scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Reveals Evolution of a Beak Morphology Locus in a High-Altitude Songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 2983-2988
Author(s):  
Yalin Cheng ◽  
Matthew J Miller ◽  
Dezhi Zhang ◽  
Gang Song ◽  
Chenxi Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Nesting Habits ◽  
Beak Length ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract The Ground Tit (Pseudopodoces humilis) has lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for ∼5.7 My and has the highest altitudinal distribution among all parids. This species has evolved an elongated beak in response to long-term selection imposed by ground-foraging and cavity-nesting habits, yet the genetic basis for beak elongation remains unknown. Here, we perform genome-wide analyses across 14 parid species and identify 25 highly divergent genomic regions that are significantly associated with beak length, finding seven candidate genes involved in bone morphogenesis and remolding. Neutrality tests indicate that a model allowing for a selective sweep in the highly conserved COL27A1 gene best explains variation in beak length. We also identify two nonsynonymous fixed mutations in the collagen domain that are predicted to be functionally deleterious yet may have facilitated beak elongation. Our study provides evidence of adaptive alleles in COL27A1 with major effects on beak elongation of Ps. humilis.

Response of phosphorus fractions to land-use change followed by long-term fertilization in a sub-alpine humid soil of Qinghai–Tibet plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Sun ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Marios Drosos ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Lentzea tibetensis sp. nov., a novel Actinobacterium with antimicrobial activity isolated from soil of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Huang ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Pr China ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

A novel filamentous Actinobacterium, designated strain FXJ1.1311T, was isolated from soil collected in Ngari (Ali) Prefecture, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western PR China. The strain showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Fusarium oxysporum. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FXJ1.1311T belonged to the genus Lentzea and showed the highest sequence similarity to Lentzea guizhouensis DHS C013T (98.04%). Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics supported its assignment to the genus Lentzea . The genome-wide average nucleotide identity between strain FXJ1.1311T and L. guizhouensis DHS C013T as well as other Lentzea type strains was <82.2 %. Strain FXJ1.1311T also formed a monophyletic line distinct from the known Lentzea species in the phylogenomic tree. In addition, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics allowed phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from L. guizhouensis . Based on the evidence presented here, strain FXJ1.1311T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea , for which the name Lentzea tibetensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FXJ1.1311T (=CGMCC 4.7383T=DSM 104975T).

scholarly journals A complex multi-locus, multi-allelic genetic architecture underlying the long-term selection-response in the Virginia body weight line of chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Zan ◽  
Zheya Sheng ◽  
Lars Rönnegård ◽  
Christa F. Honaker ◽  
Paul B. Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Selection Responses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

AbstractThe ability of a population to adapt to changes in their living conditions, whether in nature or captivity, often depends on polymorphisms in multiple genes across the genome. In-depth studies of such polygenic adaptations are difficult in natural populations, but can be approached using the resources provided by artificial selection experiments. Here, we dissect the genetic mechanisms involved in long-term selection responses of the Virginia chicken lines, populations that after 40 generations of divergent selection for 56-day body weight display a nine-fold difference in the selected trait. In the F15 generation of an intercross between the divergent lines, 20 loci explained more than 60% of the additive genetic variance for the selected trait. We focused particularly on seven major QTL and found that only two fine-mapped to single, bi-allelic loci; the other five contained linked loci, multiple alleles or were epistatic. This detailed dissection of the polygenic adaptations in the Virginia lines provides a deeper understanding of genome-wide mechanisms involved in the long-term selection responses. The results illustrate that long-term selection responses, even from populations with a limited genetic diversity, can be polygenic and influenced by a range of genetic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Atmospheric Dustfall and Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and Environmental Significance in Xining City

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Qiang Peng ◽  
Yongjuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Central City ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Dust Fall ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Magnetic susceptibility is an important means to quickly and economically monitor the enrichment of surrounding environmental elements. As a regional central city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the relationship between atmospheric dust magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in Xining area is relatively lacking. In this paper, the magnetic susceptibility and geochemical element content of the collected dust samples, loess samples, surface soil samples and soil profile samples obtained through long-term observations are analyzed. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility of the dust-fall samples is the highest, the soil samples are the second, and the loess samples are the lowest; the magnetic susceptibility of the dust-fall samples in Xining City has a significant correlation with the elements Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg, and the magnetic susceptibility can be used as an indicator of heavy metal in the soil; the elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As in the soil profile are enriched at 20 cm or 30 cm, which is related to the leaching of surface elements.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on the Long-Term Structural Stability of Ventilation Ducts in Cold Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Zhikui Liu ◽  
Yinghong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Ventilation Ducts ◽  
Induced Stresses ◽  
Fixed End ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The construction of roadways in permafrost regions modifies ground-surface conditions and consequently, negatively varies thermal stability of the underlying frozen soils. To avoid the thawing of the permafrost layer under the scenario of global warming, roadways are usually laid on a built-up embankment, which not only disperses the traffic loads to underlying layers but also minimize the thermal disturbance. In the embankment, duct ventilation, or called air duct, can be embedded to further cool the underlying permafrost. While the thermal performance of duct ventilations has been well documented, the long-term structural stability of duct ventilation remains unknown. This study examines the structural stress of ventilation ducts that are placed in harsh weather such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The ducts are currently buried in the embankment filler, with the wind-outlet and -inlet ends exposed and cantilevered out of the embankment. Field studies found that the exposed parts have plagued cracking and even failures, especially at the fixed end of the cantilevered part. Damages of these concrete ducts are attributed to cyclic freezing-thawing attack, thermally-induced stresses, moisture-induced stresses, and concrete swelling. These physical attacks are caused by the harsh weather in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. It is recommended to insulate the exposed part of the ducts and to fabricate durable and dense concrete ducts.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Adaptation to Cold and Drought Stresses in Poa crymophila Keng Revealed by Integrative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xin-Yu Li ◽  
Cai-Xia Li ◽  
Yuan He ◽  
Xin-Yi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Myb Gene ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Poa crymophila Keng is highly adaptable to long-term low temperature and drought conditions, making it a desirable foraging grass of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here, the widely targeted metabolomics and comparative transcriptome analyses were utilized for the discovery of metabolites and genes in P. crymophila in response to cold and drought stresses. P. crymophila were exposed to −5°C for 24 h and recovered to 22°C for 48 h, as well as drought for 10 days followed by re-watering for 1 day. In total, 779 metabolic features were assigned to metabolites and 167,845 unigenes were generated. Seventeen compounds showed significant up-regulation (variable importance in project &gt;1) under both stresses in the metabolic profiling, mainly annotated as carbohydrates, flavones, and phenylpropanoids. The genes which were positively correlated with these metabolites were assigned to pathways (sucrose-starch, raffinose, phenylpropanoid, and flavone metabolism) using the Mapman software package. Alpha-amylase, beta-fructofuranosidase, and sugar transport genes degraded the glucose and starch to small molecule sugars for the purpose of osmotic adjustment and to provide more energy for the growth of P. crymophila in an adverse environment. The induction of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and the MYB gene as well as the sharp increase in schizandrin, a kind of lignan, showed that this likely has the closest connection with the tolerance to both stresses. Four significantly induced flavone compounds are probably involved in reducing oxidative damage. Our results indicated that activation of the phenlypropanoid pathway plays the primary role in P. crymophila adapting to harsh environments. This study showed the mechanism of P. crymophila responding to both cold and drought stresses and showed the discovery of a new biological regulator against stresses.

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