scholarly journals The impact of kinesiology tape application on the volume of interstitial space over the gastrocnemius within healthy mixed-gender participants using ultrasonography

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alannah Jennifer Guy ◽  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Space ◽  
Kinesiology Tape ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender

Yoga for Substance Use Disorder in Women: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brooks ◽  
Shauna Lawlor ◽  
Sarah Turetzkin ◽  
Christy W. Goodnight ◽  
Mary Lou Galantino
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Evidence Database ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Effective Adjunct

Abstract It has been suggested that yoga may be an effective adjunct intervention in the management of substance use disorders (SUD). Additionally, women with SUD require different treatment approaches than men. The objective of this study was to critically evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of yoga, specifically for women, as part of treatment for SUD. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated any type of yoga, including yoga as a component of mindfulness-based treatment, against any type of control in individuals with any type of addiction were eligible. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist and Statement, methodological quality was appraised using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PE Dro) criteria. Ten RC Ts (eight mixed-gender and two female-focused) met the eligibility criteria. Most of these RCTs were small to medium-sized, with various methodological and analytical flaws and deficits. The types of addictions included in these studies were alcohol, drug, and nicotine addiction. Most RCTs suggested that various types of yoga, primarily Hatha Yoga and its components, led to favorable or equivalent results for SUD as an adjunct to control or treatment-as-usual interventions. There are limited results on the impact of yoga for SUD specifically focused on women and their unique needs. Although the results of mixed-gender articles are encouraging, large RCTs with gender-specific subanalyses are required to better determine the benefits specific to women incorporating yoga for SUD.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SAUDIS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS GRAFFITI

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Mansour Dhafer Al Qarni ◽  
Abdullah Hassan Al Qarni
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Western World ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Actual Meaning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Gender

The inscription is a common and widely used literary technique in communication. This technique is used to deliver an underlying message indirectly. The intended meaning of the words used in inscription form is different from its actual meaning. This literary device is used actively in the Western World and there have been many studies on this area conducted by several researchers. Though inscription on the restrooms is also used by citizens of Saudi Arabia in their communication. Thus, toilet graffiti is a unique window into the relationship between gender, language, and social context. Whereas, the other public places have less painting, drawing, and relationship between both genders. Therefore, we would like to propose this paper in Saudi’s graffiti. Also, the importance of how women and men communicate, no comparable situation in which both men and women write graffiti has ever been studied. This study sought to set a new benchmark: focusing not only one at the topic of graffiti but also at the language style in which inscriptions were written, and not in male and female toilets but also in an analogous mixed-gender context in different places. Strong gender differences are found for the topic in the findings. Female’s Graffiti tends to be politer, love, relationship, less assertive and interactive, whereas those from the male graffiti indicate more argumentative and negative behavior with racial discrimination. One of the most important results is indicated that both genders are used graffiti in a toilet stall in order to express their attitude, psychological case whether positively or negatively. They want to keep on themselves away from their people sights. Gender differences in language style are subtler but generally consistent with those found in other contexts. Gendered language is mitigated in the mixed-gender context. Topics in the mixed-gender context are a composite of the topics found in the men’s and women graffiti but also included the only sexist remarks in the data.

The Impact of Religion on Voting For Female Congressional Candidates

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Setzler ◽  
Alixandra B. Yanus
Keyword(s):  
Vote Choice ◽  
Congressional Election ◽  
National State ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Individual Vote ◽  
Evangelical Protestants ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender

AbstractResearch shows that areas with high levels of aggregate religiosity are less likely to elect female candidates to national, state, and local offices. These studies, however, do not determine the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship. In the present analysis, we seek to examine what role, if any, religious exposure and tradition play in determining individuals’ general election vote choices in mixed-gender contests. To explore this relationship, we use data from the 2010 and 2012 Cooperative Congressional Election Studies. We find some evidence of a relationship between religious beliefs and voting for female congressional candidates; when compared to secular voters, evangelical Protestants and Catholics are more likely to vote for Republican women and less likely to support Democratic women. Our results, however, also underscore partisan identities’ central role in shaping individual vote choice, regardless of a candidate's gender.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sexism on Leadership in Female-Male Climbing Dyads

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Kulich ◽  
Soledad de Lemus ◽  
Pilar Montañés Muro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Benevolent Sexism ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Leadership Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender

We investigated how sexism affected leadership in mixed-gender alpine climbing-dyads. We asked whether benevolent sexism would impair, and hostile sexism would increase (as a form of resistance) women’s leadership; and whether benevolent sexism would increase men’s leadership (as a form of paternalism). A correlational study assessed reported leading behaviour of alpine climbers. Then a vignette-based experiment presented climbers with cross-gender targets of which three were sexist (non-feminist), and one feminist (non-sexist) and assessed leading intentions depending on targets’ and participants’ gender attitudes. Findings showed that women endorsing benevolent sexism indicated lower leading intentions with targets expressing benevolent sexism (i.e., benevolent and ambivalent men) as compared to hostile sexist men. Moreover, women’s benevolent sexism negatively affected their leading intentions with men endorsing the same gender ideology. Unexpectedly, women with low endorsement of hostile sexism reported higher leading intentions with a hostile sexist man than an ambivalent one, and with an ambivalent than a benevolent man. Conversely, men intended to lead more with female targets who expressed benevolent sexism, accommodating these women’s expectations. Further, men intended to lead more with ambivalent women, than with women deviating from gender stereotypes (i.e., feminist women, or hostile sexist women - who lack benevolence expected based on gender stereotypes). We conclude that benevolent sexism likely reinforces traditional gender roles in a leadership context when men face women who fit the gender stereotype; and when women are benevolent sexist, themselves. Moreover, low hostile sexist women, confront men’s hostility with higher leading intentions, as a form of resistance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Peer Groups and Routine Activities on the Victim-Offender Overlap: Evidence From a German Study on Youth Crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 105756772110386
Author(s):  
Anke Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Victimization Risk ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Gender

Despite the substantive evidence on the victim-offender overlap from various national contexts, comprehensive examinations for Germany are lacking. This article provides insights into peer group-related correlates of the victim-offender overlap by specifically differentiating the roles of victims, offenders, and victim-offenders. The analysis examines risk factors for involvement in violence using a sample of 3,519 14- and 16-year-old students from a large crime study conducted in Germany. Applying multinomial logistic regression, the risk of being a victim-only, offender-only, or victim-offender is predicted by peer group characteristics such as frequency of meeting, group composition, delinquent norms, and routine activities with friends. The results show that proximity to friends and delinquent norms of peers significantly influence victimization, offending, and the victim-offender overlap. Regarding group composition, violent offending and being a victim-offender occurred more often in male-dominated mixed-gender friend groups, whereas victimization risk is not affected by group composition. Frequent alcohol consumption within the group is associated with victimization risk and the victim-offender overlap, whereas going out is associated with offending and the overlap. The findings underline that the peer context is not only of importance for explaining delinquency but also for unraveling victimization and the victim-offender overlap.

scholarly journals PSVIII-14 Impact of altering Lys:energy ratio during gestation on offspring post-wean growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
Tiffany Bruhn ◽  
Hyatt Frobose ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Maternal Treatment ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender

Abstract Lysine and energy supply in gestation can influence preweaning mortality and sow lactation feed intake but little data exists for the impact on offspring post-weaning performance. A study evaluated the effects of dietary Lys:energy during gestation on offspring performance from weaning until market. Both primiparous and multiparous females (n=59 in 2 groups) were blocked by parity, balanced by weight and allotted to one of three gestation feeding regimens: 1.50 g SID Lys/Mcal ME (Control), 1.50 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2–89 and 2.11 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d90–110 d of gestation (PF1) and 1.25, 1.07, and 0.88 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2–89 for gilts, parity 1 and parity 2+, respectively and 2.11 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d90–110 d of gestation (PF2). Offspring (n=682) were weaned into 40 pens by maternal treatment (n=13-15 pigs/pen, mixed gender/pen). Pen feed disappearance and individual pig weights were determined at least once each month until market. Animals were marketed by a technician blinded to treatment; to account for potential marketing bias, adjusted d130 weight was calculated. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block with means separation using Scheffe’s adjustment. The offspring of Control sows had decreased BW at weaning (P < 0.001) versus PF1 offspring and Control offspring had decreased BW (P = 0.001) compared to both PF1 and PF2 at d7 post-weaning. Despite minimal differences in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between treatments, PF2 offspring were heavier (P = 0.02) at market and adjusted d130 weight than Control pigs. While PF1 offspring had similar BW at market than Controls, they spent fewer (138.2 vs. 142.7; P = 0.009) days on feed than Control pigs due to the aforementioned marketing bias. Altered Lys:energy ratio in a single gestation cycle improved offspring post-wean performance.

Photographs as a Source for Social History and the History of Emotions

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
LILIA LABIDI
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender

The two photographs I am examining, which are taken from a series involving some sixty married couples from across Tunisia and over three generations (covering the period from the 1940s to the 1990s), concern the second generation of couples—those marrying in the 1960s and 1970s, when the marriage photo became a significant element in family practice. These portraits reveal new patterns of behavior, testifying to the impact of (1) discussions about a woman's right to choose her spouse that took place after the promulgation of the Personal Status Code in 1956, (2) mixed-gender education, and (3) campaigns denouncing the negative effects on new couples of expensive marriage ceremonies.

The impact of fleeting exposure to female exemplars of success in STEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022097547
Author(s):  
Megan K. McCarty ◽  
Janice R. Kelly ◽  
Kipling D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Stem Majors ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Stem Students ◽  
Meaningful Existence ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender

Two studies tested the impact of subtle cues that associate masculinity with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) success on women’s STEM experiences. Study 1 was a field study conducted in a university campus engineering building where photos of graduating classes were displayed. In Study 2, STEM majors viewed a mock website that depicted either exclusively male or mixed-gender STEM students. Across both studies, women reported greater fundamental need threat—a composite of threats to belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence—after viewing photos of exclusively male STEM students than did men. This gender effect disappeared when photos included female STEM students. Direct effects of gender and photo condition on career intentions were not observed, but indirect effects were obtained through need threat. Thus, because fleeting exposure to subtle background images associating STEM success with masculinity can negatively impact women’s fundamental needs, cues in academic environments should be carefully considered.

How Does Development Assistance Affect Collective Action Capacity? Results from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES D. FEARON ◽  
MACARTAN HUMPHREYS ◽  
JEREMY M. WEINSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Program Effects ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
External Intervention

Social cooperation is critical to a wide variety of political and economic outcomes. For this reason, international donors have embraced interventions designed to strengthen the ability of communities to solve collective-action problems, especially in post-conflict settings. We exploit the random assignment of a development program in Liberia to assess the effects of such interventions. Using a matching funds experiment we find evidence that these interventions can alter cooperation capacity. However, we observe effects only in communities in which, by design, both men and women faced the collective action challenge. Focusing on mechanisms, we find evidence that program effects worked through improvements in mobilization capacity that may have enhanced communities’ ability to coordinate to solve mixed gender problems. These gains did not operate in areas where only women took part in the matching funds experiment, possibly because they could rely on traditional institutions unaffected by the external intervention. The combined evidence suggests that the impact of donor interventions designed to enhance cooperation can depend critically on the kinds of social dilemmas that communities face, and the flexibility they have in determining who should solve them.

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