Schools, sexual violence, and safety: Adolescent girls and writing resistance at an afterschool program in suburban Mumbai

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-350
Author(s):  
Usree Bhattacharya ◽  
Kathleen R. McGovern
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Afterschool Program

Freedom of Movement and Adolescent Sexual Violence in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091858
Author(s):  
Anita Raj ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Jay G. Silverman ◽  
Nandita Bhan ◽  
Kathryn M. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Urban Adolescent ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Urban Adolescent Girls ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study assesses associations between freedom of movement and sexual violence, both in marriage and outside of marriage, among a representative sample of adolescents in India. We analyzed data from girls aged 15 to 19 years ( n = 9,593) taken from India’s nationally representative National Family Health Survey 2015–2016. We defined freedom of movement using three items on whether girls could go unaccompanied to specified locations; we summated responses and categorized them as restricted, or unrestricted. We used multivariable regression to assess associations between restricted movement and nonmarital violence, and with marital sexual violence among ever-married girls. Results show that only 2% of girls reported nonmarital sexual violence, among married and unmarried girls; 6% of married girls reported marital sexual violence. Most girls (78%) reported some restriction in movement. Restricted movement was negatively associated with nonmarital sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.31, 0.87], p = .01) but positively associated with marital sexual violence (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI = [1.82, 8.25], p < .001). Further analyses highlight that the observed association with nonmarital sexual violence was specific to urban and not rural girls. These findings reveal that approximately one in 30 adolescent girls in India has been a victim of sexual violence. Restricted movement is associated with lower risk for nonmarital sexual violence for urban adolescent girls, possibly due to lower exposure opportunity. Married girls with restricted movement have higher odds of marital sexual violence, possibly because these are both forms of control used by abusive husbands. Freedom of movement is a human right that should not place girls at greater risk for nonmarital violence or be used as a means of control by abusive spouses. Social change is needed to secure girls’ safety in India.

‘I was fully consenting’: sexual violence voiced by an adolescent girl

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Louhela
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Listening Guide ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Listening Guide

In this article, I study how an adolescent girl with an institutional background voices her previous experiences of a statutory sex crime relationship. The data were generated during 2013–2017 and analysed using the Listening Guide method in order to find different contrapuntal and situated voices and contextual layers from the girl’s story.The results indicate that different temporal, situational and contextual aspects can be part of the perceptions of sexual consent and abuse. Furthermore, the impression and experiences of being cared for in an abusive relationship interrelate in how the abusive sexual experiences are voiced even after a long period of time. A concept of abusive illusion of care was introduced to describe one of the aspects related to this phenomenon and it was suggested that it should be included in Jenny Pearce’s social model of abused consent.It is proposed that sexual consent could be approached as a situated and contextualised issue and from the perspective and recovery process of the victim; and, as such, an ongoing and proceeding negotiation on consent should also be allowed afterwards. In addition, new and caring ways of creating safe connections in order to confront sexual violence without silencing any voices are needed.<br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>More nuanced knowledge is needed about especially vulnerable adolescent girls polyphonic voices about sexual consent and its connection to temporal experiences of caring.</li><br /><li>Sexual consent could be considered as an ongoing and proceeding negotiation which takes into account situational and contextual aspects.</li></ul>

Sexual Violence Against Adolescent Girls: Labeling It to Avoid Normalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1146-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giussy Barbara ◽  
Federica Collini ◽  
Cristina Cattaneo ◽  
Federica Facchin ◽  
Paolo Vercellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls

scholarly journals Social Network Clustering of Sexual Violence Experienced by Adolescent Girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (7) ◽  
pp. 796-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly B. Shakya ◽  
Christopher J. Fariss ◽  
Christopher Ojeda ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Elizabeth Reed
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Network Clustering

scholarly journals KEKERASAN DALAM PACARAN (KDP) PADA REMAJA PUTRI USIA 15-18 TAHUN DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 4 KOTA BENGKULU

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Gaipyana Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
High Incidence

Many teens do not realize that behind the beauty of dating did not escape from the things that lead to violence is popularly called dating violence. This event looks like the iceberg phenomenon, where the case is still far greater, but many things that make it rise to the surface. The purpose of this study is to describe dating violence in adolescent girls aged 15-18 years. The study uses a descriptive research design. The results showed that 56.3 % experienced emotional abuse in dating, 23.4% experienced sexual violence in dating, 39.2 % experienced physical violence in dating, 29.7% experienced economic abuse in dating and 43 % had a tendency to be a victim violence in dating. Sexual violence is a form of violence experienced by most tendency to violence in dating (30%). The conclusion of this study is the high incidence of dating violence in adolescent girls aged 15-18 years.

scholarly journals The Role of Stress and Genital Immunity in Sexual Trauma and HIV Susceptibility Among Adolescent Girls and Adult Women (The THRIVE Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Case-Control Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila K Stockman ◽  
Katherine M Anderson ◽  
Maile Y Karris ◽  
Constance A Benson ◽  
Kiyomi Tsuyuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND The relationship between sexual violence and HIV risk has been extensively documented through social and behavioral research; however, the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the THRIVE (Trauma and HIV Risk: Investigating Stress and the Immune Disruption of the Vaginal Environment) Study is to examine the impact of sexual trauma due to sexual violence on HIV susceptibility through dysregulation of soluble inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV biomarkers in the female genital tract and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis among adolescent girls and adult women. METHODS The THRIVE Study is a longitudinal case-control study conducted in San Diego, CA, among a racially diverse sample. Cases are adolescent girls (aged 14-19 years) or adult women (aged 20-45 years) who have experienced forced vaginal penetration by a phallus perpetrated by a man within the past 15 days. Controls are adolescent girls or adult women who have engaged in consensual vaginal sex with a man within the past 15 days. At baseline and 1- and 3-month follow-up study visits, participants undergo a urine-based pregnancy test; venipuncture blood draw for HIV, C-reactive protein, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and progesterone testing; a 45-min interviewer-administered computer survey; and cervicovaginal lavage to measure proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV soluble immune biomarkers. After each study visit, participants self-collect saliva specimens (upon waking, 30 min after waking, and 45 min after waking) at home for 3 consecutive days, which are later assayed for cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Participants receive compensation at each study visit and for the return of saliva specimens, and a list of local medical and support services. Study procedures use trauma-informed care methods, given the sensitive nature of the study and enrollment of women in the acute phase after sexual trauma. All research staff and investigators adhere to ethical principles and guidelines in the conduct of research activities. Data will be analyzed for descriptive and inferential analyses. RESULTS The recruitment of participants is ongoing. The publication of the first results is expected by late 2021. CONCLUSIONS The THRIVE Study will provide foundational knowledge on how sexual trauma due to sexual violence increases susceptibility to HIV acquisition via alterations in cervicovaginal immune regulation and the psychobiology of the stress responses. These findings will inform future research on mechanistic models of in vitro and in vivo injury and cervicovaginal wound healing processes, which may lead to the development of nonvaccine biomedical HIV prevention products for girls and women. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/18190

scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence across adolescent girls and young women in Mombasa, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background We sought to estimate the prevalence and describe heterogeneity in experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) across subgroups of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Methods We used data from a cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey among 1299 AGYW aged 14–24 in Mombasa, Kenya in 2015. Respondents were recruited from hotspots associated with sex work, and self-selected into one of three subgroups: young women engaged in casual sex (YCS), young women engaged in transactional sex (YTS), and young women engaged in sex work (YSW). We compared overall and across subgroups: prevalence of lifetime and recent (within previous year) self-reported experience of physical, sexual, and police violence; patterns and perpetrators of first and most recent episode of physical and sexual violence; and factors associated with physical and sexual violence. Results The prevalences of lifetime and recent physical violence were 18.0 and 10.7% respectively. Lifetime and recent sexual violence respectively were reported by 20.5 and 9.8% of respondents. Prevalence of lifetime and recent experience of police violence were 34.7 and 25.8% respectively. All forms of violence were most frequently reported by YSW, followed by YTS and then YCS. 62%/81% of respondents reported having sex during the first episode of physical/sexual violence, and 48%/62% of those sex acts at first episode of physical/sexual violence were condomless. In the most recent episode of violence when sex took place levels of condom use remained low at 53–61%. The main perpetrators of violence were intimate partners for YCS, and both intimate partners and regular non-client partners for YTS. For YSW, first-time and regular paying clients were the main perpetrators of physical and sexual violence. Alcohol use, ever being pregnant and regular source of income were associated with physical and sexual violence though it differed by subgroup and type of violence. Conclusions AGYW in these settings experience high vulnerability to physical, sexual and police violence. However, AGYW are not a homogeneous group, and there are heterogeneities in prevalence and predictors of violence between subgroups of AGYW that need to be understood to design effective programmes to address violence.

scholarly journals Association between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Henrietta Chinelo Ezegbe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Abstract Background Unintended pregnancy has dire consequences on the health and socio-economic wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) (aged 15-24 years). While most studies tend to focus on lack of access to contraceptive information and services, and poverty as the main contributing factor to early-unintended pregnancies, the influence of sexual violence has received limited attention. Understanding the link between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy is critical towards developing a multifaceted intervention to reduce unintended pregnancies among AGYW in South Africa, a country with high teenage pregnancy rates. MethodsDrawing from cross-sectional data obtained among AGYW in a South African university between June and November 2018, we estimated the magnitude of unintended pregnancy among AGYW and also examined the effect of sexual violence on unintended pregnancy. A final sample of 451 girls aged 17-24 years, selected using stratified sampling, were included in the analysis. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis to examine the effect of sexual violence on unintended pregnancy. ResultsThe analysis shows that 41.9% of all respondents had experienced an unintended pregnancy, and 25.9% of those unintended pregnancies ended in abortions. Unintended pregnancy was higher among survivors of sexual violence (54.4%) compared to those who never experienced sexual abuse (34.3%). In the multivariable analysis, sexual violence was consistently and robustly associated with increased odds of having an unintended pregnancy (AOR:1.70; 95% CI: 1.08-2.68).ConclusionAddressing unintended pregnancies among AGYW in South Africa requires interventions that not only increase access to contraceptive information and services but also reduce sexual violence and cater for survivors.

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