Physico-chemical studies of water quality of Singanallur lake, Coimbatore, south India

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Mathan Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Textile Mills ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
I 11 ◽  
High Level

Water pollution is a major environmental problem in India, especially pollution of rivers, lakesand ponds caused by people's daily activities but also by industry, The growing population andthe contaminated growth in agriculture, rapid urbanization and industrialization, have led to anincreasing demand for water. In India, pollution from various sources is seriously degradingfreshwater sources, Coimbatore is the second largest city in TamilNadu, South India. There aremore than 25,000 small, medium, large and tiny industries and textile mills. The unplanned anduncontrolled expansion of Coimbatore has brought in its wake serious pressures on its naturalresources.Singanallur Lake (major source for irrigation) is situated between 10', 56' 46' latitude and 77'0 I' 11" longitudes at Southwest of Coimbatore city, South India. The lake with an area of 835 m2is divided into two equal halves having a connection for water in between. The south half of thelake receives freshwater only during rainy reason from Noyyal River (highly polluted river)through a canal and north half receives urban, domestic and industrial wastewater. During rainyseason storm water and road runoff enters the lake through Sanganoor pallam. The catchmentarea is 125 km2 comprising a part of Coimbatore urban and suburban areas. The present studywas carried out over a period of January 2004 - December 2004 and the sample was collected at30 days interval in two zones namely, middle zone and sewage mixing zone.The study depicts high level of pollution at sampling station near sewage mixing zone. The physicochemical parameters like BOD, COD, DO, solids, chlorides, carbonates etc., are exceeding safelimits. The lake with such high level of pollutants is unfit for irrigation.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Melamchi River of Sindhupalchok District, Central Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abhr R Mishra ◽  
Ranjana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The present study was carried out to estimate the physico-chemical characteristic of Melamchi River from January 2011 to December 2013 with a view to assess the nature and degree of pollution. Melamchi River is a snowmelt and rain fed river. River water is mainly used for drinking and irrigation. Water samples were collected on monthly basis from five sites of river. Parameters analyzed include temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, hardness, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, and nitrate. The study revealed seasonal fluctuations of the factors. River water was well oxygenated and alkaline in nature. High level for turbidity (43.25/ NTU) was observed during monsoon, which exceeded compliance levels of WHO (2011) tolerance limits (5/ NTU) for domestic use. Water contained more TDS and EC indicating the impact of agriculture and deforestation near the river area. The analyzed physico-chemical parameters were found within the permissible limit of WHO, except turbidity. Measures should be taken to regulate agricultural and deforestation activities upriver to avoid advert conditions.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015,, Page: 9-18 

scholarly journals Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Physico-Chemical Factors of Melamchi River, Sindhupalchok, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Abha R. Mishra ◽  
Chitra Bahadur Baniya
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
High Level

The fish community and physico-chemical properties at five sites of Melamchi River were studied monthly from January 2011 to December 2013.    Melamchi River is one of tributaries larger Indrawati River basin, originates from the high snowy Jugal Mountain (5,875 m asl). Eleven fish species within two orders and five families were recorded.   Cypriniformes  was  found  to  be  the  most  dominant  order  with  ten  fish  species. Schizothorax plagiostomus  was the most common fish species followed by  Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, and  Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis.  Shannon Wiener fish diversity index and species richness recorded were highest at site 2 and lowest at site 5, whereas, evenness index was highest at site 3. The cluster analysis revealed  that  similarity  between  fish  species  decreased  as  the  distance  between  the  sites  increased.  Fish species were found distributed among four groups with respect to the significant habitat characteristics in the redundancy analysis (RDA). River water was found well-oxygenated and alkaline at all sites. However, high level for turbidity (43.25/ NTU) was observed at site 5, which exceeded compliance levels of WHO indicating the influence of intensive agriculture and deforestation along river area. To improve fish diversity and water quality of this river proper monitoring and management are an urgent need.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, Page: 10-18

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Udayagiri area, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, South India Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arveti Nagaraju ◽  
Arveti Thejaswi ◽  
Yenamala Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
South India ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
El Alto ◽  
High Level

Hydrogeochemical studies were carried out in and around Udayagiri area of Andhra Pradesh in order to assess the chemistry of the groundwater and to identify the dominant hydrogeochemical processes and mechanisms responsible for the evolution of the chemical composition of the groundwater. Descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, principal component analysis (PCA), together with cluster analysis (CA) were used to gain an understanding of the hydrogeochemical processes in the study area. PCA has identified 4 main processes influencing the groundwater chemistry viz., mineral precipitation and dissolution, seawater intrusion, cation exchange, and carbonate balance. Further, three clusters C1, C2 and C3 were obtained. Samples from C1 contain high level of Cl− and may be due to the intensive evaporation and contamination from landfill leachate. Most of the samples from C2 are located closer to the sea and the high level of Na+ +K+ in these samples may be attributed to seawater intrusion. The geochemistry of water samples in C3 are more likely to originate from rock weathering. This has been supported by Gibbs diagram. The groundwater geochemistry in the study area is mostly of natural origin, but is influenced to some degree by human activity.  Evaluación de la calidad del agua subterránea a través de técnicas estadísticas multivariadas en el área Udayagiri, distrito Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, en el sur de IndiaResumenSe realizaron estudios hidrogeoquímicos en y alrededor del área Udayagiri de Andhra Pradesh para evaluar la química del agua subterránea e identificar los procesos hidrogeoquímicos dominantes y los mecanismos responsables de la evolución en la composición química del agua subterránea. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas, matrices de correlación, análisis de componentes principales, al igual que análisis de grupos, para obtener y entender los procesos hidrogeoquímicos en el área de estudio. Los análisis de componentes principales identificaron cuatro procesos determinantes que influenciaron la química del agua subterránea, estos son, la precipitación y disolución de minerales, l intrusión de agua marina, el intercambio de cationes y el equilibrio de carbonatos. De esta forma se obtuvieron tres grupos, C1, C2, y C3. Las muestras del grupo C1 contienen un alto nivel de Cl- , lo que podría deberse a la intensa evaporación y contaminación de los lixiviados de rellenos sanitarios. Muchas de las muestras del grupo C2 se ubican cerca del mar y el alto nivel de Na++K+ podría atriburise a la intrusión de agua marina. La geoquímica de las muestras de agua en el grupo C3 probablemente se desprende de la meteorización de rocas. El diagrama de Gibbs valida estos resultados. La geoquímica del agua subterránea en el área de estudio es principalmente de origen natural pero también está influenciado por la actividad humana en algún grado.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Studies of Ground Water and Filter Water Samples in Ramanagra Taluk, Ramanagara District, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
P. Nagegowda ◽  
A R Chethankumar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Filter Water ◽  
Water Filters

The main objective of our study was to convey the importance of water to mankind. We can survive without food for several weeks, because our body will gradually switch to using stored fat and protein to make its energy, but cutoff of water supply leads to death of mankind within few days. Around two third of our body is water. On average we need 2.4 liters of water on each day to keep us healthy that’s the only reason people spend so much of money on water filters that will remove harmful impurities. In the early ages before the existence of filters, tubehole water was one of the sources of drinking water in our taluk. But according to the analysis in the recent years we found that this tubehole water had contamination of fluoride (2). In the later years many research scholars took initiative for the removal of fluoride in the tubehole water. This initiated us to make a comparative study to assess the quality of both filter and tubehole water found in the region of Ramanagara Taluk. Unfortunately through our research we found that some of the water samples were unfit for drinking. Water samples of few areas were selected for qualitative analysis of water. Water samples were analyzed for examination of pH, alkalinity, acidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, nitrate, fluoride and sulphate. It is important to monitor the physical properties of both filter and tubehole water, as it is a early warning signal that something is happening to water.

scholarly journals PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING BISHOFITE FROM RAPE OF LAKES KARAUMBET AND BARSAKELMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
R.R. Tozhiev ◽  
O.S. Bobokulova ◽  
H.Ch. Mirzakulov
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Soda Ash

The process of obtaining bischofite from Karaumbet and Barsakelmes brine by its two-stage steaming with an intermediate release of sodium chloride was studied. At the same time, calcium and sulfate ions of brine have been removed by precipitation with soda ash and its waste - distiller liquid. The individuality of magnesium chloride hexahydrate has also been confirmed by X-ray and IR spectroscopic methods of analysis. The composition and quality of 6-aqueous magnesium chloride meets the requirements of State Standard 7759-73 for commercial bischofite.

Physico-chemical Analysis of Tangashree Ghrita

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha F. Hosur ◽  
Mamatha K. V. ◽  
Veena B. Kupati
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies

Quality of the drug is basic need of the era, Analytical tests are helpful to overcome the impurity or substandard of drugs. By following these tests we can ensure the qualities of drugs and promise the good result in treating the disease. Materials and methods: Physico‐chemical studies like Refractive index, Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value and moisture content were carried out as per the WHO guidelines, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia and Indian Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: Standardization tests done on Tangashri Ghrita are useful in authentication and ensuring the quality of the same.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Adjoining Areas of Sambhar Lake, A Ramsar Wetland of Rajasthan, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H Bhat ◽  
K. C Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Lake City

Water is not only essential for drinking but also needed for agriculture and industrial use. However, for safe and sustainable use of water for any sector, its quality is to be ensured. Therefore, the study was carried out for water quality of samples collected from different sites in the Lake periphery as well as in the catchment areas. Groundwater samples were collected from different locations of Sambhar Lake city and its adjoining area for their physico-chemical studies. The standard methods of APHA were used to analysis 8 samples collected from hand pumps, bore wells and tube wells of the specified area. The analytical results show pH varies between 7.4-8.6, Electrical conductivity between 1723 µs/cm-23400 µs/cm, Total hardness between 402.0 mg/l-3657.0 mg/l, Calcium between 103.21 mg/l-943.43 mg/l, Alkalinity between 309.69 mg/l-496.92 mg/l, Chloride between 543.0 mg/l-9926.0 mg/l, Magnesium 35.11 mg/l-316.0 mg/l, Total dissolved solids between 1175 mg/l-14900 mg/l, Sulphate between 117.6 mg/l-943.98 mg/l, Fluoride between 0.69 mg/l-2.01 mg/l, Nitrate between 7.69 mg/l-28.45 mg/l, Iron between 0.19 mg/l-0.42 mg/l, Boron between 0.76 mg/l-1.98 mg/l, Zinc between 0.01 mg/l-0.97 mg/l, Chromium between 0.012 mg/l -0.033 mg/l, Copper between 0.037 mg/l -0.065 mg/l, Manganese between 0.11 mg/l-0.97 mg/l, Lead 0.011 mg/l-0.12 mg/l, Sodium 67.0 mg/l -2312.0 mg/l, Potassium 3.40 mg/l -18.90 mg/l.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

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