Biodegradation of anionic surfactants in the bioremediation of oil-polluted soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
Aare Selberg ◽  
Jana Budashova ◽  
Kalev Uiga ◽  
Toomas Tenno
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Active Substances

Surfactants are applied as emulsifiers or solubilizers by treatment of polluted soil. Theproblem of secondary pollution has arisen as result of the surfactant-enhanced remediation ofa polluted soil contaminated with hydrophobic organic compounds. Several studies haveshown that the surfactants are biodegradable in aerobic conditions and the biodegradabilitydepended on the chemical properties and concentration of surfactant. A study of the leachingof surfactants from the soil is important, as it is difficult to identify the reason for thereduction of concentration of pollutants in the soil: is it degradation or leaching? Theexperiments were carried out with a fine sandy soil in column tests and CaCO3 was added toincrease soil pH. The soil was treated twice with the bioremediation agent SR-100. The soilpH, the concentrations of anionic surfactant and petroleum hydrocarbons at the differentdepths of soil were determined. The microbial activity of soil fractions was evaluated byrespirometer. The concentration of surfactants was determined colorimetrically as MethyleneBlue active substances (MBAS). The concentration of anionic surfactants decreased in theupper layer of the columns, but it increased in the lower layers. It indicated the leaching ofthe anionic surfactants from soil during experiments of 60 days. The amounts of residualsurfactants were lower in the samples of polluted soil in comparison with unpolluted soil. Thesamples of lower soil fractions had higher microbial activity in comparison with upperfractions. Soil pH was measured as pHH20, pHKcl and pHcac12 instead of the pH of soilsolution, because soil was too dry. The pH of fine sandy soil was 5.8 and during theexperiment the value of pH increased in the lower layer of soil till pHH20 = 7.5.

scholarly journals Surfactants in Klodnica River (Katowice, Poland). Part I. Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Ruman ◽  
Ewa Olkowska ◽  
Magdalena Drąg-Śmigalska ◽  
Grzegorz Jankowski ◽  
Żaneta Polkowska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract Surfactants are a group of compounds with specific physico-chemical properties and therefore they are used in many spheres of human activity. Surface-active substances undergo various physico-chemical transformations, what enables their migration between different elements of the environment and may lead to its pollution. Selected anionic surfactants were determined in samples of water from the Klodnica river (25 samples) and bottom sediments (25 samples). In most samples the presence of anionic analytes was confirmed. The determined concentration levels were in the range of up to 0.2105±0.0023 mg/dm3 or 0.207±0.010 μg/kg (surface water and bottom sediment samples, respectively). Comparing the concentrations of certain analytes found in liquid and solid environmental samples, it can be noticed that the surfactants containing a shorter alkyl chain in a molecule were present in higher concentrations in liquid samples (hydrophobicity increasing with the increasing length of the chain) and the other way round.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI DAN PUPUK SP-36 TERHADAP PERBAIKAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.) PADA TANAH TERCEMAR LIMBAH PADAT PABRIK KERTAS (LIME MUD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Afaf Millatusy Syahidah ◽  
Bambang Hermiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Lime Mud

ABSTRACT Solid waste pollution of Paper manufacturer (Lime mud) can cause land degradation through decreasing soil quality due to chemical, physical and biological properties changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding cow manure and SP-36 fertilizer to give improvement in the soil chemical properties, growth and production of Sorghum. Pot experiment was conducted using Randomized block Design (RBD) factorial with two factors, the first factor was soil conditions (polluted and non-polluted soil), the second factor was the type of fertilizer with 4 levels including control, cow manure (258 gram/pot), SP-36 fertilizer (0.64 gram/pot) and combination of cow manure (2658 gram/pot) and SP-36 fertilizer (0.64 gram/pot). The parameter of chemical properties observation included soil pH (pH meter), C -organic (Kurmis), Cation Exchange Capacity (extract of ammonium acetate 1 M ph 7), P-availability (Olsen) and Ca-exchanged (extract of ammonium acetate 1 M ph 7). The parameter of the plant growth and production included height of plant, dry weight of plant stem and leave and weight of 1,000 seeds. The research result revealed that combination of manure and SP36 fertilizer to the polluted soil could decrease soil pH from 8.31 to 8.17, Ca-exchanged decrease in amount of 49.58% compared to the control ones, and the increase of P-availability was in amount of 92.89% compared to the controlled ones. The addition of cow manure to the polluted soil could increase C-organic in amount of 222.7% and weight of 1,000 seeds increased in amount of 24.9% compared to the controlled ones. The provision of SP-36 treatment to the polluted soil could increase CEC of soil in amount of 3.25% and the height of plant increased to 9.31% compared to the control ones. Keyword: Manure, SP-36 fertilizer, Sorghum, Chemical Improvement, Lime mud ABSTRAK Pencemaran limbah padat Pabrik Kertas (Lime mud) dapat menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi lahan melalui penurunan kualitas tanah karena perubahan sifatkimia, fisika dan biologi tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pupuk kandang sapi dan pupuk SP-36 terhadap perbaikan sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman Sorghum pada tanah tercemar limbah padat (Lime mud). Percobaan pot dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor, faktor pertama kondisi tanah (tanah tidak tercemar dan tanah tercemar), faktor kedua jenis pupuk dengan 4 taraf terdiri atas kontrol, pupuk kandang sapi (258 gram/pot) , pupuk SP-36 (0,64 gram/pot) dan kombinasi pupuk kandang sapi (258 gram/pot) dan pupuk SP-36(0,64 gram/pot). Parameter pengamatan sifat kimia tanah meliputi pH tanah (pH meter), C-organik (Kurmis), KTK tanah (ekstrak Amonium asetat 1 M ph 7), Ptersedia (Olsen) dan Ca-tertukar (ekstrak Amonium asetat 1 M ph 7). Parameter pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman meliputi tinggi tanaman, berat kering brangkasan dan berat 1000 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi pupuk kandang dan pupuk SP-36 pada tanah tercemar dapat menurunkan pH tanah dari 8.31 menjadi 8.17, Ca-tertukar menurun sebesar 49,58 % dibanding kontrol, dan terjadi peningkatan P-tersedia sebesar 92.89 % dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penambahan pupuk kandang sapi pada tanah tercemar mampu meningkatkan C-organik sebesar 222.7 % dan berat 1000 biji meningkat 24,9 % dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk SP-36 pada tanah tercemar dapat meningkatkan KTK tanah sebesar 3.25% dan tinggi tanaman meningkat 9.31 % dibanding kontrol. Kata kunci: Pupuk Kandang Sapi, Pupuk SP-36, Sorghum, Sifat Kimia Tanah, Lime mud

scholarly journals Co-application of a biosolids product and biochar to two coarse-textured pasture soils influenced microbial N cycling genes and potential for N leaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjutha Shanmugam ◽  
Sasha N. Jenkins ◽  
Bede S. Mickan ◽  
Noraini Md Jaafar ◽  
Falko Mathes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microbial N ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractCo-application of biochar and biosolids to soil has potential to mitigate N leaching due to physical and chemical properties of biochar. Changes in N cycling pathways in soil induced by co-application of biological amendments could further mitigate N loss, but this is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether co-application of a biochar and a modified biosolids product to three pasture soils differing in texture could alter the relative abundance of N cycling genes in soil sown with subterranean clover. The biosolids product contained lime and clay and increased subterranean clover shoot biomass in parallel with increases in soil pH and soil nitrate. Its co-application with biochar similarly increased plant growth and soil pH with a marked reduction in nitrate in two coarse textured soils but not in a clayey soil. While application of the biosolids product altered in silico predicted N cycling functional genes, there was no additional change when applied to soil in combination with biochar. This supports the conclusion that co-application of the biochar and biosolids product used here has potential to mitigate loss of N in coarse textured soils due to N adsoption by the biochar and independently of microbial N pathways.

Causes and prediction of changes in extractable phosphorus during flooding

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
P Release ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
No Release ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
A Minor

In a laboratory experiment, samples of 18 soils, which are known to be flooded in the field, were flooded for up to 32 days. Both untreated and phosphate-treated (50 mg P kg-1) soils were studied. It was attempted to identify which chemical properties measured on the dry untreated soils, and the changes in pH, Eh and extractable Fe and Mn over the flooding periods, controlled the changes in sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) extractable phosphorus during flooding. It was shown that the reduction of iron(III) oxides was the dominant source of the P released during flooding. However, the amount of P released was strongly inhibited by re-sorption. Direct measurement of the amount of iron(III) reduced during flooding and measurement of phosphate sorption were required to predict the amount of P released during flooding. Organic matter contributed toward the P released during flooding. Its contribution appeared to be by mineralization, rather than by accelerating FeIII reduction. The reduction of MnIII and MnIII was a minor source of P in the untreated soils. Changes in soil pH during flooding were responsible for desorption of freshly applied P, but did not appear to affect P release in the untreated soils. The Vertisols and some of the Alfisols showed very little, or no release of P during flooding.

scholarly journals Distribution and geochemical behaviour of anionic surfactants determined as ethyl violet active substances in Lake Biwa, Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo Yoshida ◽  
Shunsuke Kudari ◽  
Toshitaka Hori ◽  
Masahito Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Ethyl Violet ◽  
Geochemical Behaviour ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Jiu-Yu Li ◽  
Chen-Yang Xu ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

scholarly journals Liming Effects of Sawdust Ash and Lime on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield in Acidic Soil of Southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. V. Ogbenna ◽  
V. E. Osodeke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Head Weight

Aim: A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sawdust ash and lime (Ca(OH)2) on soil characteristics and yield of sunflower in acidic soil of southeastern Nigeria. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, using sawdust ash (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 t ha-1) as the sub plot and lime (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 t ha-1) as the main plot. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted outdoors at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2010 planting season. Materials and Methods: Treatment combinations were applied to the 60 buckets containing soil, mixed thoroughly and watered adequately. After 1 week of treatment application, two sunflower seeds were planted and later thinned to one seedling per bucket. Plant growth and yield data were collected. Pre planting and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil properties. Results: Results showed that with the exception of organic carbon there was significant effect of treatments on all soil chemical properties. Lime and sawdust ash (SDA) as single and combined treatments significantly increased total nitrogen (P=0.05), available phosphorus (P<0.010), and base saturation (P<0.012). The interaction between SDA and lime significantly (P=0.05) increased total exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity, while soil pH was significantly increased (P=0.05) by single applications. The increases in soil chemical properties led to significant positive response of the sunflower. With the exception of number of leaves, other plant parameters (Plant height, stem diameter, head weight, 50 seed weight, head diameter) had significant increases for sawdust ash alone at P=0.05. Correlation studies showed positive significant relationship between soil pH and sunflower yield. Conclusion: The study showed that sunflower performed best at the combination of 3 tha-1 SDA and 1.5 t ha-1 lime producing a mean head weight of 45.4 g.

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