scholarly journals Nutrient recovery from anaerobically digested organic wastes

2007 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Deshai Botheju ◽  
Oystein Svalheim ◽  
Bjorn Rydtun ◽  
Jo-Ela Johansen ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Evaporative Concentration ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Soil Enhancement

Effluents (digestates) resulting from anaerobic digestion of wet organic wastes can berecycled as fertilizers. Separation of such digestates into a wet and a dry fraction is common.The solid fraction is often sold as a soil enhancement product while the liquid fraction isusually discarded as wastewater. A large portion of the digestate nutrients is dissolved as ionsin the liquid. The aim of this study is to establish an efficient way to convert this into a liquid"organic fertilizer". Enhancement of the nutrient concentration is necessary in order to makethe final product commercially acceptable. Direct evaporative concentration is not suitable asit would lead to a significant loss of ammonia due to the fact that most of the availablenitrogen in these digestates is present in the ammonium/ammonia form. Thus stabilizing theproduct by partial nitrification prior to evaporation is proposed based on a series ofexperiments conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of this approach.The ammonium-N concentration of the digestate used was 1.7 g/L. The nitrification does notappear to be inhibited by ammonia, nitrate or nitrite accumulation, except when pH > 7.5, asituation that can be avoided by regulating the feeding rate based on pH measurements.Significant nitrite accumulation was not observed either. Nitrification is however consistentlylimited by alkalinity so that only about 75% of the ammonia can be converted to nitratewithout alkalinity supplementation. The nitrification brings the pH down below 5.0 where theremaining ammonia is present as> 99% NH/. At this condition the nitrified digestate can beevaporated without a significant nitrogen loss and the product is recognized to be a highquality liquid fertilizer. It is suggested that the production of concentrated partially nitrifiedorganic fertilizers can become a sustainable way of nutrient recovery from anaerobicdigestates originating from municipal organic wastes.

Nutrient Recovery From the Liquid Fraction of Digestate by Clinoptilolite

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1500153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlı Pelin Kocatürk-Schumacher ◽  
Sander Bruun ◽  
Kor Zwart ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Nutrient Recovery

scholarly journals Duckweed from a Biorefinery System: Nutrient Recovery Efficiency and Forage Value

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5261
Author(s):  
Marcin Sońta ◽  
Andrzej Łozicki ◽  
Magdalena Szymańska ◽  
Tomasz Sosulski ◽  
Ewa Szara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
The Media ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study aimed at assessing the possibility of using duckweed to purify and recover nutrients from the effluent remaining after struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping from a liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate in a biorefinery located at a Dutch dairy cattle production farm. The nutritional value of duckweed obtained in a biorefinery was assessed as well. Duckweed (Lemna minuta) was cultured on a growth medium with various concentrations of effluent from a biorefinery (EFL) and digested slurry (DS) not subjected to the nutrient recovery process. The study’s results showed that duckweed culture on the media with high contents of DS or EFL was impossible because they both inhibited its growth. After 15 days of culture, the highest duckweed yield was obtained from the ponds with DS or EFL contents in the medium reaching 0.39% (37.8 g fresh matter (FM) and 16.8 g FM per 8500 mL of the growth medium, respectively). The recovery of N by duckweed was approximately 75% and 81%, whereas that of P was approximately 45% and 55% of the growth media with EFL0.39% and DS0.39%, respectively. Duckweed obtained from the biorefinery proved to be a valuable high-protein feedstuff with high contents of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. With a protein content in duckweed approximating 35.4–36.1%, it is possible to obtain 2–4 t of protein per 1 ha from EFL0.39% and DS0.39% ponds, respectively.

scholarly journals Advantages of grass-legume mixture for improvement of crop growth and reducing potential nitrogen loss in a boreal climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghong Li ◽  
Petri Penttinen ◽  
Hannu Mikkola ◽  
Kristina Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Soil C

A three-year field experiment was established to assess intercropping for sustainable forage production in Finland. In split-plot design, fertilizer treatment with unfertilized control, organic fertilizer, and synthetic fertilizer was the main plot factor, and crop treatment with fallow, red clover (Trifolium pratense), timothy (Phleum pratense), and a mixture of red clover and timothy was the sub-plot factor. Dry matter, carbon and nitrogen yields in mixture plots were highest with relatively high N% and the optimum C:N ratio (p < 0.05). Fertilization increased annual yields of mixture and timothy but not that of red clover. Soil NO3-N changed over time (p < 0.05) and was highest in fallow, followed by red clover, mixture, and timothy (p < 0.05), and the decrease during late growing season was smaller in the mixture and timothy plots. At the end of the experiment, soil C/NO3-N ratio was higher in timothy and mixture while lower in red clover and fallow plots (p < 0.05), and the relationship between soil DNA and NO3-N content may indicate that the potential nitrogen loss was lower in mixture and timothy than that in fallow and red clover plots.

Effect of cattle slurry fractions on nitrogen mineralization in soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Diaz-Fierros ◽  
M. Carmen Villar ◽  
F. Gil ◽  
M. Carballas ◽  
M. Carmen Leiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cumulative Curve ◽  
Mineralization Processes

SummaryThe mineralization kinetics of nitrogen in acid soils, and their modification by the addition of an organic fertilizer (cattle slurry), were studied by incubating a humic cambisol for 36 weeks using a method based on that of Keeney & Bremner (1967). The cumulative curve of the quantity of nitrogen mineralized in soil not given fertilizer departs significantly from Stanford's theoretical model, which predicts linear dependence of nitrogen mineralized upon √t. The observed kinetics are interpreted as due to the superposition of two mineralization processes involving different substrates.The cumulative mineralized nitrogen curves for soil samples enriched with the various slurry fractions likewise reflect complex kinetics involving at least two main substrates. Consideration of the net mineralized nitrogen shows that F,, the solid fraction with the highest C/N ratio, clearly induced immobilization of nitrogen during the first 130 days of incubation, and analysis of the NO3/NH4 ratio suggests that this immobilization was probably at the expense of nitrate. F3, the liquid fraction, first induced a brief period of mineralization and then stabilized nitrogen levels, giving rise to a reduction in net mineralized nitrogen. The addition to the soil of F2, the semi-liquid fraction, produced results intermediate between those of the other two fractions.In conclusion, the increase in organic nitrogen in the soil after addition of cattle slurry depends in the short term on the liquid and semi-liquid fractions, whereas long-term effects involve both the stable residues of these fractions and the more solid fraction. The labile fraction of the pool of mineralizable N benefits more than the recalcitrant fraction, and the time constants of the mineralization process are reduced.

Heterotrophic nitrogen removal in Bacillus sp. K5: involvement of a novel hydroxylamine oxidase

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3461-3467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Yang ◽  
Ershu Lin ◽  
Shaobin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Bacillus Genus

Abstract An aerobic denitrifying bacterium isolated from a bio-trickling filter treating NOx, Bacillus sp. K5, is able to convert ammonium to nitrite, in which hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) plays a critical role. In the present study, the performance for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was investigated with batch experiments and an HAO was purified by an anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography from strain K5. The purified HAO's molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE and its activity by measuring the change in the concentration of ferricyanide, the electron acceptor. Results showed that as much as 87.8 mg L−1 ammonium-N was removed without nitrite accumulation within 24 hours in the sodium citrate medium at C/N of 15. The HAO isolated from the strain K5 was approximately 71 KDa. With hydroxylamine (NH2OH) as a substrate and potassium ferricyanide as an electron acceptor, the enzyme was capable of oxidizing NH2OH to nitrite in vitro when the pH varied from 7 to 9 and temperature ranged from 25 °C to 40 °C. This is the first time that an HAO has been purified from the Bacillus genus, and the findings revealed that it is distinctive in its molecular mass and enzyme properties.

Ammonia sources in agriculture and their measurement

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. McGinn ◽  
H. H. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Simple Method

There are several reasons why the measurement of ammonia emissions is important in agriculture. The emission of ammonia from stored and land-applied manure to the atmosphere can result in a significant loss of nitrogen for crop production. It is necessary to quantify this loss to evaluate manure handling practices for maintaining the nutritive value of the manure. Minimizing the emissions of ammonia from manure also reduces agriculture's impact on the environment. A high atmospheric concentration of ammonia can result in acidification of land and water surfaces, cause plant damage and reduce plant biodiversity in natural systems. Ammonia emissions from manure coincide with odors, which are a nuisance in areas of intensive livestock operations. Reducing ammonia emissions by altering manure management will also reduce odor problems. The purpose of this paper is to review agricultural sources of ammonia and describe techniques used in determining the loss of ammonia from manure-amended soils. Micrometeorological techniques are used to estimate field scale emissions whereas, for small plots where treatment (effects) is used, chambers and mass balance techniques are more suitable methods. A simple method is described, which, when combined with a denuder sampler mounted on a wind vane, permits flexibility in experimental design and requires fewer ammonia samples than the traditional mass balance approach. A chamber method making use of diffusion samplers that can measure the ammonia concentration in the air at the soil surface is also described. Key words: Ammonia, nitrogen loss, agriculture, manure, micrometeorology, chamber

scholarly journals Potential of energy and nutrient recovery from biodegradable waste by co-treatment in Lithuania

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Havukainen ◽  
Kestutis Zavarauskas ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Mika Luoranen ◽  
Helena Kahiluoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Fertilizer Production

Biodegradable waste quantities in Lithuania and their potential for the co-treatment in renewable energy and organic fertilizer production were investigated. Two scenarios were formulated to study the differences of the amounts of obtainable energy and fertilizers between different ways of utilization. In the first scenario, only digestion was used, and in the second scenario, materials other than straw were digested, and straw and the solid fraction of sewage sludge digestate were combusted. As a result, the amounts of heat and electricity, as well as the fertilizer amounts in the counties were obtained for both scenarios. Based on this study, the share of renewable energy in Lithuania could be doubled by the co-treatment of different biodegradable materials

scholarly journals Effect of Geobacillus toebii GT-02 addition on composition transformations and microbial community during thermophilic fermentation of bean dregs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojia Chen ◽  
Chengjian Wu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Qinyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Thermophilic Fermentation ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Number ◽  
Bean Dregs

AbstractBean dregs can be prepared into organic fertilizer by microbial fermentation. Geobacillus toebii GT-02, which has promoting effect on bean dregs fermentation, was isolated from horse dung and it grows within a range of 40–75 °C and pH 6.50–9.50. The effectiveness of GT-02 addition on composition transformations and the microbial community in bean dregs thermophilic fermentation at 70 °C for 5 days was investigated (T1). Fermentation of bean dregs without GT-02 served as control (CK). The results showed that T1 (the germination index (GI) = 95.06%) and CK (GI = 86.42%) reached maturity (defined by GI ≥ 85%) on day 3 and day 5, respectively. In addition, the total nitrogen loss of T1 (18.46%) on day 3 was lower than that in CK (24.12%). After thermophilic fermentation, the total organic carbon and dry matter loss of T1 (53.51% and 54.16%) was higher than that in CK (41.72% and 42.82%). The mean microbial number in T1 was 4.94 × 107 CFUs/g dry matter, which was 5.37 times higher than that in CK. 16S rDNA sequencing identified Bacillus, Geobacillus and Thermobacillus as dominant in CK, while Bacillus, Ammoniibacillus and Geobacillus were dominant in T1. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that Geobacillus and Ammoniibacillus were positively correlated with the GI. Thus, thermophilic fermentation with GT-02 can promote the maturity of bean dregs, which indicated the potential application value of GT-02 in thermophilic fermentation.

scholarly journals Nature's nitrite-to-ammonia expressway, with no stop at dinitrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. H. Kroneck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Extracellular Side

Abstract Since the characterization of cytochrome c552 as a multiheme nitrite reductase, research on this enzyme has gained major interest. Today, it is known as pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductase (NrfA). Part of the NH4+ produced from NO2− is released as NH3 leading to nitrogen loss, similar to denitrification which generates NO, N2O, and N2. NH4+ can also be used for assimilatory purposes, thus NrfA contributes to nitrogen retention. It catalyses the six-electron reduction of NO2− to NH4+, hosting four His/His ligated c-type hemes for electron transfer and one structurally differentiated active site heme. Catalysis occurs at the distal side of a Fe(III) heme c proximally coordinated by lysine of a unique CXXCK motif (Sulfurospirillum deleyianum, Wolinella succinogenes) or, presumably, by the canonical histidine in Campylobacter jejeuni. Replacement of Lys by His in NrfA of W. succinogenes led to a significant loss of enzyme activity. NrfA forms homodimers as shown by high resolution X-ray crystallography, and there exist at least two distinct electron transfer systems to the enzyme. In γ-proteobacteria (Escherichia coli) NrfA is linked to the menaquinol pool in the cytoplasmic membrane through a pentaheme electron carrier (NrfB), in δ- and ε-proteobacteria (S. deleyianum, W. succinogenes), the NrfA dimer interacts with a tetraheme cytochrome c (NrfH). Both form a membrane-associated respiratory complex on the extracellular side of the cytoplasmic membrane to optimize electron transfer efficiency. This minireview traces important steps in understanding the nature of pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductases, and discusses their structural and functional features. Graphical abstract

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