scholarly journals Systematic analysis of nuclear gene function in respiratory growth and expression of the mitochondrial genome in S. cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 234-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stenger ◽  
Duc Tung Le ◽  
Till Klecker ◽  
Benedikt Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Growth

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone action in mitochondria

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wrutniak-Cabello ◽  
F Casas ◽  
G Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Stimulation Of

Triiodothyronine (T3) is considered a major regulator of mitochondrial activity. In this review, we show evidence of the existence of a direct T3 mitochondrial pathway, and try to clarify the respective importance of the nuclear and mitochondrial pathways for organelle activity. Numerous studies have reported short-term and delayed T3 stimulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Convincing data indicate that an early influence occurs through an extra-nuclear mechanism insensitive to inhibitors of protein synthesis. Although it has been shown that diiodothyronines could actually be T3 mediators of this short-term influence, the detection of specific T3-binding sites, probably corresponding to a 28 kDa c-Erb Aalpha1 protein of the inner membrane, also supports a direct T3 influence. The more delayed influence of thyroid hormone upon mitochondrial respiration probably results from mechanisms elicited at the nuclear level, including changes in phospholipid turnover and stimulation of uncoupling protein expression, leading to an increased inner membrane proton leak. However, the involvement of a direct mitochondrial T3 pathway leading to a rapid stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis has to be considered. Both pathways are obviously involved in the T3 stimulation of mitochondrial genome transcription. First, a 43 kDa c-Erb Aalpha1 protein located in the mitochondrial matrix (p43), acting as a potent T3-dependent transcription factor of the mitochondrial genome, induces early stimulation of organelle transcription. In addition, T3 increases mitochondrial TFA expression, a mitochondrial transcription factor encoded by a nuclear gene. Similarly, the stimulation of mitochondriogenesis by thyroid hormone probably involves both pathways. In particular, the c-erb Aalpha gene simultaneously encodes a nuclear and a mitochondrial T3 receptor (p43), thus ensuring coordination of the expression of the mitochondrial genome and of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. Recent studies concerning the physiological importance of the direct mitochondrial T3 pathway involving p43 led to the conclusion that it is not only involved in the regulation of fuel metabolism, but also in the regulation of cell differentiation. As the processes leading to or resulting from differentiation are energy-consuming, p43 coordination of metabolism and differentiation could be of significant importance in the regulation of development.

scholarly journals Recurrent replacement of mtDNA and cryptic hybridization between two sibling bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1605) ◽  
pp. 3101-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Berthier ◽  
Laurent Excoffier ◽  
Manuel Ruedi
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
Variable Segment ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Well Differentiated

The two sibling bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii occur in sympatry over wide areas of Southern and Central Europe. Morphological, ecological and previous genetic evidences supported the view that the two species constitute two well-differentiated groups, but recent phylogenetic analyses have shown that the two species shared some mtDNA haplotypes when they occurred in sympatry. In order to see whether some genetic exchange occurred between the two species, we sequenced a highly variable segment of the mitochondrial control region in both species living in sympatry and in allopatry. We also analysed the nuclear diversity of 160 individuals of both species found in two mixed nursery colonies located north and south of the Alps. MtDNA analysis confirmed that European M. blythii share multiple, identical or very similar haplotypes with M. myotis . Since allopatric Asian M. blythii presents mtDNA sequences that are very divergent from those of the two species found in Europe, we postulate that the mitochondrial genome of the European M. blythii has been replaced by that of M. myotis . The analysis of nuclear diversity shows a strikingly different pattern, as both species are well differentiated within mixed nursery colonies ( F ST =0.18). However, a Bayesian analysis of admixture reveals that the hybrids can be frequently observed, as about 25% of sampled M. blythii show introgressed genes of M. myotis origin. Contrastingly, less than 4% of the M. myotis analysed were classified as non-parental genotypes, revealing an asymmetry in the pattern of hybridization between the two species. These results show that the two species can interbreed and that the hybridization is still ongoing in the areas of sympatry. The persistence of well-differentiated nuclear gene pools, in spite of an apparent replacement of mitochondrial genome in European M. blythii by that of M. myotis , is best explained by a series of introgression events having occurred repeatedly during the recent colonization of Europe by M. blythii from Asia. The sharp contrast obtained from the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear markers further points to the need to cautiously interpret results based on a single class of genetic markers.

scholarly journals Unusual mitochondrial genome organization in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean and the nature of cytoplasmic reversion to fertility.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Janska ◽  
S A Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Fertile Revertant

Abstract Spontaneous reversion to pollen fertility and fertility restoration by the nuclear gene Fr in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are associated with the loss of a large portion of the mitochondrial genome. To understand better the molecular events responsible for this DNA loss, we have constructed a physical map of the mitochondrial genome of a stable fertile revertant line, WPR-3, and the cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS-Sprite) from which it was derived. This involved a cosmid clone walking strategy with comparative DNA gel blot hybridizations. Mapping data suggested that the simplest model for the structure of the CMS-Sprite genome consists of three autonomous chromosomes differing only in short, unique regions. The unique region contained on one of these chromosomes is the male sterility-associated 3-kb sequence designated pvs. Based on genomic environments surrounding repeated sequences, we predict that chromosomes can undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. The mitochondrial genome of the revertant line appeared to contain only two of the three chromosomes; the region containing the pvs sequence was absent. Therefore, the process of spontaneous cytoplasmic reversion to fertility likely involves the disappearance of an entire mitochondrial chromosome. This model is supported by the fact that we detected no evidence of recombination, excision or deletion events within the revertant genome that could account for the loss of a large segment of mitochondrial DNA.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genome sequencing of marine leukemias reveals cancer contagion between clam species in the Seas of Southern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garcia-Souto ◽  
Alicia L. Bruzos ◽  
Seila Diaz ◽  
Sara Rocha ◽  
Ana Pequeño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

ABSTRACTClonally transmissible cancers are tumour lineages that are transmitted between individuals via the transfer of living cancer cells. In marine bivalves, leukemia-like transmissible cancers, called hemic neoplasia, have demonstrated the ability to infect individuals from different species. We performed whole-genome sequencing in eight warty venus clams that were diagnosed with hemic neoplasia, from two sampling points located more than 1,000 nautical miles away in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Coasts of Spain. Mitochondrial genome sequencing analysis in tumour tissues from neoplastic animals revealed the coexistence of haplotypes from two different clam species. Phylogenies estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear markers confirmed this leukemia originated in striped venus clams and later transmitted to clams of the species warty venus, in which it survives as a contagious cancer. The analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences supports all studied tumours belong to a single neoplastic lineage that spreads in the Seas of Southern Europe.

A new family of yeast vectors and S288C-derived strains for the systematic analysis of gene function

Yeast ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Tomlin ◽  
Joanne L. Wixon ◽  
Monique Bolotin-Fukuhara ◽  
Stephen G. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
New Family ◽  
Yeast Vectors

scholarly journals Influence of the nuclear gene tmp3 on the loss of mitochondrial genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zelikson ◽  
M Luzzati
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Specific Loss

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae tmp3 mutant is deficient in the mitochondrial enzyme complex that participates in the formation of one-carbon-group-tetrahydrofolate coenzymes, serine transhydroxymethylase, dihydrofolate reductase, and thymidylate synthetase, thus leading to multiple nutritional requirements of dTMP, adenine, histidine, and methionine. The tmp3 mutant quickly loses its mitochondrial genome even when grown on fully supplemented medium or on a high concentration of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate, which replaces all the four requirements. A study of the loss of the mitochondrial genome by following several mitochondrial genetic markers showed that there was a preferential specific loss of a large region of the mitochondrial genome, covering mit ts983, Er, Cr, and mit ts982 up to OrI, and retention of the region of Pr and mit tscs1297. A kinetic study showed that there was a preferentially rapid loss of the region covering the mit+ alleles ts983 to tscs902 at the rate of 10% per generation.

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