Decentralized Autonomous Organizations: Internal Governance and External Legal Design

Carbon emissions from energy consumption of commerce in Qinhuangdao are calculated from year 2001 to 2010, which show a growing tendency from total amounts and intensity. The limited factors of low-carbonization of commerce in Qinhuangdao are analyzed and the corresponding advices of low-carbonization of commerce are raised. Commercial enterprise enterprise should actively take internal governance, control the carbon emission of commercial buildings and properly select suppliers. The government should play a leading role and provide a good external environment for low carbon commercial development, which includes reasonably planning business industrial and commercial network layout, guide the use and development of the low-carbon techniques in commercial field, establishing special funds of low carbon business development to support the medium and small business enterprises, and strengthening the guide of low-carbon consumption.

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CSR Initiatives and Practices: Empirical Evidence From Indian Metal and Mining Companies

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211032674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110326

Author(s):

Ajay K. Singal

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Local Domain ◽

Internal Governance ◽

Domain Experts ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Extractive Sector ◽

Second Tier ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Text Network Analysis

This study investigates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourse on community and environment by Indian metal and mining (extractive) sector. Specifically, we examine the change in internal governance and external implementation mechanisms in response to affirmative CSR policy actions. Applying text network analysis technique on CSR related expenditures provided in the annual reports and CSR annexures (2014–2018), our study reveals that CSR discourse of extractive firms improved significantly and became more focused after the introduction of post-affirmative policy. CSR initiatives in the extractive sector are primarily focused toward local social development, with little emphasis on the environmental sustainability. Furthermore, companies have adopted two-tier governance structures for managing CSR. The top tier comprises board members who formulate the CSR programs, while the second tier has executives responsible for the implementation. Another tier of governance involving local domain experts is emerging. The three-tier implementation mechanisms give firms a tighter control on spending and enhance the effectiveness of initiatives. We present the results visually in the form of network graphs.

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Internal governance and corporate acquisition activities

Eurasian Economic Review ◽

10.1007/s40821-020-00180-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yankuo Qiao

Keyword(s):

Internal Governance

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