scholarly journals Anthropogenic Effects on the Fouling Community: Impacts of Biological Invasions and Anthropogenic Structures on Community Structure

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney McClees
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Community Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Structures

scholarly journals Parasites that change predator or prey behaviour can have keystone effects on community composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20130879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Hatcher ◽  
Jaimie T. A. Dick ◽  
Alison M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Population Interactions

Parasites play pivotal roles in structuring communities, often via indirect interactions with non-host species. These effects can be density-mediated (through mortality) or trait-mediated (behavioural, physiological and developmental), and may be crucial to population interactions, including biological invasions. For instance, parasitism can alter intraguild predation (IGP) between native and invasive crustaceans, reversing invasion outcomes. Here, we use mathematical models to examine how parasite-induced trait changes influence the population dynamics of hosts that interact via IGP. We show that trait-mediated indirect interactions impart keystone effects, promoting or inhibiting host coexistence. Parasites can thus have strong ecological impacts, even if they have negligible virulence, underscoring the need to consider trait-mediated effects when predicting effects of parasites on community structure in general and biological invasions in particular.

Succession, space and coral recruitment in a subtropical fouling community

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. L. Fairfull ◽  
V. J. Harriott
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Marine Community

Patterns of recruitment and succession on ceramic settlement panels were examined in a subtidal marine community in eastern Australia to determine whether competition for settlement space with temperate biota was a factor potentially limiting the development of coral communities in a subtropical location. Replicate settlement panels were installed at Split Solitary Island (30˚S) in November 1992 and were destructively sampled after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 16 and 29 months. Species richness and community structure data were analysed by non-parametric multivariate analysis. Space on panel surfaces was rapidly occupied; the upper surfaces by algae and the lower surfaces by bryozoans, ascidians and sponges, with a divergence of community structure over time. Of the 228 coral recruits identified on the panels, 98% were recorded on the upper surface of panels, in contrast to studies at most tropical sites where corals recruit predominantly to lower surfaces. Owing to the rapid settlement of other biota, free space for coral settlement was limited and this may account for the low coral recruitment rate recorded. High post-settlement mortality (>94%) of coral recruits over a 3-month period indicated the significance of post-settlement factors in accounting for low recruitment in settlement-panel studies.

Field-based experimental acidification alters fouling community structure and reduces diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1328-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah E. M. Brown ◽  
Thomas W. Therriault ◽  
Christopher D. G. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fouling Community ◽  
Experimental Acidification

Experimental Study of the Impacts of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) on Pond Community Structure

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. David Hambright ◽  
Robert J. Trebatoski ◽  
Ray W. Drenner ◽  
Dean Kettle
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Daphnia Pulicaria ◽  
Community Impacts ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Reticulata ◽  
Experimental Pond

We examined community impacts of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a summer experimental pond study of factorial design with four treatment combinations (fishless, bluegill, largemouth bass, and bluegill with largemouth bass). Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Daphnia pulicaria, Chaoborus sp., Volvox sp., anisopteran and zygopteran nymphs, and dissolved oxygen levels were suppressed in the presence of bluegill. Diaptomus sp., Conochiloides sp., Cyclotellas sp., Navicula sp., Oocystis sp., Anabaena sp., Ceratium sp., algal fluorescence, turbidity, 5- to 12.7-μm particles, and total phosphorus and total nitrogen were enhanced in the presence of bluegill. Daphnia pulicaria was enhanced and Cyclotella sp. and Oocystis sp. were suppressed in the presence of largemouth bass. Although the effects of the two fish were not independent, as indicated by significant bluegill × largemouth bass interactions for some plankton taxa, we found little evidence of bluegill impacts being reversed by largemouth bass. While total bluegill biomass was reduced and bluegill biomass distributions were shifted toward larger individuals, bluegill remained abundant in the presence of largemouth bass.

scholarly journals MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 407-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Pyšek ◽  
Sven Bacher ◽  
Ingolf Kühn ◽  
Ana Novoa ◽  
Jane A. Catford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Context Dependence ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Macroecology is the study of patterns, and the processes that determine those patterns, in the distribution and abundance of organisms at large scales, whether they be spatial (from hundreds of kilometres to global), temporal (from decades to centuries), and organismal (numbers of species or higher taxa). In the context of invasion ecology, macroecological studies include, for example, analyses of the richness, diversity, distribution, and abundance of alien species in regional floras and faunas, spatio-temporal dynamics of alien species across regions, and cross-taxonomic analyses of species traits among comparable native and alien species pools. However, macroecological studies aiming to explain and predict plant and animal naturalisations and invasions, and the resulting impacts, have, to date, rarely considered the joint effects of species traits, environment, and socioeconomic characteristics. To address this, we present the MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA). The MAFIA explains the invasion phenomenon using three interacting classes of factors – alien species traits, location characteristics, and factors related to introduction events – and explicitly maps these interactions onto the invasion sequence from transport to naturalisation to invasion. The framework therefore helps both to identify how anthropogenic effects interact with species traits and environmental characteristics to determine observed patterns in alien distribution, abundance, and richness; and to clarify why neglecting anthropogenic effects can generate spurious conclusions. Event-related factors include propagule pressure, colonisation pressure, and residence time that are important for mediating the outcome of invasion processes. However, because of context dependence, they can bias analyses, for example those that seek to elucidate the role of alien species traits. In the same vein, failure to recognise and explicitly incorporate interactions among the main factors impedes our understanding of which macroecological invasion patterns are shaped by the environment, and of the importance of interactions between the species and their environment. The MAFIA is based largely on insights from studies of plants and birds, but we believe it can be applied to all taxa, and hope that it will stimulate comparative research on other groups and environments. By making the biases in macroecological analyses of biological invasions explicit, the MAFIA offers an opportunity to guide assessments of the context dependence of invasions at broad geographical scales.

An Experimental Study of the Plankton Community Impacts of Two Omnivorous Filter-Feeding Cichlids, Tilapia galilaea and Tilapia aurea

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Vinyard ◽  
Ray W. Drenner ◽  
Moshe Gophen ◽  
Utsa Pollingher ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Community Impacts ◽  
Peridinium Cinctum ◽  
Plankton Community Structure

We conducted laboratory selective grazing experiments and outdoor mesocosm experiments assessing impacts of two cichlids, Tilapia galilaea and Tilapia aurea, on plankton from Lake Kinneret, Israel. Laboratory feeding rates of both fish increased for larger particles, reaching maximum values for zooplankton and Peridinium cinctum. Tilapia galilaea had higher feeding rates on Peridinium elpatiewsky and on intermediate-sized nanoplankton. Outdoor mesocosm experiments examining fish impacts on plankton community structure included two 21-d spring and summer experiments of replicated 2 × 2 factorial design (T. galilaea × T. aurea). Both fish suppressed crustaceans and rotifers. In the spring, fish also suppressed chlorophyll concentration and the dominant phytoplankter P. cinctum. In the summer, when nanoplankton dominated the phytoplankton and the smaller P. elpatiewsky was the most abundant dinoflagellate, only T. galilaea suppressed Peridinium spp., while presence of T. aurea was associated with increased chlorophyll concentration. Overall, T. galilaea suppressed more and enhanced fewer nanoplankton taxa than did T. aurea. Production of each fish species was lowest when both species were together, suggesting potential competition for plankton resources.

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