scholarly journals THE INCIDENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOR SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE SERA OF HUMAN BEINGS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Very High

Sera from a very high proportion of the human adults and new-born infants studied neutralized swine influenza virus; sera from children below the age of 12 years seldom exerted such an effect. The results of neutralization experiments with human sera and the virus of swine influenza have been compared with the outcome of similar tests with the virus of human influenza, and it seems evident that the presence of antibodies neutralizing swine influenza virus cannot be deemed the result of repeated exposures to the current human type of virus. From the known history of swine influenza and the similarity of its etiologic virus to that obtained from man it seems likely that the virus of swine influenza is the surviving prototype of the agent primarily responsible for the great human pandemic of 1918, as Laidlaw has already suggested. The presence in human sera of antibodies neutralizing swine influenza virus is believed to indicate a previous immunizing exposure to, or infection with, an influenza virus of the 1918 type.

scholarly journals THE INCIDENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOR HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE SERUM OF HUMAN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Francis ◽  
T. P. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

The results of mouse protection tests with 136 human sera and a strain of human influenza virus are described. After the 1st year of life, the sera of approximately half the individuals tested contained sufficient antibody to furnish complete protection to mice. A much higher percentage of the sera obtained from individuals recently convalescent from influenza exerted a completely protective effect. On the other hand, certain sera protected only partially under the conditions of the tests. The results have been compared with those obtained by Shope in tests done with the same sera against swine influenza virus. The possible epidemiological significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Novel Swine Influenza Virus from Oklahoma in 2011 Which Is Distantly Related to Human Influenza C Viruses

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e1003176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben M. Hause ◽  
Mariette Ducatez ◽  
Emily A. Collin ◽  
Zhiguang Ran ◽  
Runxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza

scholarly journals THE INFECTION OF MICE WITH SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
The Stability ◽  
At Will

The experiments confirm the earlier observation of Andrewes, Laidlaw and Smith that the swine influenza virus is pathogenic for white mice when administered intranasally. Two field strains of the swine influenza virus were found to differ in their initial pathogenicity for mice. One strain was apparently fully pathogenic even in its 1st mouse passage while the other required 2 or 3 mouse passages to acquire full virulence for this species. Both strains, however, were initially infectious for mice, without the necessity of intervening ferret passages. There is no evidence that bacteria play any significant rôle in the mouse disease though essential in that of swine, and fatal pneumonias can be produced in mice by pure virus infections. Mice surviving the virus disease are immune to reinfection for at least a month. In mice the disease is not contagious though it is notably so in swine. The virus, while regularly producing fatal pneumonias when administered intranasally to mice, appears to be completely innocuous when given subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Prolonged serial passage of the virus in mice does not influence its infectivity or virulence for swine or ferrets. It is a stable virus so far as its infectivity is concerned, and can be transferred at will from any one of its three known susceptible hosts to any other. In discussing these facts the stability of the swine influenza virus has been contrasted with the apparent instability of freshly isolated strains of the human influenza virus. Though the mouse is an un-natural host for the virus it is, nevertheless, useful for the study of those aspects of swine influenza which have to do with the virus only.

scholarly journals Experimental infection with H1N1 European swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 human influenza virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Busquets ◽  
Joaquim Segalés ◽  
Lorena Córdoba ◽  
Tufaria Mussá ◽  
Elisa Crisci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

Field study on swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in weaner pigs and sows

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Meiners ◽  
S. Loesken ◽  
S. Doehring ◽  
E. Starick ◽  
S. Pesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
Weaner Pigs

SummaryObjective: The aim of this field study was to explore the occurrence of and factors associated with the detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) by RTqPCR in weaner pigs and sows from herds with a history of respiratory or reproductive disorders. Material and methods: The sample set was based on nasal swabs from 823 sows (123 submissions) and 562 weaner pigs (80 submissions). Nasal swab samples were taken and submitted by 51 veterinary practices from all over Germany. Corresponding to the pig density most of the submissions ori ginated from the north-western part of Germany. The nasal swabs were used to detect SIV RNA by real-time RT-PCR (RTqPCR). Subtyping of SIV RNA by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing was attempted directly from clinical samples or from isolates when available. The herd characteristics, management and housing conditions of the pig herd as well as the course of the disease were collected by a telephone questionnaire with the herd attending veterinarian. Results: SIV was detected by RTqPCR in 53.8% of the submissions from weaner pigs with a history of respiratory disease. Moreover SIV was detected in 10.6% of the submissions from sows. The predominant endemic subtype found in nasal swabs from sows and weaner pigs was H1N1 (60.5%) whereas subtypes H1N2 (14.0%) and H3N2 (14.0%) were detected less frequently. In addition, human pandemic H1N1 virus or reassortants thereof were found in 11.5%. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results underline the significance of a SIV infection in young pigs. A significant lower detection of SIV in weaner pigs was associated with the vaccination of piglets against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), possibly indicating an interaction of SIV and PCV2. Most of the positive samples from sows originated from gilts, whereas only two originated from sows. An association between reproductive disorders and the detection of SIV could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SWINE TO THE VIRUS OF HUMAN INFLUENZA

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope ◽  
Thomas Francis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

Swine inoculated intranasally with human influenza virus alone develop an ill defined, mild, and usually afebrile illness of short duration. At postmortem the anterior lobes of the lungs of such animals contain scant, scattered areas of lobular atelectasis. Transmission of the virus for 5 serial passages through two groups of swine failed noticeably to enhance its pathogenicity for this species. The disease produced in swine by infection with human influenza virus alone is indistinguishable clinically and pathologically from that caused by infection with swine influenza virus alone. Transmission of human influenza virus from swine to swine by contact succeeded in only one of four attempts. Swine inoculated intranasally with a mixture of human influenza virus and H. influenzae suis usually develop a febrile, depressing illness similar to mild swine influenza. The pneumonia encountered in such animals at autopsy is similar to but less extensive than that seen in swine influenza. In some animals H. influenzae suis fails to become established and the disease then seen is identical with that caused by human influenza virus alone. The human influenza virus recovered after 5 serial transfers in swine was immunologically the same as that with which the experiments were begun.

scholarly journals NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN SERUM AFTER INFLUENZA A

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Horsfall ◽  
E. R. Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Antibody Levels

The increased concentrations of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus in human serum which occur after influenza A do not differentiate between antigenically different strains of this virus or swine influenza virus but instead appear to possess equal reactivity against these agents. The decrease in antibody levels which occurs with time is also independent of the strain of virus used to measure it.

scholarly journals A single dose vaccination with an elastase-dependent H1N1 live attenuated swine influenza virus protects pigs from challenge with 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mašić ◽  
Niziti Woldeab ◽  
Carissa Embury-Hyatt ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Shawn Babiuk
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Intranasal Route

Abstract The 2009 outbreak of H1N1 influenza A viruses in humans underscored the importance of pigs in influenza A virus evolution and the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. In addition, influenza A virus infections continued to cause production losses in the agricultural industry resulting in a significant drop of profit. The primary method to control influenza A virus infections in pigs is through vaccination. Previously we demonstrated that two doses of an elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus administered by either the intratracheal or intranasal route can provide a high degree of protection in pigs against challenge with both homologous and different heterologous swine influenza viruses. Here we report the protection efficacy of a single dose elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus administered by the intranasal route against challenge with homologous subtypic H1N1 2009 pandemic swine-like influenza virus. Protection was observed in the absence of neutralizing antibodies specific for H1N1 2009 in sera.

scholarly journals SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS AND THE SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS ON THE CHICK EMBRYO

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik B. Bang
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
The Individual

The synergistic effect of Hemophilus influenzae suis and swine influenza virus in the pig can be reproduced by the inoculation of these agents on the chorioallantoic membrane of 9 to 10 day old chick embryos. Two strains of human influenza virus that were studied failed to substitute for the swine virus in the synergistic reaction. No loss of synergistic effect was noted when the swine influenza virus was put through 11 chick embryo passages. Recently isolated and old stock strains of Hemophilus were equally able to enhance the effect of the virus. Heat-killed cultures of H. influenzae suis can be substituted for the bacterial component of the reaction. Infection of the embryo with swine influenza virus predisposes to infection with H. influenzae suis. The combination of H. influenzae suis and swine influenza virus causes a selective destruction of the embryo lungs, not produced by the individual components. This pneumonia exhibits the essential features of the natural disease.

scholarly journals Laboratory characterization of a swine influenza virus isolated from a fatal case of human influenza.

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Rota ◽  
E P Rocha ◽  
M W Harmon ◽  
V S Hinshaw ◽  
M G Sheerar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Laboratory Characterization
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