scholarly journals Metabolic Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Contribution of Barley Sprouts against Oxidative Stress and Related Liver Cell Damage in Habitual Alcohol Drinkers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Hyerin Park ◽  
Eunok Lee ◽  
Yunsoo Kim ◽  
Hye Yoon Jung ◽  
Kwang-Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with multiple liver defects, such as steatosis and cirrhosis, mainly attributable to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) contain high levels of polyphenols that may serve as potential antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate whether barley sprouts extract powder (BSE) relieves alcohol-induced oxidative stress and related hepatic damages in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver. In a 12-week randomized controlled trial with two arms (placebo or 480 mg/day BSE; n = 76), we measured clinical markers and metabolites at the baseline and endpoint to understand the complex molecular mechanisms. BSE supplementation reduced the magnitude of ROS generation and lipid peroxidation and improved the glutathione antioxidant system. Subsequent metabolomic analysis identified alterations in glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis pathways, confirming the role of BSE in glutathione-related lipid metabolism. Finally, the unsupervised machine learning algorithm indicated that subjects with lower glutathione reductase at the baseline were responders for liver fat content, and those with higher fatigue and lipid oxidation were responders for γ-glutamyl transferase. These findings suggest that BSE administration may protect against hepatic injury by reducing oxidative stress and changing the metabolism in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver.

scholarly journals Barley Sprouts May Have a Hepatoprotective Effect by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Habitual Alcohol Drinkers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 770-770
Author(s):  
Hyerin Park ◽  
Yunsoo Kim ◽  
Eunok Lee ◽  
Yeni Lim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Double Blind

Abstract Objectives Heavy alcohol consumption is a significant contributor to the development of liver damage encompassing fatty liver disease due to impaired lipid metabolism and an inflammatory process. One of the most important therapeutic strategies for this disease is modulating oxidative stress. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts contain a high content of saponarin that protects against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether barley sprouts (BS) affects liver damage by modulating oxidative stress in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver. Methods A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed with two arms. Seventy-six eligible subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo or BS (480 mg/d). We measured liver fat content, liver enzymes, and antioxidant capacity at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow up. To understand the underlying mechanism, we also performed a plasma metabolomic analysis. Results BS administration for 12 weeks significantly reduced liver enzyme levels and increased glutathione-s-transferase activity compared with the placebo group. Further analysis is needed to elucidate the endogenous metabolic changes induced by BS administration. Conclusions These findings suggest that BS administration may have the potential to protect the hepatic injury by reducing oxidative stress in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Bio-Synergy Research Project (NRF-2012M3A9C4048761) from the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, and the BK21PLUS (Brain Korea 21 plus) program (22a20130012143) from the Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Quantification of Hepatorenal Index for Computer-Aided Fatty Liver Classification with Self-Organizing Map and Fuzzy Stretching from Ultrasonography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Baek Kim ◽  
Chang Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Good Set ◽  
Self Organizing

Accurate measures of liver fat content are essential for investigating hepatic steatosis. For a noninvasive inexpensive ultrasonographic analysis, it is necessary to validate the quantitative assessment of liver fat content so that fully automated reliable computer-aided software can assist medical practitioners without any operator subjectivity. In this study, we attempt to quantify the hepatorenal index difference between the liver and the kidney with respect to the multiple severity status of hepatic steatosis. In order to do this, a series of carefully designed image processing techniques, including fuzzy stretching and edge tracking, are applied to extract regions of interest. Then, an unsupervised neural learning algorithm, the self-organizing map, is designed to establish characteristic clusters from the image, and the distribution of the hepatorenal index values with respect to the different levels of the fatty liver status is experimentally verified to estimate the differences in the distribution of the hepatorenal index. Such findings will be useful in building reliable computer-aided diagnostic software if combined with a good set of other characteristic feature sets and powerful machine learning classifiers in the future.

Is liver fat detrimental to vessels?: intersections in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and atherosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Loria ◽  
Amedeo Lonardo ◽  
Giovanni Targher
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Major Player

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) encompasses the spectrum of fatty liver disease in insulin-resistant individuals who often display T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus) and obesity. The present review highlights the pathophysiological basis and clinical evidence for a possible causal linkage between NAFLD and CVD (cardiovascular disease). The role of traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors in the pathophysiology of NAFLD is considered in the first part of the review, with the basic science shared by atherogenesis and hepatic steatogenesis discussed in depth in the second part. In conclusion, NAFLD is not an innocent bystander, but a major player in the development and progression of CVD. NAFLD and CVD also share similar molecular mechanisms and targeted treatment strategies. On the research side, studies should focus on interventions aimed at restoring energy homoeostasis in lipotoxic tissues and at improving hepatic (micro)vascular blood supply.

Abstract 263: Differential Effects of 17ß-Estradiol and 16a-Hydroxyestrone in Oxidative Stress and Proliferative Responses in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells - Implications in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Y Hood ◽  
Augusto C Montezano ◽  
Margaret R MacLean ◽  
Rhian M Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Women develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) more frequently than men. This may relate, in part, to metabolism of 17β-estradiol (E2), leading to formation of the deleterious metabolite, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α OHE1), which plays a role in the remodelling of pulmonary arteries. Molecular mechanisms whereby 16αOHE1 influences PASMC remodelling are unclear but ROS may be important, since oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH. We hypothesised that E2 and 16αOHE1 leads to Nox-induced ROS production, which promotes PASMC damage. Cultured PASMCs were stimulated with either E2 (1nM) or 16αOHE1 (1nM) in the presence/absence of EHT1864 (100μM, Rac1 inhibitor) or tempol (antioxidant; 10μM). ROS production was assessed by chemiluminescence (O2-) and Amplex Red (H2O2). Antioxidants (thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin 1 and NQ01), regulators of Nrf2 (BACH1, Nrf2) and, marker of cell growth (PCNA) were determined by immunoblotting. E2 increased O2- production at 4h (219 ± 30% vs vehicle; p<0.05), an effect blocked by EHT1864 and tempol. E2 also increased H2O2 generation (152 ± 4%; p<0.05). Thioredoxin, NQ01 and peroxiredoxin1 (71 ± 6%; 78 ± 9%; 69 ± 8%; p<0.05 respectively) levels were decreased by E2 as was PCNA expression (72 ± 2%; p<0.05). 16αOHE1 exhibited a rapid (5 min) and exaggerated increase in ROS production (355 ± 41%; p<0.05), blocked by tempol and EHT1864. This was associated with an increase in Nox4 expression (139 ± 11% vs vehicle, p<0.05). 16αOHE1 increased BACH1, (129 ± 3%; p<0.05), a competitor of Nrf2, which was decreased (92 ± 2%). In contrast, thioredoxin expression was increased by 16aOHE1 (154 ± 22%; p<0.05). PCNA (150 ± 5%) expression was also increased after exposure to 16αOHE1. In conclusion, E2 and 16αOHE1 have differential effects on redox processes associated with PASMC growth. Whereas E2 stimulates ROS production in a slow and sustained manner without effect on cell growth, 16αOHE1 upregulates Nox4 with associated rapid increase in ROS generation and downregulation of antioxidant systems, affecting proliferation. Our findings suggest that E2 -derived metabolites may promote a pro-proliferative PASMC phenotype through Nox4-derived ROS generation. These deleterious effects may impact on vascular remodeling in PAH.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
John E. Lewis ◽  
Steven E. Atlas ◽  
Oscar L. Higuera ◽  
Andrea Fiallo ◽  
Ammar Rasul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrolyzed polysaccharide, Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC), on biomarkers in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 90-day randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of RBAC on complete blood count, liver enzymes, lipids, oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and growth factors. Twenty-three adults with NAFLD were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two study conditions (n = 12 RBAC and n = 11 placebo) and consumed 1 gram/day of either compound for 90 days. Subjects were assessed at baseline and 45 and 90 days. No adverse effects were reported. Alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased (−3.1%; SD = 19.9; F[1, 19] = 5.1, p=0.03) in the RBAC group compared to placebo. Percent monocytes (17.9%; SD = 18.3; F[1, 19] = 5.9, p=0.02) and percent eosinophils (30.6%; SD = 30.5; F[1, 19] = 12.3, p<0.01) increased in the RBAC group. IFN-γ (156%; SD = 131.8; F[1, 19] = 4.2, p=0.06) and IL-18 (29.1%; SD = 64; F[1, 19] = 5.3, p=0.03) increased in the RBAC group compared to placebo. Other improvements were noted for platelets, neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, γ-glutamyl transferase, and 4-hydroxynonenal. RBAC had beneficial effects on several biomarkers that add to the known immunomodulatory activities of RBAC, which may be promising for people with NAFLD. This trial is registered with NCT02568787.

Endogenous liver protections against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress to avoid the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver to more serious disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya ◽  
Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez ◽  
Mohammed El-Hafidi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an ectopic accumulation of lipids in at least 5% of hepatocytes. The first phase of the disease, called hepatic steatosis, progresses over time to chronic conditions such as steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic insufficiency and cancer. The accumulation of free fatty acids in hepatocytes, particularly saturated fatty acids, is a key process in the development and progression of NAFLD. Furthermore, the accumulation of oxidative stress markers in NAFLD is closely linked to lipotoxicity due to impaired lipid metabolism and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, endogenous mechanisms are activated early in the liver to protect against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, thus preventing liver mass loss and disease progression. Thus, in order to develop appropriate therapies, the purpose of this review is to discuss recent data from the literature regarding the importance of intrinsic mechanisms deployed by the liver in protecting itself against the adverse effects related to chronic lipid accumulation and ROS generation.

scholarly journals γ-Glutamyl Transferase Is Associated with Mortality Outcomes Independently of Fatty Liver

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Chul Sung ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
Bum-Soo Kim ◽  
Eun Sun Cheong ◽  
Dong-il Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract BACKGROUND High serum enzyme activity levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are associated with increased risk of mortality, but whether this is mediated by fatty liver, as a common cause of high GGT levels, is uncertain. Our aim was to test whether GGT levels are associated with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, independently of fatty liver. METHODS In an occupational cohort (n = 278 419), causes of death (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) were recorded over 7 years. Liver function tests and liver fat [measured by ultrasonographic standard criteria or fatty liver index (FLI)] were assessed at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality for GGT quartiles (with lowest GGT quartile as reference). RESULTS There were 136, 167, 265, and 342 deaths across increasing GGT quartiles. After adjusting for liver fat (by ultrasound diagnosis) in the fully adjusted model, all-cause and cancer mortality were increased in the highest GGT quartile [HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.15–1.96) and 1.57 (1.05–2.35), respectively]. For CVD mortality, the hazard was attenuated: HR 1.35 (95% CI 0.72–2.56). After adjusting for FLI in the fully adjusted model, HRs for all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality were 1.46 (0.72–2.56), 2.03 (1.02–4.03), and 1.16 (0.41,3.24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS There were similar hazards for all-cause and cancer mortality and attenuated hazards for CVD mortality for people in the highest GGT quartile, adjusting for fatty liver assessed by either ultrasound or FLI.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Lewis ◽  
Steven E. Atlas ◽  
Oscar L. Higuera ◽  
Andrea Fiallo ◽  
Ammar Rasul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrolyzed polysaccharide, Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC), on biomarkers in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 90-day randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of RBAC on complete blood count, liver enzymes, lipids, oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and growth factors. Twenty-three adults with NAFLD were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two study conditions (n=12 RBAC and n=11 placebo) and consumed 1 gram/day of either compound for 90 days. Subjects were assessed at baseline and 45 and 90 days. No adverse effects were reported. Alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased (−3.1%; SD=19.9; F[1,19]=5.1, p=0.03) in the RBAC group compared to the placebo group. The percentages of monocytes (17.9%; SD=18.3; F[1,19]=5.9, p=0.02) and eosinophils (30.6%; SD=30.5; F[1,19]=12.3, p<0.01) increased in the RBAC group. IFN-γ (156%; SD=131.8; F[1,19]=4.2, p=0.06) and IL-18 (29.1%; SD=64; F[1,19]=5.3, p=0.03) increased in the RBAC group compared to the placebo group. Other improvements were noted for platelets, neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, γ-glutamyl transferase, and 4-hydroxynonenal. RBAC had beneficial effects on several biomarkers that adds to the known immunomodulatory activities of RBAC, which may be promising for people with NAFLD.

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