scholarly journals Keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan silang pada hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan (Physalis spp)

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/9368 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Zainyah Salmah Arruum ◽  
Budi Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Design Pattern ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Study Success ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Tanaman ciplukan digunakan untuk menghasilkan buah segar, bahan baku nutraceutical, dan biofarmasi. Kapasitas genetik ciplukan dapat ditingkatkan dengan hibridisasi interspesifik. Ketidakcocokan adalah masalah yang muncul pada persilangan antarspesies. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2020. Penelitian menggunakan bahan 5 spesies ciplukan, yaitu Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, dan P. ixocarpa. Pola perkawinan dialel digunakan serta pengamatan terhadap hasil penyerbukan diamati. Hasil penyerbukan silang interspesifik memiliki derajat kompatibilitas yang berbeda. Kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri pada setiap spesies tinggi. Penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) kompatibel. Inkompatibilitas parsial terdapat pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2) , P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Inkompatibilitas lengkap terjadi pada penyerbukan silang P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) dan P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang yang kompatibel menghasilkan perbedaan pada karakteristik buah dan benih. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) menghasilkan jumlah benih yang berbeda pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik.AbstractCiplukan is used as a fresh fruit, nutraceutical raw materials, and biopharmaceuticals. Genetic capacity of ciplukan can be increased by interspecific hybridization. Incompatibility is an issue obtained during the interspecific hybridization. Research objective was to study success rate and compatibility of self-pollination and cross-pollination ciplukan interspecific hybridization. Research was conducted at Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya from January to June 2020. Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, and P. ixocarpa were species included in this study. A diallel mating design pattern was used as well as observations of pollination. Interspecific cross pollination was found to have differing degrees of compatibility. Compatibility of self-pollination in each species is high. Interspecific cross-pollination of P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) is compatible. Partial incompatibilities exist in interspecific cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Complete incompatibility occurred in cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) and P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Compatible self-pollination and cross-pollination resulted differences in fruit and seed characteristics. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) developed different numbers of seeds following interspecific cross-pollination.

scholarly journals Cytological Observation and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination in Dendrobium Officinale

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Yaling Chen ◽  
Benchang Hu ◽  
Fantao Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Luo ◽  
Jiankun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Cytological Observation ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Medicinal Value

Dendrobium officinale is a rare and traditional medicinal plant with high pharmacological and nutritional value. The self-incompatibility mechanism of D. officinale reproductive isolation was formed in the long-term evolution process, but intraspecific hybridization of different germplasm resources leads to a large gap in the yield, quality, and medicinal value of D. officinale. To investigate the biological mechanism of self-incompatibility in D. officinale, cytological observation and the transcriptome analysis was carried out on the samples of self-pollination and cross-pollination in D. officinale. Results for self-pollination showed that the pollen tubes could grow in the style at 2 h, but most of pollen tubes stopped growing at 4 h, while a large number of cross-pollinated pollen tubes grew along the placental space to the base of ovary, indicating that the self-incompatibility of D. officinale may be gametophyte self-incompatibility. A total of 63.41 G basesum of D. officinale style samples from non-pollinated, self-pollination, and cross-pollination by RNA-seq were obtained, and a total of 1944, 1758, and 475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison of CK (non-pollinated) vs. HF (cross-pollination sample), CK vs. SF (self-pollination sample) and SF vs. HF were identified, respectively. Forty-one candidate genes related to self-incompatibility were found by function annotation of DEGs, including 6 Ca2+ signal genes, 4 armed repeat containing (ARC) related genes, 11 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) related genes, 2 Exo70 family genes, 9 ubiquitin related genes, 1 fatty acid related gene, 6 amino acid-related genes, 1 pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein (LRX) related gene and 1 lectin receptor-like kinases (RLKs) related gene, showed that self-incompatibility mechanism of D. officinale involves the interaction of multiple genes and pathways. The results can provide a basis for the study of the self-incompatibility mechanism of D. officinale, and provide ideas for the preservation and utilization of high-quality resources of D. officinale.

scholarly journals Time of flowering and fertilisation of quince varieties

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contradictory Data

Literature dealing with flowering and fertilisation of quince is scarce. Most controversial and scanty are informations on observations of self- and cross-pollination. According to our observations, differences in blooming time are few (2-3) days only, thus flowering of most varieties is synchronous. The varieties observed are grouped as early, intermediate and late flowering ones. Self fertility of the individual varieties, however, was not assessed unequivocally, therefore it is recommended, by safety reasons, to consider quince actually as a whole to be auto-incompatible. Artificial self-pollination (or rather geitonogamy) as well as cross pollination with other varieties increased substantially fruit set if compared with the results of natural self-pollination (autogamy). According to the fruit set of their open pollinated flowers, varieties have been classified according to fertility as low (below 10 %), medium (between 10 and 20 %) and high (more than 20 %). Cross fertility of varieties is highly variable depending on combination and on season. Contradictory data are probably due to the sensitivity of quince to conditions of search. Better fruit set was coincident with higher number of stout seeds per fruit. Well developed seeds are definitely a prerequisite of larger fruit size.  

scholarly journals Identifying Pollen Donors and Success Rate of Individual Pollinizers in European Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Using Microsatellite Markers

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Meland ◽  
Frøynes ◽  
Fotiric Akšić ◽  
Pojskić ◽  
Kalamujić Stroil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Simple Sequence

European plum cultivars (Prunus domestica L.) are hexaploid and partially self-fertile or self-sterile requiring compatible pollinizers with overlapping bloom times. Therefore, inter-planting of different pollinizer cultivars is recommended. In order to identify successful pollinizers of the plum cultivars ‘Edda’, ‘Opal’ (self-fertile), ‘Jubileum’, ‘Reeves’, ‘Mallard’, ‘Avalon’, ‘Cacanska Lepotica’ (self-fertile), and ‘Valor’, 60 fruits per cultivar were collected from nine orchards in 2017 and 2018, all of which were located in Ullensvang, western Norway. DNA extraction was subsequently conducted from the obtained embryos, followed by genetic characterization using seven microsatellite markers. Tissue samples from all possible pollinizers were collected during the summer of 2017 and the same DNA approach was conducted. Results showed that ‘Opal’ was the most successful pollinizer among the investigated plum cultivars. The main exception was ‘Cacanska Lepotica’, which consistently displayed very high level of self-pollination. The most successful foreign pollinizer of ‘Opal’ was ‘Mallard’. However, in more than two thirds of embryos extracted from ‘Opal’ fruits self-fertilization was determined. ‘Reeves’ was identified as the most successful pollinizer among embryos collected from ‘Valor’. Among the five cultivars (‘Edda’, ‘Jubileum’, ‘Reeves’, ‘Mallard’, and ‘Avalon’) that did not display self-pollination, the pollinizer success rate of ‘Opal’, ranged from 36.5% (‘Mallard’) to 93.5% (‘Edda’) in 2017, while in 2018 this rate ranged from 43.5% (‘Jubileum’ and ‘Reeves’) up to 96.5% (‘Edda’). Overall, genotyping embryos using SSRs (simple sequence repeats) proved an effective method in determining the success rate of individual pollinizers among European plum cultivars.

The mating system of Acrotriche serrulata (Ericaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Schneemilch ◽  
Emma Steggles
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Pollination Experiments ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

Controlled pollination experiments were conducted on Acrotriche serrulata R.Br. (Ericaceae) to determine the mating system for this species. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were investigated to ensure effective timing and sourcing of material for maximum fertilisation. Stigmas were found to be receptive in mature buds, with receptivity maintained while nectar remained within the corolla tube. Germination testing showed that pollen from within mature buds was viable. The mating system of A. serrulata was found to be predominantly outcrossing, with 49.8% of cross-pollinated flowers developing to fruit, compared with 8.7% of self-pollinated flowers. Seed viability did not differ significantly between fruits produced by cross-pollination and those produced by self-pollination, although this may be attributable to low sample sizes available for self-pollinated fruits. These results in combination with morphological features of the flower suggest that a pollinator is required for this species.

Breeding System and Tests for Pollen-Limitation in Two Species of Banksia

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Goldingay ◽  
RJ Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

Three factors that potentially influence fruit set (breeding system, inadequate cross-pollination and variable floral display) were examined for two species of Banksia. Firstly, self-pollination and autogamy treatments failed to produce any fruit in B. spinulosa and produced very few fruit in B. paludosa. This suggests that cross pollen is required to produce the level of fruit set observed in the field. Secondly, when plants were given abundant cross pollen, fruit set was not altered in B. spinulosa but was in B. paludosa. Although the number of follicles per inflorescence was was not different for open- pollinated (control) and manipulated B. paludosa inflorescences, the latter produced twice the proportion of inflorescences with follicles produced by control plants and twice the total number of follicles per plant. Thirdly, larger floral display in open-pollinated B. spinulosa plants was associated with a greater production of fruit. However, larger floral display was not associated with a greater reproductive output in B. paludosa, and we suggest that recurrent pollen-limitation in this species may be responsible for this result.

scholarly journals Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (49) ◽  
pp. 14145-14150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Chang ◽  
Zhufeng Chen ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Jiawei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Red Fluorescence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

The breeding and large-scale adoption of hybrid seeds is an important achievement in agriculture. Rice hybrid seed production uses cytoplasmic male sterile lines or photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (PTGMS) as female parent. Cytoplasmic male sterile lines are propagated via cross-pollination by corresponding maintainer lines, whereas PTGMS lines are propagated via self-pollination under environmental conditions restoring male fertility. Despite huge successes, both systems have their intrinsic drawbacks. Here, we constructed a rice male sterility system using a nuclear gene named Oryza sativa No Pollen 1 (OsNP1). OsNP1 encodes a putative glucose–methanol–choline oxidoreductase regulating tapetum degeneration and pollen exine formation; it is specifically expressed in the tapetum and miscrospores. The osnp1 mutant plant displays normal vegetative growth but complete male sterility insensitive to environmental conditions. OsNP1 was coupled with an α-amylase gene to devitalize transgenic pollen and the red fluorescence protein (DsRed) gene to mark transgenic seed and transformed into the osnp1 mutant. Self-pollination of the transgenic plant carrying a single hemizygous transgene produced nontransgenic male sterile and transgenic fertile seeds in 1:1 ratio that can be sorted out based on the red fluorescence coded by DsRed. Cross-pollination of the fertile transgenic plants to the nontransgenic male sterile plants propagated the male sterile seeds of high purity. The male sterile line was crossed with ∼1,200 individual rice germplasms available. Approximately 85% of the F1s outperformed their parents in per plant yield, and 10% out-yielded the best local cultivars, indicating that the technology is promising in hybrid rice breeding and production.

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