Inhaltsstoffe des bovinen Kolostrums – eine Übersicht

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Michael Bülte ◽  
Zdzislaw Gajewski ◽  
Axel Wehrend ◽  
Sebastian Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Biologische Aktivität ◽  
Immunologisches Gedächtnis ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

ZusammenfassungDie am besten untersuchten Inhaltsstoffe des Kolostrums sind die Immunglobuline. Sie werden über Pinozytose im Dünndarm des Neonaten aufgenommen. Eine rezeptorvermittelte Aufnahme über den Fc-Rezeptor ist beim Kalb nicht von derartiger Bedeutung wie bei anderen Spezies, doch spielt dieser Rezeptor eine zentrale Rolle beim Transport der Immunglobuline aus dem Blut in das Euter und damit in das Kolostrum. Durch diesen rezeptorvermittelten Transport werden in der Phase der Kolostrogenese, die ca. 8 Wochen ante partum einsetzt, bis zu 500 g Immunglobuline pro Tag transferiert. Auch andere Inhaltsstoffe des Kolostrums entfalten eine biologische Aktivität. So beeinflussen diverse Wachstumsfaktoren, wie IGF-1, EGF oder TGF, die Proliferation und Ausdifferenzierung von Darmepithelzellen des Neonaten und hierdurch die Ausreifung des Magen-Darm-Trakts. Im Euter wirken sie bei den Umbauprozessen des Epithels mit und unterstützen den maternalen Organismus bei der Adaption an die verschiedenen Laktationsstadien. Mit dem Kolostrum übertragene Leukozyten besitzen ein immunologisches Gedächtnis und können im Organismus des Neonaten direkt kompetente zelluläre Immunantworten gegen Krankheitserreger induzieren, mit denen sich das Muttertier auseinandergesetzt hat. Sie werden über zelluläre Migration im proximalen Dünndarm des Neonaten aufgenommen und gelangen so in die Zirkulation. Kolostrale Enzyme besitzen zum einen diagnostischen Wert zur Beurteilung einer ausreichenden Kolostrumversorgung des Kalbes (z. B. γ-Glutamyl-Transferase) zum anderen unspezifisches antimikrobielles Potenzial (z. B. Laktatperoxidase, Laktoferrin, Lysozyme). Die im Kolostrum enthaltenen Vitamine, Fette, Proteine sowie Mengen- und Spurenelemente sind für den Neonaten in den ersten Stunden post natum als essenzielle Nährstoffquellen von außerordentlicher Bedeutung, da sich die Anforderungen an den Organismus von präzu postnatal sehr stark ändern. Des Weiteren finden sich im Erstkolostrum Hormone, deren genaue Bedeutung für das neugeborene Kalb zum größten Teil noch nicht bekannt ist.

Referenzwerte blutchemischer Parameter bei Meerschweinchen bestimmt mit dem Vettest® 8008

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Alkalische Phosphatase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand: Die Studie präsentiert Referenzbereiche für ein praxisübliches Trockenchemiegerät (Vettest® 8008), die bei als Heimtiere gehaltenen Meerschweinchen ermittelt wurden. Material und Methoden: Bei den Probanden handelte es sich um 58 klinisch gesunde Meerschweinchen im Alter zwischen 8 Wochen und 5 Jahren (24 männlich, 34 weiblich). Die Plasmaproben wurden routinemäßig für die Untersuchung im Vettest® 8008 aufgearbeitet und auf 20 Parameter (s. u.) untersucht. Zur Ermittlung der Referenzwerte wurden mittels SPSS Statistics 17.0 (IBM®) die 2,5%- und 97,5%-Perzentile bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Folgende Referenzwerte wurden ermittelt: 1) Enzyme: alkalische Phosphatase: 50,80–328,10 U/l; Alaninaminotransferase: 41,45 bis 165,35 U/l; Amylase: 726,93–1831,55 U/l; Aspartataminotransferase: 25,25–349,23 U/l; Kreatinkinase: 66,13–1255,40 U/l, γ-Glutamyl- Transferase: 0,45–90,75 U/l; Laktatdehydrogenase: 5,61–1503,00 U/l, Lipase: keine messbare Aktivität. 2) Substrate: Albumin: 17,45 bis 31,65 g/l; Ammoniak: 4,80–225,30 mmol/l; Cholesterin: 0,0 bis 2,06 mmol/l; Kreatinin: 23,90–73,45 μmol/l; Gesamtbilirubin: 2,00 bis 17,60 μmol/l; Gesamteiweiß: 50,00–70,85 g/l; Glukose: 4,62 bis 19,55 mmol/l; Harnstoff-Stickstoff: 2,04–11,28 mmol/l; Triglyzeride: 0,46–4,23 mmol/l. Die Globuline wurden vom Gerät rechnerisch ermittelt: 30,43–42,00 g/l. 3) Elektrolyte: anorganisches Phosphat: 0,72 bis 2,12 mmol/l, Kalzium: 2,58–3,16 mmol/l; Magnesium: 0,72 bis 1,60 mmol/l. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Vergleich mit Angaben aus der Literatur zeigt Abweichungen der Studien untereinander und von der vorliegenden Arbeit. Daraus ist die Schlussfolgerung zu ziehen, dass Referenzwerte unterschiedlicher Untersuchungsverfahren nicht unkritisch für das tierärztliche Sofortlabor übernommen werden können und zur Interpretation von Blutbefunden eigene Referenzwerte für die einzelnen Gerätetypen notwendig sind. Mögliche Ursachen für die Abweichungen könnten in unentdeckten subklinischen Erkrankungen sowie chemischer oder statistischer Methodik liegen.

Relation between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Hepatic Enzyme Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bruckert ◽  
A Ankri ◽  
P Glral ◽  
G Turpin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a key determinant of the fibrinolytic capacity. Its activity correlates with most of the characteristic features of insulin resistance syndrome, i. e. obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia.We measured plasma PAI-1 antigen levels in 131 asymptomatic men (aged 44.2 ± 11 years) who had been referred for hyperlipidemia. Those taking medication and those with a secondary hyperlipidemia were excluded.We confirmed the correlation between PAI-1 levels and the following variables: body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride concentration, and blood glucose and insulin levels before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. We also found a significant and independent correlation between PAI-1 and the concentration of the hepatic enzymes glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.Mild liver abnormalities (presumably steatosis) may thus be one of the factors accounting for high plasma PAI-1 levels in hyperlipidemic patients.

Recovery from LCDD-associated Severe Liver Cholestasis: a Case Report and Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Brilland ◽  
Johnny Sayegh ◽  
Anne Croue ◽  
Frank Bridoux ◽  
Jean-François Subra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Light Chain Deposition Disease ◽  
Deposition Disease ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
Light Chain Deposition ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare multisystemic disorder associated with plasma cell proliferation. It mainly affects the kidney, but liver and heart involvement may occur, sometimes mimicking the picture of systemic amyloidosis. Liver disease in LCDD is usually asymptomatic and exceptionally manifests with severe cholestatic hepatitis. We report the case of a 66-year-old female with κ-LCDD and cast nephropathy in the setting of symptomatic multiple myeloma who, after a first cycle of bortezomib-dexamethasone chemotherapy, developed severe and rapidly worsening intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to liver κ-light chain deposition. Intrahepatic cholestasis was attributed to LCDD on the basis of the liver histology and exclusion of possible diagnoses. Chemotherapy was maintained and resulted in progressive resolution of cholestasis. We report here an uncommon presentation of LCDD, with prominent liver involvement that fully recovered with bortezomib-based chemotherapy, and briefly review the relevant literature. Abbreviations: AKI: Acute kidney injury; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; EBV: Epstein–Barr virus; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HSV: Herpes simplex virus; LC: light chain; LCDD: Light chain deposition disease; MIDD: Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease; MM: Multiple myeloma.

Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dromedary Camel during the Different Stages of Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Objective: To assess the potential hematobiochemical alterations in healthy dromedary camel during the different stages of lactation. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Fifteen healthy female dromedary camels, with mean body weight of 499.6 kg and mean age of 20 years. Procedures: Camels were categorized into 3 groups' according to their stage of lactation: group 1, early lactation (1-3 months), group 2, mid-lactation (four-6 months) and group3, late lactation (≥ 7 months). Blood samples were collected from every animals for hematological and biochemical evaluation. Results: Total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total leukocytes (TLC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Calcium, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) confirmed significant (p < 0.05) variation between different stages of lactation. However, non-notable (p > 0.05) dissimilarity were located in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), in organic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumen, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kinase (CK) in the course of different ranges of lactation, Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results of this investigation may be useful as reference guide for dromedary camel to evaluate the metabolic health status at different stages of lactation.

Interactions Between Dental Composite Resins and Saliva A comparative biochemical in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Mihaela Pantea ◽  
Diana Andreea Ighigeanu ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Maria Greabu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Dental Composite Resins ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

This in vitro study analyses the biochemical interaction between saliva and three types of dental composite resins (a direct resin, an indirect resin and a dual-cure resin used for cementation of indirect dental restorations). The resin samples were obtained following a specific protocol and in line with the producers� recommendations; the resin samples were incubated with saliva samples collected from 19 healthy volunteers. The obtained results showed that the tested composite resins did not produce significant changes in oxidative stress parameters that were analysed (albumin, uric acid, GGT / gamma glutamyl transferase, OXSR-1 / oxidative stress responsive kinase 1) and do not influence the inflammatory salivary status reflected by the levels of IL-6 - an inflammatory marker.

scholarly journals Biochemical abnormalities in COVID-19: a comparison of white versus ethnic minority populations in the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2021-207446
Author(s):  
David R Taylor ◽  
Devon Buchanan ◽  
Wiaam Al-Hasani ◽  
Jessica Kearney ◽  
Tina Mazaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Ethnic Minority Population ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AimsPublic Health England has identified that in COVID-19, death rates among ethnic minorities far exceeds that of the white population. While the increase in ethnic minorities is likely to be multifactorial, to date, no studies have looked to see whether values for routine clinical biochemistry parameters differ between ethnic minority and white individuals.MethodsBaseline biochemical data for 22 common tests from 311 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presenting to hospital in April 2020 in whom ethnicity data were available was retrospectively collected and evaluated. Data comparisons between ethnic minority and white groups were made for all patient data and for the subset of patients subsequently admitted to intensive care.ResultsWhen all patient data were considered, the ethnic minority population had statistically significant higher concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, while troponin T was higher in the white group. A greater proportion of ethnic minority patients were subsequently admitted to intensive care, but when the presenting biochemistry of this subset of patients was compared, no significant differences were observed between ethnic minority and white groups.ConclusionOur data show for the first time that routine biochemistry at hospital presentation in COVID-19 differs between ethnic minority and white groups. Among the markers identified, CRP was significantly higher in the ethnic minority group pointing towards an increased tendency for severe inflammation in this group.

scholarly journals Effect of nanopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal G. Mahmoud ◽  
Mohsen S. Asker ◽  
Mohamed E. El Awady ◽  
Amal I. Hassan ◽  
Nadia A. R. Zaharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background Nanomedicine contributes to the efficiency of pharmacological treatments and progresses rapidly. The present study was designed to produce exopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. strain reported in our previous study was further characterized, and its BSEPS for synthesis of the nanoparticle Ag-BSEPS using microwave heating to determine the possible effects of a prepared solution containing Ag-BSEPS versus thioacetamide (TAA) evoked liver fibrosis in Wister albino rats. Nanoparticles with silver (Ag) core have been synthesized in an aqueous solution after exposure of BSEPS to periodate oxidation. Animals were split into four groups: I - control rats, water ad libitum for 6 weeks; II - rats were injected with TAA 200 mg/kg-1 3 times/week for 4 weeks IP; III - Ag-BSEPS 100 mg/kg-1 IP twice a week for 6 weeks; and IV - TAA, as group II followed by Ag-BSEPS as group III. The antifibrotic effects of Ag-BSEPS were appraised by determining different hepatotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and liver fibrosis markers. Results Nanoparticles were obtained with a diameter size range of 50–100 nm characterized by SEM and TEM without using any harmful reagents. Results evinced considerably reduced activity of liver functions such as transaminases (AST, ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the group which received TAA followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the other group which received only TAA. In the current results, the administration of Ag-BSEPS showed an improvement in the proinflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, the antioxidant enzymes in liver homogenates revealed significant improvement (concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increases) in animals with TAA-induced liver damage followed by Ag-BSEPS. Moreover, the activities of the fibrotic markers transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) and type III pro-collagen (PCIII) were increased in liver tissues in the group which was given TAA alone as compared to the controls. The percentage of fibrosis of hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of PCIII and TGF-β1, followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the TAA group without nanocomposite treatment. Microscopic examinations revealed inhibitory effects of Ag-BSEPS on inflammatory changes and deterrent of liver fibrosis. Conclusion It was suggested that the biochemical and histological amelioration observed in Ag-BSEPS (100 mg/kg-1 twice a week for 6 weeks) treated the fibrotic rats.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Contribution of Barley Sprouts against Oxidative Stress and Related Liver Cell Damage in Habitual Alcohol Drinkers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Hyerin Park ◽  
Eunok Lee ◽  
Yunsoo Kim ◽  
Hye Yoon Jung ◽  
Kwang-Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with multiple liver defects, such as steatosis and cirrhosis, mainly attributable to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) contain high levels of polyphenols that may serve as potential antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate whether barley sprouts extract powder (BSE) relieves alcohol-induced oxidative stress and related hepatic damages in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver. In a 12-week randomized controlled trial with two arms (placebo or 480 mg/day BSE; n = 76), we measured clinical markers and metabolites at the baseline and endpoint to understand the complex molecular mechanisms. BSE supplementation reduced the magnitude of ROS generation and lipid peroxidation and improved the glutathione antioxidant system. Subsequent metabolomic analysis identified alterations in glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis pathways, confirming the role of BSE in glutathione-related lipid metabolism. Finally, the unsupervised machine learning algorithm indicated that subjects with lower glutathione reductase at the baseline were responders for liver fat content, and those with higher fatigue and lipid oxidation were responders for γ-glutamyl transferase. These findings suggest that BSE administration may protect against hepatic injury by reducing oxidative stress and changing the metabolism in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver.

scholarly journals A novel simple risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with paraquat poisoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxia Gao ◽  
Liwen Liu ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Ding Yuan ◽  
Yibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractTo identify risk factors and develop a simple model to predict early prognosis of acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning patients, we performed a retrospective cohort study of acute PQ poisoning patients (n = 1199). Patients (n = 913) with PQ poisoning from 2011 to 2018 were randomly divided into training (n = 609) and test (n = 304) samples. Another two independent cohorts were used as validation samples for a different time (n = 207) and site (n = 79). Risk factors were identified using a logistic model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and further evaluated using a latent class analysis. The prediction score was developed based on the training sample and was evaluated using the testing and validation samples. Eight factors, including age, ingestion volume, creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], platelet [PLT], white blood cell [WBC], neutrophil counts [N], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], and serum creatinine [Cr] were identified as independent risk indicators of in-hospital death events. The risk model had C statistics of 0.895 (95% CI 0.855–0.928), 0.891 (95% CI 0.848–0.932), and 0.829 (95% CI 0.455–1.000), and predictive ranges of 4.6–98.2%, 2.3–94.9%, and 0–12.5% for the test, validation_time, and validation_site samples, respectively. In the training sample, the risk model classified 18.4%, 59.9%, and 21.7% of patients into the high-, average-, and low-risk groups, with corresponding probabilities of 0.985, 0.365, and 0.03 for in-hospital death events. We developed and evaluated a simple risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with acute PQ poisoning. This risk scoring system could be helpful for identifying high-risk patients and reducing mortality due to PQ poisoning.

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