.000). Conclusion: Increased expression of p53 and HIF1 had an effect on increased levels of lactate nasopharyngeal tissue in NPC patients, but blood lactate levels did not have a correlation with lactate levels of nasopharyngeal tissue.

scholarly journals Serum Lactate –An indicator of morbidity and mortality in polytrauma and multi-trauma patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lamichhane ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
B Banskota ◽  
AK Banskota
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Trauma ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Serum Lactate Level ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Elevated Lactate

Background: The search for the best marker or set of markers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ‘at risk’ trauma patients is ongoing. Serial estimation of serum lactate values are thought to help predict morbidity and mortality in trauma victims. There is evidence to support the use of blood lactate levels as an end point of resuscitation. The presence of elevated lactic acid levels in the serum can direct the treating physician to safe and correct timing of any surgical intervention. Early identification and aggressive resuscitation measures aimed at correcting the impaired metabolic dysfunction improves survival and reduces complications in severely injured trauma patients. Methods: A prospective analytical study of 52 patients with polytrauma and multiple trauma admitted within 12 hours of injury to our institution between March 2007 to February 2008 was carried out. All the patients were resuscitated as per the advance trauma life support (ATLS) protocol in the emergency room. Serum lactate level was analyzed on the 1st, 5th and 14th day of injury. Serum lactate levels greater than 2 milimoles/L was considered abnormal and serum lactate level greater than 5 milimoles/L was considered significant. Results: There were 45 males and 7 females with an average age of 32.8 years (18-82). 18 patients out of 52 sustained polytrauma. Of these 18 patients, 8 patients sustained chest injury, 4 had head injury and 2 had abdominal injury. In the polytrauma group (n-18), 5 patients had an elevated lactate above 2 milimoles/Lon admission. 2 patients who had significant rise of lactate (>5 milimoles/L) on admission died on the 5th day. Out of 34 multiple trauma patients, 13 patients had an elevated lactate level at admission. One patient in this group with lactate level 7.2 died of ARDS on 3rd day of admission. Conclusion: Blood lactate appears to be a reliable marker reflecting not only the severity of the shock, but also for predicting survival. The longer the lactate is elevated, the more a patient is likely to develop multiple organ dysfunctions and die. Lactate levels followed over time is more reliable than isolated values. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v2i1.8134 Nepal Orthopaedic Association Journal Vol.2(1) 2011: 7-13

scholarly journals Selection of blood sampling source to measure lactate levels in patients with septic shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Tinglan Zuo ◽  
F.S. Glumcher ◽  
S.O. Dubrov
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Central Venous Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lactate Levels

The initial lactate level has been used as one of mortality predictors in patients with septic shock. Different studies measured the concentrations of blood lactate obtained from different vessels. Even in some retrospective studies, blood lactate levels from heterogeneous sources (artery, central vein, and peripheral vein) have been used. Practicing physicians face following questions: what data have the best predictive value, can they replace each other? In our observations, а high positive linear correlation was found between lactate concentrations in arterial and central venous blood (R = 0.895; P < 0.001). Both indicators have satisfactory values for predicting treatment outcome. Lactate level in arterial blood had a slightly better predictive value compared to its concentration in central venous blood.

scholarly journals Pre-Hospital Lactatemia Predicts 30-Day Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock—Preliminary Results from the LAPHSUS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3290
Author(s):  
Romain Jouffroy ◽  
Teddy Léguillier ◽  
Basile Gilbert ◽  
Jean Pierre Tourtier ◽  
Emmanuel Bloch-Laine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

Background: Assessment of disease severity in patients with septic shock (SS) is crucial in determining optimal level of care. In both pre- and in-hospital settings, the clinical picture alone is not sufficient for assessing disease severity and outcomes. Because blood lactate level is included in the clinical criteria of SS it should be considered to improve the assessment of its severity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between pre-hospital blood lactate level and 30-day mortality in patients with SS. Methods: From 15 April 2017 to 15 April 2019, patients with SS requiring pre-hospital Mobile Intensive Care Unit intervention (MICU) were prospectively included in the LAPHSUS study, an observational, non-randomized controlled study. Pre-hospital blood lactate levels were measured at the time of first contact between the patients and the MICU. Results: Among the 183 patients with septic shock requiring action by the MICU drawn at random from LAPHSUS study patients, six (3%) were lost to follow-up on the 30th day and thus 177 (97%) were analyzed for blood lactate levels (mean age 70 ± 14 years). Pulmonary, urinary and digestive infections were probably the cause of the SS in respectively 58%, 21% and 11% of the cases. The 30-day overall mortality was 32%. Mean pre-hospital lactatemia was significantly different between patients who died and those who survived (respectively 7.1 ± 4.0 mmol/L vs. 5.9 ± 3.5 mmol/L, p < 10−3). Using Cox regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders we showed that a pre-hospital blood lactate level ≥ 4 mmol/L significantly predicted 30-day mortality in patients with SS (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.37, 95%CI (1.01–5.57), p = 0.04). Conclusion: In this study, we showed that pre-hospital lactatemia predicts 30-day mortality in patients with septic shock handled by the MICU. Further studies will be needed to evaluate if pre-hospital lactatemia alone or combined with clinical scores could affect the triage decision-making process for those patients.

LACTATE METABOLISM IN RAINBOW TROUT

1993 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Milligan ◽  
S. S. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Hepatic Portal

We have investigated the metabolic fate of blood lactate in resting rainbow trout and in fish recovering from a bout of exhaustive exercise. At rest and during recovery from exercise, the majority of blood lactate was oxidized, the proportion increasing with increasing oxygen consumption. It is estimated that, during recovery from exhaustive exercise, lactate released from the muscle has the potential to fuel a significant portion of oxidative metabolism. The bulk of the remaining blood lactate reappeared in the muscle lactate pool, probably via direct uptake by the muscle. There was a significant incorporation of blood lactate into the muscle glycogen pool, providing strong evidence for in situ glycogenesis as the mode for muscle glycogen replenishment. To investigate the role of the liver in blood lactate clearance, trout were functionally hepatectomized by ligation of the hepatic portal circulation. The exercise performance of hepatectomized fish was equal to that of sham- operated fish and controls, indicating that muscle relies primarily on endogenous fuel stores. Furthermore, blood lactate levels immediately after exercise were greater and muscle metabolic recovery was faster in hepatectomized fish than in sham-operated fish and controls. These observations suggest that glycogen resynthesis in trout muscle may be retarded because of a non- recoverable loss of substrate (i.e. lactate) from the muscle, because the lactate released is utilized by the liver. These results are discussed in view of what is known about these processes in other ectothermic vertebrates.

scholarly journals Intraoperative changes in blood lactate levels are associated with worse short-term outcomes after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Perfusion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Duval ◽  
Thibaud Besnard ◽  
Stefano Mion ◽  
Sébastien Leuillet ◽  
Olivier Jecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Blood Lactate Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

Background: A high perioperative blood lactate level has been reported to be associated with poor outcomes after cardiac surgery. More than isolated peaks of lactate values, it should be more interesting to take into account changes in intraoperative blood lactate level (∆Lact). This large-scale retrospective study evaluated the relationship between ∆Lact and overall intensive care unit morbidity and 30-day all-cause mortality. Methods: Perioperative data from consecutive patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery between September 2010 and June 2016 were retrospectively analysed through our institutional database including clinical, transfusion and laboratory test results implemented prospectively by physicians. Blood lactate levels were initially measured after induction of anaesthesia (baseline) and periodically during the surgery. The ∆Lact was defined as the difference between the highest intraoperative blood lactate and the baseline lactate level and offered the opportunity to stratify patients into four subgroups: ⩽0, 0.1-0.9, 1-1.9 and ⩾2 mmol L−1. Results: From the 7,795 patients found eligible during the study period, 7,447 patients were analysed. The median ∆Lact of our patients was 0.6 (0.3-1) mmol L−1. Most of the studied patients (65.9%) exhibited a ∆Lact between 0.1 and 0.9 mmol L−1. A concentration-dependent relationship was observed between ∆Lact and intensive care unit morbidity and 30-day mortality. After adjustment for co-variables, all ∆Lact > 0 was associated with an increase in overall intensive care unit morbidity. An independent relationship was also found between ∆Lact and 30-day mortality as of a 1 mmol L−1 increase. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ∆Lact is associated with poor short-term outcomes in adult cardiac surgical patients.

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