Designing Voluntary Subsidies for Forest Owners under Imperfect Information

The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.

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strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

10.31227/osf.io/6j9qf ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Suci Handayani Handayani ◽

Hade Afriansyah

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Imperfect Information ◽

Economic Value ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Administrative Process ◽

Left Behind ◽

Information Time ◽

Complex Matter ◽

General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

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Waldpolitik des Bundes – Ein neuer Prozess ist gestartet | Federal forest policy – the start of a new process

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2001.0531 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 152 (12) ◽

pp. 531-533

Author(s):

Werner Schärer

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Protection Policy ◽

Joint Task ◽

New Process ◽

Clean Air ◽

Landscape Protection

Modern forest policy must take the following two conditions into account:1. Forest policy is an intersectoral policy involving elements of regional policy, nature conservation and landscape protection policy, as well as agricultural, clean-air, climate and economic policies.2. It is the joint task of the federal authorities, cantons, municipalities,relevant organisations and forest owners. Over the next few years, Buwal will develop a forestry programme for Switzerland together with all the relevant actors,which will fulfil both current and forthcoming forest policy requirements at both national and international levels.

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Senkenanrechnung gemäss Kyoto-Protokoll: Perspektiven für die Waldwirtschaft | Taking carbon sinks into account according to the Kyoto Protocol: a prospect for the forest sector

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2008.0296 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 159 (9) ◽

pp. 296-302

Author(s):

Richard Volz

Keyword(s):

Kyoto Protocol ◽

Emissions Trading ◽

Wood Products ◽

Forest Sector ◽

Carbon Sinks ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Trading Market ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

Emission Reduction Target ◽

Actual Target

The Kyoto Protocol makes provisions for carbon sinks from forest management to be taken into account as a contribution towards fulfilling a country's emission reduction target. Additional emission allowances are allocated for these forest carbon sinks. If Switzerland uses this extra contingent of allowances to the full it would then only have to reduce emissions by 4.5% instead of the actual target of 8%. Emission allowances from carbon sinks can be traded on the emissions trading market and be claimed by forest owners. An assessment of the income that could be anticipated was carried out in four forestry companies: with the CO2 price set at 10 CHF per ton it was seen that a potential revenue of between 6 and 71 CHF per hectare and year could be realised. However, the legal basis for allocating emission allowances from carbon sinks to forest owners has yet to be created. In view of the fact that the two chambers of Parliament refused the introduction of the Forests Act Revision Bill, it is not clear if and in what form this will be done. For the period after 2012, the rules will be renegotiated at the international level and it is expected that the carbon stored in harvested wood products will be taken into account. Accordingly, wood removed from the forest would no longer be automatically counted as a CO2 source in the emission balance.

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La politique forestière vaudoise: une orientation résolument «patrimoine multifonctionnel» | Forestry policy in the canton of Vaud: the “multifunctional heritage” option

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2011.0209 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 162 (7) ◽

pp. 209-215

Author(s):

Jean-François Métraux

Keyword(s):

Driving Force ◽

Management Plan ◽

The Political ◽

Wood Production ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Forestry Policy ◽

Forestry Management ◽

Political Decisions ◽

Forest Managers

In the years since 2000, the authorities in charge of forests in canton Vaud have made some substantial changes as a reaction to the political decisions arising from the Swiss Forest Programme and the projected revision of the Federal forestry Law, as well as to the deterioration of the economic situation in forestry enterprises. This article gives a survey of the directions taken. Thus the canton recognises the primordial role of wood production as a driving force behind the creation of a multifunctional forest. The Service for Forests, Wildlife and Nature has invested a great deal in planning, and has redefined the management plan to be an instrument intended for forest owners and forest managers. The canton has innovated by introducing forestry groups and a scheme of equalisation of forestry costs between communes. Hence the conception of forestry management in canton Vaud is resolutely that of a multifunctional natural heritage.

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Ergebnisse und Trends der forstlichen Betriebsabrechnung im Kanton Aargau von 1991 bis 2002 | Results and trends of the forest accounts in the canton of Argovia 1991-2002

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2003.0254 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 154 (7) ◽

pp. 254-257

Author(s):

Ernst Steiner

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Production Chain ◽

Low Levels ◽

Forest Enterprises ◽

Catastrophic Damage

In recent years public forest owners in the canton of Argovia have carried out considerable structural changes. The positive consequences to the accounts arising from these changes can be confirmed and documented using a number of various measurements from the forest accounts. Until 1999 the results of structural changes compensated for the decrease in wood revenues, even managing in some cases to move from loss to profit. The falls in profit following the catastrophic damage caused by the hurricane Lothar in December 1999 also meant falling accounts. Even in internationally comparable enterprise structures, the survival of forest enterprises is not assured at these low levels. Against a background of, above all, falling subventions without corresponding compensation, further structural changes are unavoidable. Such changes, however, can only lead to success if value is added along the entire production chain and the branch of forest and wood management is able to compete internationally.

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