Specification the metal content of waste glass from an old glass landfill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Jani ◽  
William Hogland ◽  
Anna Augustsson
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Crystal Glass ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
X Ray

Glass has been manufactured in Småland region (the “Kingdom of Crystal Glass”) since the 18th century and during all these years a huge amount of heavy metals accumulated in this region. There is more than 25 glassworks in Småland which contain an estimated of 310 tons of arsenic, 19 tons of cadmium and 1600 tons of lead. Recently, the Sweden’s county administrative boards have mapped 20,000 locations that are contaminated with hazardous materials for human and environment. 10 of the 22 acute risks and dangerous locations are glassworks in Småland. The first stage to handle these wastes is to specify the metal content of the waste glass and the contaminated soils. Semi-quantified X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was used to analyze 14 samples of waste glass from an old glassworks landfill in the south of Sweden. The results showed that different amount of metals were detected and with a high concentration like Pb (about 3500 ppm), As (about 500 ppm), Fe (about 30000 ppm), Mn (about 1000 ppm) and others.

scholarly journals ENERGY DISPERSION X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Eduards Valbahs ◽  
Aleksanders Sokolovs ◽  
Zigmārs Strūve
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Energy Dispersion ◽  
Sensitive Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Change Tendency

Environmental monitoring is aimed mostly at pollution levels change tendency estimation and high sensitive analysis methods are applied for this purpose. X-Ray fluorescence analysis (RFA) allows getting information of metal content in ten or hundred seconds. The analyzers with Si(Li) detectors were used for measurements. Our report deals with some examples which are given as new RFA methods (with secondary target) application in the laboratory and field conditions.

scholarly journals Five Hundred Years of Mercury Exposure and Adaptation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Lombardi ◽  
Antonio Lanzirotti ◽  
Clifford Qualls ◽  
Francisco Socola ◽  
Abdul-Mehdi Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Mercury Toxicity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hair Mercury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Andean Mining

Mercury is added to the biosphere by anthropogenic activities raising the question of whether changes in the human chromatin, induced by mercury, in a parental generation could allow adaptation of their descendants to mercury. We review the history of Andean mining since pre-Hispanic times in Huancavelica, Peru. Despite the persistent degradation of the biosphere today, no overt signs of mercury toxicity could be discerned in present day inhabitants. However, mercury is especially toxic to the autonomic nervous system (ANS). We, therefore, tested ANS function and biologic rhythms, under the control of the ANS, in 5 Huancavelicans and examined the metal content in their hair. Mercury levels varied from none to 1.014 ppm, significantly less than accepted standards. This was confirmed by microfocused synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis. Biologic rhythms were abnormal and hair growth rate per year, also under ANS control, was reduced (P<0.001). Thus, evidence of mercury’s toxicity in ANS function was found without other signs of intoxication. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of partial transgenerational inheritance of tolerance to mercury in Huancavelica, Peru. This would generally benefit survival in the Anthropocene, the man-made world, we now live in.

Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence in the study of the qualitative variation in metal content with time in tree rings

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R Martin ◽  
T K Sham ◽  
G Wong Won ◽  
Paul van der Heide ◽  
Keith W Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative Variation ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Cu And Zn

Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis have been used to document the changes in metal content across the ring system of trees from northern Canada. The results show a seasonal qualitative variation in the uptake of Na, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn. Diffusional models show that locally elevated concentrations of selected metals are sufficiently stable within individual rings that variations in content among rings remain at detectable levels for at least a century.

scholarly journals Determination of heavy metal content in dust of earth's surface and dust on air conditioner filter by X-ray fluorescence analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 013301
Author(s):  
Wang Xin ◽  
Kang Ming-Ming ◽  
Liu Jun ◽  
Chen Xiu-Lian ◽  
Qin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
X Ray

Comparison of Strategies For Dealing With Unanalyzed Light Elements in Fundamental Parameters X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
Peter B. DeGroot
Keyword(s):  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Matrix

AbstractThe total elemental composition of a sample must be measured or specified for successful application of fundamental parameters type matrix corrections in x-ray fluorescence analyses. Unanalyzed light elements can be dealt with in three ways. They can be related to the concentration of another element by stoichiometry, calculated by difference, or their effects minimized by addition of a diluent of known composition, ‘The relative success of these approaches depends on the composition of the sample. Limiting cases tested are high or low concentrations of analytes having long or short wavelength emission lines, in the presence of additional heavy or light elements. Molybdenum oxide is used as the analyte, with the oxygen serving as a typical unanalyzed light element to be treated by stoichiometry, difference, or dilution. The accuracy and precision of the analysis for molybdenum, using either the Kα or Lα line, is the criterion for judging the success of the strategy. Experimental results and theoretical calculations using the XRF11* matrix correction program are employed. Generally, the difference strategy is inferior to stoichiometry or dilution. However, difference methods can give acceptable results except in the case of a high concentration of short wavelength analyte in a light element matrix. Where stoichiometry is not known, an assumed stoichiometry that is correct within one oxidation number gives results comparable to the difference method.

Geochemical Examination of Surficial Soil Overlying Uranium Deposit in Manyoni, Central Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Miguta Faustine Ngulimi ◽  
Hiroaki Ishiga
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Uranium Deposit ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
X Ray

Geochemical compositions of surface to shallow soil samples of Manyoni uranium deposit　in Tanzania were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Uranium, calcium and chlorine are abundant at the depth of 40 cm to 140 cm. Strong correlations between U, CaO and chlorine suggest uranium and carbonates deposition in a Salt Lake system. Strontium content is higher (370 to 480 ppm) than the average upper continental crust UCC (320 ppm) at the depth of 60 cm to 120 cm suggesting Sr accumulation in carbonates. TiO2 and Fe2O3 abundances appear along the profile but have normal concentrations below the average UCC content. Vanadium is positively correlated to Fe2O3 and Ni (mafic sources) concentrations and negatively correlated to U. Uranium precipitation is suggestive of abrupt evaporation during dry season at Manyoni depositional basin. Chlorine (Cl) with high concentration in the vertical profile may be yielded in the sediments after evaporation of the lake water.

Preparation of iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc humates for environmental applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Kříženecká ◽  
Stanislav Hejda ◽  
Vladimír Machovič ◽  
Josef Trögl
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Diffuse Reflection ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Water Sorption Properties

AbstractA few non-conventional humate sorbents, i.e. iron humate (FeH), aluminium humate (AlH), calcium humate (CaH), magnesium humate (MgH), and zinc humate (ZnH), were prepared from a commercial product Fortehum L/K (Humatex, Bílina, Czech Republic). The metal content in humates was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis, the organic elements (C, H, N, and S) were analysed by an Elementar Vario III and the functional groups were determined by classical methods using KBr pellets and diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). FeH, AlH, and ZnH were tested as sorbents for the removal of inorganic or organic pollutants (metals, inorganic ions, dyes, and chlorophenols) from waste water. Sorption properties decreased in order: ZnH, AlH, FeH. CaH and MgH are partly soluble and therefore they are not usable as sorbents. However, their ion-exchange abilities for heavy metals are excellent which makes them usable for phytoremediation and bioremediation.

Cytomembrane Preservation in Tissue Dehydrated Only With Glutaraldehyde and Epon 812 Resin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sectioned Material

A previous study demonstrated that tissue could be successfully infiltrated with 50% glutaraldehyde, and then subsequently polymerized with urea to create an embedment which retained cytomembrane lipids in sectioned material. As a result, the 180-190 Å periodicity characteristic of fresh, mammalian myelin was preserved in sections, as was a brilliant birefringence, and the capacity to bind OsO4 vapor in the hydrophobic bilayers. An associated (unpublished) study, carried out in co-operation with Drs. C.K. Akers and D.F. Parsons, demonstrated that the high concentration of glutaraldehyde (and urea) did not significantly alter the X-ray diffraction pattern of aldehyde-fixed, myelin. Thus, by itself, 50% glutaraldehyde has little effect upon cytomembrane systems and can be used with confidence for the first stages of dehydration.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

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