Field study on swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in weaner pigs and sows

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Meiners ◽  
S. Loesken ◽  
S. Doehring ◽  
E. Starick ◽  
S. Pesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
Weaner Pigs

SummaryObjective: The aim of this field study was to explore the occurrence of and factors associated with the detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) by RTqPCR in weaner pigs and sows from herds with a history of respiratory or reproductive disorders. Material and methods: The sample set was based on nasal swabs from 823 sows (123 submissions) and 562 weaner pigs (80 submissions). Nasal swab samples were taken and submitted by 51 veterinary practices from all over Germany. Corresponding to the pig density most of the submissions ori ginated from the north-western part of Germany. The nasal swabs were used to detect SIV RNA by real-time RT-PCR (RTqPCR). Subtyping of SIV RNA by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing was attempted directly from clinical samples or from isolates when available. The herd characteristics, management and housing conditions of the pig herd as well as the course of the disease were collected by a telephone questionnaire with the herd attending veterinarian. Results: SIV was detected by RTqPCR in 53.8% of the submissions from weaner pigs with a history of respiratory disease. Moreover SIV was detected in 10.6% of the submissions from sows. The predominant endemic subtype found in nasal swabs from sows and weaner pigs was H1N1 (60.5%) whereas subtypes H1N2 (14.0%) and H3N2 (14.0%) were detected less frequently. In addition, human pandemic H1N1 virus or reassortants thereof were found in 11.5%. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results underline the significance of a SIV infection in young pigs. A significant lower detection of SIV in weaner pigs was associated with the vaccination of piglets against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), possibly indicating an interaction of SIV and PCV2. Most of the positive samples from sows originated from gilts, whereas only two originated from sows. An association between reproductive disorders and the detection of SIV could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals Swine Influenza Virus Infection Decreases the Protective Immune Responses of Subunit Vaccine Against Porcine Circovirus Type 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Sun ◽  
Jinlong Zhang ◽  
Zixuan Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Kehe Huang
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Siv Infection

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary pathogen of porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus associated diseases. Immunization with a vaccine is considered an effective measure to control these diseases. However, it is still unknown whether PCV2 vaccines have protective immune responses on the animals infected with swine influenza virus (SIV), a pandemic virus in swine herds. In this study, we first compared the effects of 2 different PCV2 vaccines on normal mice and SIV-infected mice, respectively. The results showed that these two vaccines had protective immune responses in normal mice, and the subunit vaccine (vaccine S) had better effects. However, the inactivated vaccine (vaccine I) instead of vaccine S exhibited more immune responses in the SIV-infected mice. SIV infection significantly decreased the immune responses of vaccine S in varying aspects including decreased PCV2 antibody levels and increased PCV2 replication. Mechanistically, further studies showed that SIV infection increased IL-10 expression and M2 macrophage percentage, but decreased TNF-α expression and M1 macrophage percentage in the mice immunized with vaccine S; on the contrary, macrophage depleting by using clodronate-containing liposomes significantly alleviated the SIV infection-induced decrease in the protective immune responses of vaccine S against PCV2. This study indicates that SIV infection decreases the protective immune responses of vaccine S against PCV2. The macrophage polarization induced by SIV infection might facilitate decreased immune responses to vaccine S, which provides new insight into vaccine evaluation and a reference for the analysis of immunization failure.

scholarly journals Elastase-Dependent Live Attenuated Swine Influenza A Viruses Are Immunogenic and Confer Protection against Swine Influenza A Virus Infection in Pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
pp. 10198-10210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Masic ◽  
Jayaum S. Booth ◽  
George K. Mutwiri ◽  
Lorne A. Babiuk ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Siv Infection

ABSTRACT Influenza A viruses cause significant morbidity in swine, resulting in a substantial economic burden. Swine influenza virus (SIV) infection also poses important human public health concerns. Vaccination is the primary method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. Previously, we generated two elastase-dependent mutant SIVs derived from A/Sw/Saskatchewan/18789/02(H1N1): A/Sw/Sk-R345V (R345V) and A/Sw/Sk-R345A (R345A). These two viruses are highly attenuated in pigs, making them good candidates for a live-virus vaccine. In this study, the immunogenicity and the ability of these candidates to protect against SIV infection were evaluated in pigs. We report that intratracheally administrated R345V and R345A induced antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity characterized by increased production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, high hemagglutination inhibition titers in serum, an enhanced level of lymphocyte proliferation, and higher numbers of gamma interferon-secreting cells at the site of infection. Based on the immunogenicity results, the R345V virus was further tested in a protection trial in which pigs were vaccinated twice with R345V and then challenged with homologous A/Sw/Saskatchewan/18789/02, H1N1 antigenic variant A/Sw/Indiana/1726/88 or heterologous subtypic H3N2 A/Sw/Texas/4199-2/9/98. Our data showed that two vaccinations with R345V provided pigs with complete protection from homologous H1N1 SIV infection and partial protection from heterologous subtypic H3N2 SIV infection. This protection was characterized by significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions, lower virus titers from the respiratory tract, and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, elastase-dependent SIV mutants can be used as live-virus vaccines against swine influenza in pigs.

scholarly journals THE INCIDENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOR SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE SERA OF HUMAN BEINGS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Very High

Sera from a very high proportion of the human adults and new-born infants studied neutralized swine influenza virus; sera from children below the age of 12 years seldom exerted such an effect. The results of neutralization experiments with human sera and the virus of swine influenza have been compared with the outcome of similar tests with the virus of human influenza, and it seems evident that the presence of antibodies neutralizing swine influenza virus cannot be deemed the result of repeated exposures to the current human type of virus. From the known history of swine influenza and the similarity of its etiologic virus to that obtained from man it seems likely that the virus of swine influenza is the surviving prototype of the agent primarily responsible for the great human pandemic of 1918, as Laidlaw has already suggested. The presence in human sera of antibodies neutralizing swine influenza virus is believed to indicate a previous immunizing exposure to, or infection with, an influenza virus of the 1918 type.

Multiplex RT-PCR assay for differentiating European swine influenza virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2

2012 ◽  
Vol 184 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Chiapponi ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Ilaria Barbieri ◽  
Marianna Merenda ◽  
Emanuela Foni
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay

Swine Influenza Surveillance in the Southeast Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-841
Author(s):  
Takehiko Saito ◽  
◽  
Nobuhiro Takemae ◽  
Haruka Abe ◽  
Yuko Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Pig Farms

We have been studying the swine influenza virus (SIV) in Thailand since 2005, followed by a study in Vietnam starting in 2010. We actively survey pig farms in both countries to isolate viruses, collecting nasal swabs mainly from clinically healthy pigs. Our results demonstrate the genetic diversity of the SIV in both countries and help fill gaps in knowledge in global molecular SIV epidemiology.

scholarly journals Swine Influenza Virus Induces RIPK1/DRP1-Mediated Interleukin-1 Beta Production

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Su Park ◽  
Guanqun Liu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Mitochondrial Fission ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Siv Infection

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a pivotal role in modulating lung inflammation in response to the influenza A virus infection. We previously showed that the swine influenza virus (SIV) infection induced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), and we were interested in examining the upstream signaling events that are involved in this process. Here, we report that the SIV-infection led to dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) phosphorylation at serine 579 and mitochondrial fission in PAMs. IL-1β production was dependent on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and DRP1 phosphorylation resulted in the upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, the requirement of the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) for the IL-1β production and RIPK1-DRP1 association suggested that RIPK1 is an upstream kinase for DRP1 phosphorylation. Our results reveal a critical role of the RIPK1/DRP1 signaling axis, whose activation leads to mitochondrial fission and ROS release, in modulating porcine NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in SIV-infected PAMs.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Type a Swine Influenza Virus from Nasal Swabs and Lungs

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina L. Swenson ◽  
Lani L. Vincent ◽  
Brandi M. Lute ◽  
Bruce H. Janke ◽  
Kelly F. Lechtenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Type A ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Nasal Swabs
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