scholarly journals Phytoremediation of polluted soil at two sites in the district of Klaipeda (Lithuania)

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Rapolas Liuzinas ◽  
Karolis Jankevicius ◽  
Mudis Salkauskas ◽  
Valerijus Rasomavicius ◽  
Zigmantas Gudzinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Tussilago Farfara ◽  
Heavy Fractions ◽  
Artemisia Campestris

The vegetation cover of two sites contaminated with heavy fractions oil products:Klaipeda State Oil Terminal (KSOT) of 130,000 sq. m area, and Pauoscio RailwayStation (PRS) of 60,000 sq. m area-has been investigated.It has been established, that phytotoxical effect begins with heavy oil concentrationsreaching I 000 g/m2 or 5 000 mg per l kg of dry soil. Such heavy oil containsp-edominantly tar (by 55 percent) and light hydrocarbons (below C28) composed of thefollowing factions (in percentage): paraffin-naphtene hydrocarbons - 15, olefins andcyclodiolefines -5, alkilaromatic - l, alkidiaromatic -4, polyaromatic -20.Also, plant species and communities have been identified. The KSOT site has been foundto nurture 271 species of vascular plants. The most part of this flora consists of referralplants aD'.I those specific for littoral sands. The most polluted area has been found tonurture 38 plant species.The most resistant to the fuel oil pollution are plants having long rootstocks and longtaproots: Calamagrostis epigejos, Carex hirta, Elytrigia repens, Leymus arenarius, Poacompressa, Artemisia campestris, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Tanacetumvalgare, Tussilago farfara. Some of them can be used in ex-situ remediation of the oilpolluted soil at biodegradation ranges. They can also be used as model plants inexperimental selection of cultivated plants for bioremediation purposes.

scholarly journals Production of High Purity Biosurfactants Using Heavy Oil Residues as Carbon Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Athina Mandalenaki ◽  
Nicolas Kalogerakis ◽  
Eleftheria Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Heavy Oil Residues ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Heavy Oil Residue

Typically, oil pollution cleanup procedures following first response actions include dispersion. Crude oil is biodegradable, and its bioavailability can be increased when dispersed into very fine droplets by means of chemical surfactants. Although their use is widely spread in many applications, the latter may prove toxic, depending on the extent of use. The use of biological means, such as bioremediation and biosurfactants, has emerged over the past years as a very promising ‘green’ alternative technology. Biosurfactants (BSs) are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms during biodegradation, thus increasing the bioavailability of the organic pollutants. It is their biodegradability and low toxicity that render BSs as a very promising alternative to the synthetic ones. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 strain ability to produce BSs, without any impurities from the substrate, was investigated. The biosurfactant production was scaled up by means of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a heavy oil residue substrate as the carbon source. The product is free from substrate impurities, and its efficiency is tested on oil bioremediation in the marine environment. The product’s dispersion efficiency was determined by the baffled flask test. The production method proposed can have a significant impact to the market, given the ever-increasing demand for ecologically friendly, reliable, commercially viable and economically competitive environmental cleanup techniques.

Fuel Oil Prepared by Blending Heavy Oil and Coal Tar

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojie Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Guo ◽  
Yongfa Zhang ◽  
Yaling Sun ◽  
Bo Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Fuel Oil

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Laccase to Bacterial Consortia Degrading Heavy Oil

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2025
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Dai ◽  
Jing Lv ◽  
Wenxia Wei ◽  
Shaohui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Biodegradation Efficiency

High-efficiency bioremediation technology for heavy oil pollution has been a popular research topic in recent years. Laccase is very promising for the remediation of heavy oil pollution because it can not only convert bio-refractory hydrocarbons into less toxic or completely harmless compounds, but also accelerate the biodegradation efficiency of heavy oil. However, there are few reports on the use of laccase to enhance the biodegradation of heavy oil. In this study, we investigated the effect of laccase on the bacterial consortia degradation of heavy oil. The degradation efficiencies of bacterial consortia and the laccase-bacterial consortia were 60.6 ± 0.1% and 68.2 ± 0.6%, respectively, and the corresponding heavy oil degradation rate constants were 0.112 day−1 and 0.198 day−1, respectively. The addition of laccase increased the heavy oil biodegradation efficiency (p < 0.05) and biodegradation rate of the bacterial consortia. Moreover, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that the biodegradation efficiencies of the laccase-bacterial consortia for saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons were 82.5 ± 0.7% and 76.2 ± 0.9%, respectively, which were 16.0 ± 0.3% and 13.0 ± 1.8% higher than those of the bacterial consortia, respectively. In addition, the degradation rate constants of the laccase-bacterial consortia for saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons were 0.267 day−1 and 0.226 day−1, respectively, which were 1.07 and 1.15 times higher than those of the bacterial consortia, respectively. The degradation of C15 to C35 n-alkanes and 2 to 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by laccase-bacterial consortia was higher than individual bacterial consortia. It is further seen that the addition of laccase significantly improved the biodegradation of long-chain n-alkanes of C22–C35 (p < 0.05). Overall, this study shows that the combination of laccase and bacterial consortia is an effective remediation technology for heavy oil pollution. Adding laccase can significantly improve the heavy oil biodegradation efficiency and biodegradation rate of the bacterial consortia.

Response to the Esso Bernicia oil spill

1995 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Peter Foxton ◽  
Martin Heubeck
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

SynopsisA brief description is given of the accident to the tanker Esso Bernicia that resulted in the release of 1174 tonnes of heavy fuel oil into the harbour at Sullom Voe. The measures taken to deal with the spill and the resulting oil pollution are described and their effectiveness assessed. Aspects of the environmental effects are considered with particular reference to birds, otters and sheep. Wide-ranging inquiries were made into the cause of the incident, the adequacy of the response, and the effects of the pollution. The actions that resulted are described. Finally the significance of the event is considered in relation to the subsequent development of oil spill contingency planning at Sullom Voe, and in the wider context of Shetland.

Kalaeloa: Combined Cycle Power Station Burning Low Sulfur Fuel Oil in Its Ninth Successful Year

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Khalaf ◽  
B. Basler
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
Low Sulfur

This paper presents the O&M experience at the Kalaeloa Cogeneration Plant. Performance issues and other problems related to firing heavy oil in a combustion turbine are presented together with their long-term solutions leading to the current successful operation of the IPP power station in Hawaii, USA.

Analyses of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Intertidal Sediments Resulting from Two Spills of No. 2 Fuel Oil in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Teal ◽  
Kathryn Burns ◽  
John Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Marsh Sediments ◽  
Insight Into

We have analyzed the two- and three-ring aromatic hydrocarbons from the Wild Harbor oil spill in September 1969 and the Winsor Cove oil spill in October 1974, in intertidal marsh sediments, using glass capillary gas-chromatographic and mass-fragmentographic analyses. Naphthalenes with 0–3 alkyl substitutions and phenanthrenes with 0–2 substitutions decreased in concentration with time in surface sediments. The more substituted aromatics decreased relatively less and in some cases actually increased in absolute concentration. The changes in composition of the aromatic fraction have potential consequences for the ecosystem and provide insight into geochemical processes of oil weathering. Key words: oil pollution, aromatic hydrocarbons; gas chromatography; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; geochemistry; marsh; sediments; oil spills

scholarly journals Studies on the Production of Gasoline from Heavy oil (furnace oil) by Thermal Cracking

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
M Yunnus Miah ◽  
M Naimul Haque ◽  
Sujit Kumar Banik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Petroleum Fraction ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric

Heavy fuel oil (furnace oil) was thermally cracked by thermal cracker under different parametric conditions such as cracking temperature, molar ratio of heavy oil to diesel and cracking time to optimize the yield of the final product. In this thermal cracking process, the yield was gradually increased with the increase in temperature and time. After a certain temperature and time no significant increase in yield was observed. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was done to observe the percentage of weight loss with increasing temperature. The obtained cracked oil was fractionated by atmospheric vacuum distillation unit. Products obtained from different experiments under different conditions showed almost similar physico-chemical properties. Optimization was done on the basis of yield (%wt). The optimum yield (56.2%) of light petroleum fraction (gasoline) was obtained under the following experimental conditions: cracking temperature: 445°C; molar ratio of furnace oil to diesel 95:05; and cracking time: 30 min. The properties such as density, water content, ash content, pour point, flash point, viscosity, range of boiling point, sulphur content, carbon residue, octane number etc. of the obtained light petroleum fraction were found almost similar to that of the commercial grade gasoline. Key words: Furnace oil; Thermal cracking; Gasoline; Thermo gravimetric analysis. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4601 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 473-478, 2009

Effects of Egg Oiling on Larid Productivity and Population Dynamics

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Lewis ◽  
Richard A. Malecki
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Larus Marinus ◽  
Nest Materials ◽  
Dose Responses

Abstract Small quantities of petroleum may adhere to the plumage, feet, or nest materials of breeding birds and be transferred to their eggs during incubation. In this study, oil was applied to naturally incubated Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus) and Herring Gull (L. argentatus) eggs, and its effects on reproductive success were assessed. Embryo survival was inversely proportional to the quantity of petroleum applied to eggshell surfaces. Dose responses, however, were dependent on embryonic age at the time of treatment. Eggs of either species, treated with 10-20 μl of No. 2 fuel oil 4-8 days after laying, experienced significant reductions in hatching success. Embryos oiled past the midpoint of the 28-day incubation period were insensitive to as much as 100 μl of petroleum. Fuel oil weathered outdoors for several weeks was as toxic as fresh oil to larid embryos. Productivity estimates obtained following various oil treatments indicated that only under severe conditions (e.g. large doses of petroleum contaminating young embryos) could egg oiling have a significant impact upon populations of the Herring Gull and species with similar life-history characteristics. Species that are more sensitive to oil, however, those having lower reproductive potentials and higher postfledging mortality rates or those subject to other stresses, may be more adversely affected by oil pollution.

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