Modulation of instinal microbiom in the formation and progression of ulterative colitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
G. R. Bikbavova ◽  
M. A. Livzan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Post Industrial

In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis has been observed throughout the world. The purpose of this review is to generalize the available information on the influence of environmental factors and intestinal microbiome on the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis, the role of bacteria metabolism products in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studied literature, we came to the conclusion that lifestyle in the era of post-industrial society has a significant impact on the microbial composition of the intestine and leads to changes in its diversity in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. The changes include a decrease in the number of residential flora with anti-inflammatory activity, which synthesize short-chain fatty acids, and an increase in the number of potentially pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. Within the phylums Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the proportional ratio changes. The combination of aggression factors (deterioration of the intestinal microbiome composition, the presence of aggressive intestinal metabolites) leads to intestinal mucosa permeability disfunction, impairing its barrier function. Food and bacterial agents can penetrate deeper layers of the intestinal wall through mucosal defects, which then stimulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses.

scholarly journals Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Toumi Ryma ◽  
Arezki Samer ◽  
Imene Soufli ◽  
Hayet Rafa ◽  
Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of complex disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs include two main forms: Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), which share similar clinical symptoms but differ in the anatomical distribution of the inflammatory lesions. The etiology of IBDs is undetermined. Several hypotheses suggest that Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis result from an abnormal immune response against endogenous flora and luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. While there is no cure for IBDs, most common treatments (medication and surgery) aim to reduce inflammation and help patients to achieve remission. There is growing evidence and focus on the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of probiotics in IBDs. Probiotics are live microorganisms that regulate the mucosal immune system, the gut microbiota and the production of active metabolites such as Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). This review will focus on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the immunopathogenesis of IBDs and understanding the health-promoting effects of probiotics and their metabolites.

THE ROLE OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES IN THE MODERN CANADA. IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE GROWING OR FALLING?

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Komarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article reveals an evolution of political ideologies in Canada in 1993–2019. Following the Russian and foreign historiography, as well as the election programs of Conservatives and Liberals, the author analyzes the influence of political ideologies on the voting of Canadian voters in parliamentary elections in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Canada is still a country committed to political ideologies. He also considers as unacceptable the thesis about an absence of ideologies in Canada within the existing post-industrial society. The author believes that the model for political development of Canada, laid down in the second half of the 19th century by the founders of the state, is still effective at the present time. In a post-industrial society, Canada clearly follows national traditions based on previously developed political ideologies. That is what constitutes the foundation for the rule-of-law state and civil society in Canada. The author emphasizes that, despite the activities of other political movements, conservative and liberal ideologies represent the leading directions of the state development in Canada. Other political ideologies, like social democracy, are largely secondary and do not determine the present and future of the Canadian state.

scholarly journals The Role of Values in Social Change: An Analysis from The Qur’ānic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Means Of Production

In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society.  It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.

scholarly journals Antibiotics in early life and childhood pre-B-ALL. Reasons to analyze a possible new piece in the puzzle

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Cardesa-Salzmann ◽  
A. Simon ◽  
N. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Host Immune Responses

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer with precursor B-cell ALL (pB-ALL) accounting for ~ 85% of the cases. Childhood pB-ALL development is influenced by genetic susceptibility and host immune responses. The role of the intestinal microbiome in leukemogenesis is gaining increasing attention since Vicente-Dueñas’ seminal work demonstrated that the gut microbiome is distinct in mice genetically predisposed to ALL and that the alteration of this microbiome by antibiotics is able to trigger pB-ALL in Pax5 heterozygous mice in the absence of infectious stimuli. In this review we provide an overview on novel insights on the role of the microbiome in normal and preleukemic hematopoiesis, inflammation, the effect of dysbiosis on hematopoietic stem cells and the emerging importance of the innate immune responses in the conversion from preleukemic to leukemic state in childhood ALL. Since antibiotics, which represent one of the most widely used medical interventions, alter the gut microbial composition and can cause a state of dysbiosis, this raises exciting epidemiological questions regarding the implications for antibiotic use in early life, especially in infants with a a preleukemic “first hit”. Sheading light through a rigorous study on this piece of the puzzle may have broad implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals IN THE TRAJECTORY OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE YEARS OF THE “KHRUSHCHEV’S DECADE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Vodichev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
General Line ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Technical Complex ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.

The Evolving Role of Filial Piety in Eldercare in Hong Kong

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odalia Wong ◽  
Beatrice Chau
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Filial Behavior

AbstractIn our study, we examine how prevalent the notion of filial piety remains in a modern Chinese society like Hong Kong as an initiative for individuals to become caregivers for their parents, and how it is practiced in actual caregiving scenarios. From the experiences of the caregivers analyzed in our paper, it can be seen that the Confucian notion of filial piety as a cultural norm still runs deep even in a post-industrial society like Hong Kong. However, the respondents in our study have adopted aspects of this filial norm to suit their own experiences and actual circumstances in their everyday caregiving practices. We also found that a relational approach to filial behavior with its emphasis on 'felt obligation' seemed to offer an apt interpretation of the respondents' motivations while engaging in caregiving for their parents. Specifically, caregiver obligations are negotiated commitments that can perhaps only be accurately interpreted in their highly personal family contexts. In addition, the notion of reciprocity, or giving back to one's parents, was also a prevalent factor, which reflected that emotional bonds binding the parents and children remained important, as was the empathy for elderly parents.

SMALL BUSINESS: ILLUSIONS AND REALITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301-2312
Author(s):  
S.V. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Industrial

In post-industrial society, there is an increase in the role of small business as an integral element of the reproduction process. The activities of small and medium-sized businesses in our country are carried out on the basis of the established global trends. Difficulties in the dynamics of this sphere are formed under the influence of increased concentration of production and consolidation of enterprises, which gives rise to a number of problems and contradictions. Considering small business as the most important component of the market economy, its role in solving the problems of creating a competitive environment and ensuring employment should be noted. The scientific literature on the problem under consideration shows the versatility in the authors’ views of the small business role in economic development. This problem is disclosed in sufficient detail in the works of foreign authors (M Weber, J. Gelbraith, P. Drucker, W. Sombart, R. Cantillon, R Coase, J. Keynes, K. Marx, A. Marshall, L. Mises, A. Smith, J. Schumpeter and others). In Russia, L. Abalkin, A. Anchishkin, K. Bazhenov, S. Witte, V. Inozemtsev, M. Lapusta, L. Slutsky, P. Stolypin, M. Tugan-Baranovsky, A. Chayanov and etc. considered this problem. The article reveals the role of small business in the Russian economy, as well as the problems and contradictions of its functioning. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the current trends, the problems, efficiency and significance of small business are identified. Research has shown that the role of small businesses is greatly exaggerated. Small business development acts as a factor in reducing unemployment. In the process of economic activity, a number of problems arise that the enterprises themselves cannot solve. A set of measures is required to support this activity and overcome the crisis. It is important that small and medium-sized enterprises can form their own accumulation fund, which can be used to adapt in the face of stagnation, which will increase the size of the labor force and labor productivity. The crisis of small and medium-sized businesses leads to a multiplier effect in the economy, which reduces the volume of GDP. As a result of the “concentration of capital” among large producers, smallscale production becomes unproductive and unprofitable. The opportunities for obtaining loans from small businesses are very limited. Modern high-tech productive equipment is not available to most. In many enterprises, there is no separation in order to save financial resources on wages. The social security of employees is low. The prosperity of any country in a post-industrial society depends on big business; small business is only an auxiliary sphere of activity. Relying on small business, it is impossible to improve the quality of life, to ensure economic growth and national security. The results of the study can be used in determining the strategic guidelines of economic policy and choosing development priorities.

The Challenges of Sustainable Business Development in the Post-Industrial Society in the First Half of the 21st Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasja Roblek ◽  
Ivan Erenda ◽  
Maja Meško
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Post Industrial

The purpose of the chapter is to find out the meaning of the sustainable development in the post-industrial society in the first half of the 21st century. The financial crisis that started in 2008 is an indicator of how short-term profitability mindsets and related strategies, policies and actions of individuals and individual organizations can cause global economic, ecological and ethical crises. These events have contributed to the judgement that most organizations operate on business models that are not sustainable. The conceptual content contributes to the ongoing discussion about the increasingly important role of sustainable development as a major concern for the profit and non-profit sector that wish to develop the policies that will enable low but sustainable growth of society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document