scholarly journals Nesting Habits of Cavity Nesting Bees and Wasps in Portland, Oregon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stefanie Steele
Keyword(s):  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Nesting Habits

Two introduced spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) new to Canada, with notes on nesting habits and the incidence of introductions

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Buck
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe European pompilid Agenioideus cinctellus (Spinola, 1808) is recorded for the first time from the New World based on material from Ontario. Another recent Nearctic immigrant, Auplopus carbonarius (Scopoli, 1763), is recorded for the first time from Canada, which extends its known range into southern Ontario. The incidence of new introductions and the possible impact on the community of cavity-nesting aculeate wasps is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolution of a Beak Morphology Locus in a High-Altitude Songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2983-2988
Author(s):  
Yalin Cheng ◽  
Matthew J Miller ◽  
Dezhi Zhang ◽  
Gang Song ◽  
Chenxi Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Beak Length ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract The Ground Tit (Pseudopodoces humilis) has lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for ∼5.7 My and has the highest altitudinal distribution among all parids. This species has evolved an elongated beak in response to long-term selection imposed by ground-foraging and cavity-nesting habits, yet the genetic basis for beak elongation remains unknown. Here, we perform genome-wide analyses across 14 parid species and identify 25 highly divergent genomic regions that are significantly associated with beak length, finding seven candidate genes involved in bone morphogenesis and remolding. Neutrality tests indicate that a model allowing for a selective sweep in the highly conserved COL27A1 gene best explains variation in beak length. We also identify two nonsynonymous fixed mutations in the collagen domain that are predicted to be functionally deleterious yet may have facilitated beak elongation. Our study provides evidence of adaptive alleles in COL27A1 with major effects on beak elongation of Ps. humilis.

scholarly journals Body size and climate as predictors of plumage colouration and sexual dichromatism in parrots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisana Carballo ◽  
Kaspar Delhey ◽  
Mihai Valcu ◽  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Sexual Dichromatism ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Parrot Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nesting Habits

AbstractPsittaciformes (parrots, cockatoos and lorikeets) comprise one of the most colourful clades of birds. Their unique pigments and cavity nesting habits are two potential explanations for their colourful character. However, plumage colour varies substantially between parrot species and sometimes also between males and females of the same species. Here, we use comparative analyses to evaluate what factors correlate with colour elaboration, colour diversity and sexual dichromatism. Specifically, we test the association between different aspects of parrot colouration and (1) the intensity of sexual selection and social interactions, (2) variation along the slow-fast life-history continuum and (3) climatic variation. We show that larger species and species that live in warm environments display more elaborated colours, yet smaller species have higher levels of sexual dichromatism. Larger parrots tend to have darker and more blue and red colours. Parrots that live in humid environments are darker and redder, whilst species inhabiting warm regions have more blue plumage colours. In general, the variables we considered explain small to moderate amounts of variation in parrot colouration (up to 20%). Our data suggest that sexual selection may be acting more strongly on males in small, short-lived parrots leading to sexual dichromatism. More elaborate colouration in both males and females of the larger, long-lived species with slow tropical life-histories suggests that mutual mate choice and reduced selection for crypsis may be important in these species, as has been shown for passerines.

scholarly journals Cavity Adoption and the Evolution of Coloniality in Cavity-Nesting Birds

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Cavity Nesters ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Colonial Breeding ◽  
Nesting Habits

AbstractAmong cavity-nesting birds, a distinction can be made between excavators, which dig their own cavities, and cavity-adopters, which nest in pre-existing cavities. Historically, these two types of species have been grouped together as “cavity-nesters,” but it has become clear that the two nesting habits are associated with very different suites of life-history characters. This paper tests the hypothesis that cavity-adopters differ from excavators and other nest-building species in their propensity to evolve colonial breeding. Because of their dependence on pre-existing cavities, cavity-adopters presumably have less control than excavators over the location of their nests, and this could limit their ability to nest near conspecifics. A literature survey of the nesting behavior of 842 species in 17 bird families shows that coloniality almost never occurs in species that are obligate cavity-adopters. A phylogeny-based comparative analysis of nesting behavior in the Anseriformes indicates that in this group, colonial breeding has evolved less frequently in lineages of cavity-adopters than would be expected by chance. Together, this evidence supports the hypothesis that colonial breeding systems are unlikely to evolve in lineages of cavity-adopters.Evolución de la Colonialidad en Aves que Nidifican en CavidadesResumen. Las aves que nidifican en cavidades pueden dividirse en dos grupos: las especies excavadoras, que construyen sus propias cavidades, y las no-excavadoras, que nidifican en cavidades pre-existentes. Históricamente, estos dos tipos de especies han sido agrupadas colectivamente como aves que anidan en cavidades, pero estudios recientes demuestran que los dos tipos de nidificación están asociados con diferentes caracteres de sus historias de vida. En este estudio se pone a prueba la hipótesis que especies no-excavadoras difieren de las excavadoras y de otras especies que construyen nidos en cuanto a su propensión a evolucionar hábitos de reproducción colonial. Debido a que dependen de cavidades pre-existentes, las especies no-excavadoras presumiblemente tienen menos control que las excavadoras sobre la ubicación de sus nidos, y esto podría limitar su habilidad para nidificar cerca de otros miembros de su especie. Una revisión bibliográfica sobre el comportamiento de nidificación de 842 especies pertenecientes a 17 familias demuestra que casi nunca se observa colonialidad en especies que obligatoriamente utilizan cavidades pre-existentes. Un análisis comparativo utilizando una filogenia y datos del comportamiento de nidificación de miembros del orden Anseriformes indica que la colonialidad ha evolucionado con menor frecuencia de lo esperado al azar en linajes de especies no-excavadoras que utilizan cavidades. En conjunto, estos datos apoyan la hipótesis que los sistemas de nidificación colonial tienen baja probabilidad de evolucionar en linajes de no-excavadoras que anidan en cavidades.

Red Heart Disease in Pines Caused by Porodaedalea (Phellinus) pini in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Yin-Tse Huang ◽  
Jeffrey Eickwort ◽  
Jiri Hulcr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Pine Species

All pine species in Florida are susceptible to red heart disease. The disease can decrease timber value and weaken trees, making them threats to people and property. In forests, however, the same disease can be beneficial to cavity-nesting animals like red-cockaded woodpeckers. This 3-page fact sheet written by Yin-Tse Huang, Jeffrey Eickwort, and Jiri Hulcr and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes the disease and provides some tips to manage it in areas where it could cause problems for people.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr425

Breeding success and its correlates in native versus invasive secondary cavity-nesting birds

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Françoise Lermite ◽  
Salit Kark ◽  
Chloe Peneaux ◽  
Andrea S. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Cavity Nesting

scholarly journals The circadian clock uses different environmental time cues to synchronize emergence and locomotion of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Beer ◽  
Mariela Schenk ◽  
Charlotte Helfrich-Förster ◽  
Andrea Holzschuh
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Osmia Bicornis ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractLife on earth adapted to the daily reoccurring changes in environment by evolving an endogenous circadian clock. Although the circadian clock has a crucial impact on survival and behavior of solitary bees, many aspects of solitary bee clock mechanisms remain unknown. Our study is the first to show that the circadian clock governs emergence in Osmia bicornis, a bee species which overwinters as adult inside its cocoon. Therefore, its eclosion from the pupal case is separated by an interjacent diapause from its emergence in spring. We show that this bee species synchronizes its emergence to the morning. The daily rhythms of emergence are triggered by temperature cycles but not by light cycles. In contrast to this, the bee’s daily rhythms in locomotion are synchronized by light cycles. Thus, we show that the circadian clock of O. bicornis is set by either temperature or light, depending on what activity is timed. Light is a valuable cue for setting the circadian clock when bees have left the nest. However, for pre-emerged bees, temperature is the most important cue, which may represent an evolutionary adaptation of the circadian system to the cavity-nesting life style of O. bicornis.

Observations on the Nesting Habits of the Phainopepla

The Condor ◽  
1908 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Harriet Williams Myers
Keyword(s):  
Nesting Habits
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