Optimal pollination conditions for seed set after a self-pollination, an intraspecific cross and an interspecific cross of marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Euphytica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela P. Brown ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
A. F. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Self Pollination

Electrophoretic evidence supporting self-incompatibility in Lotus corniculatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dobrofsky ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Self Pollination

Self-incompatibility, a prefertilization event, and self-sterility, a postfertilization event, have both been suggested as causes for differences in seed set between cross- and self-pollinated florets in Lotus corniculatus L. Ovary protein subunits of selfed, crossed, and unpollinated florets of L. corniculatus cv. Mirabel were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Banding patterns differed for all three conditions. Ovary protein differences were found prior to the time fertilization is known to occur, thereby providing evidence that self-incompatibility is at least partially responsible for the reduced seed set after self-pollination.

INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING ALFALFA. VI. INEFFECTIVENESS OF ALLOPLOIDY IN INDUCTION FERTILITY IN MEDICAGO PIRONAE × M. DAGHESTANICA HYBRIDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Plant Meiosis

Colchicine treatment of hybrids from the interspecific cross Medicago pironae Vis. × M. daghestanica Rupr. induced the formation of three tetraploid shoots, one with 2n = 29 and two with 2n = 32, in their somatic nuclei. Their flowers had 21, 44 and 62% plasma-filled pollen, respectively. No seed was obtained from these tetraploids after selfing and intercrossing more than 1,200 flowers, indicating the presence of a built-in fertility barrier between the two species.By applying pollen from the tetraploid hybrids to alfalfa (M. sativn L.) two trispecies hybrids with 2n = 34 and 30 chromosomcs were produced. The first had 32%, the second 22% plasma-filled pollen grains. On backcrossing to M. sativa, a higher seed set was obtained with pollen from the 2n = 34 plant than from the 2n = 30 plant. Meiosis in the 2n = 30 plant was abnormal. At MI multivalents were observed, indicating that chromosomal material may be interchanged between M. pironae-daghestanica and M. sativa. Approximately half the meiocytes at AI possessed lagging chromosomes and only 6% of secondary meiocytes at AII were without disturbances.

The Breeding Systems of Stylidium graminifolium and Stylidium productum (Stylidiaceae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Willis ◽  
JE Ash
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Pollination Experiments ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South West ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Close Relationship

The breeding systems of Stylidiurn grarninifolium and S. producturn (= S. grarninifoliurn var. caulescens) were studied by observing the phenology of individual flowers and inflorescences, and relating the data to a series of pollination experiments within and between the species. Inter-specific pollinations yielded similar levels of seed-set to crosses within the species indicating a close relationship between the taxa. Self-pollination of either species is uncommon; however, when it occurs, the majority of selfed ovules are aborted post-zygotically, probably by a system of recessive lethals, as there is no indication of an incompatibility system. It is concluded that the breeding systems of S. grarninifoliurn and S. productum, two of the few eastern Australian species, are similar to those of many Stylidiurn species from the south-west, casting doubt upon hypotheses that the breeding system has led to high rates of speciation in the south-west.

scholarly journals Comparative reproduction mechanisms of three species of Ocimum L. (Lamiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Oziegbe ◽  
Temitope Olatayo Kehinde ◽  
Joshua Olumide Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Open Treatment ◽  
Fruit And Seed Set

<em>Ocimum</em> species have a combination of reproductive system which varies with the locality and cultivar. We have studied here the reproductive mechanisms of five variants of three <em>Ocimum</em> species in Nigeria, namely: <em>Ocimum canum</em> Sims., <em>O. basilicum</em> L., and <em>O. americanum</em> L. Flowers from each variant were subjected to open and bagged pollination treatments of hand self-pollination, spontaneous self-pollination and emasculation. All open treatments of the five <em>Ocimum</em> variants produced more fruit and seed than the corresponding bagged treatments. The two <em>O. canum</em> variants and <em>O. basilicum</em> ‘b<span><sub>1</sub></span>’ produced high fruit and seed set in the open and bagged treatments of spontaneous self-pollination. <em>Ocimum basilicum</em> ‘b<span><sub>2</sub></span>’ and <em>O. americanum</em> produced higher fruit and seed set in the self-pollination open treatment but significantly lower fruit and seed set in the bagged treatment. Fewer fruit and seeds were produced in the emasculated open treatments but none in the emasculated bagged treatments of the five <em>Ocimum</em> variants. The floral foragers comprising of bees, wasps and butterflies visited the <em>Ocimum</em> species to collect pollen or nectar in the open treatments. The two <em>O. canum</em> variants and <em>O. basilicum</em> ‘b<span><sub>1</sub></span>’ variant reproduced mainly through autogamy but <em>O. basilicum</em> ‘b<span><sub>2</sub></span>’ and <em>O. americanum</em> showed mixed reproduction of autogamy and outcrosssing. Insect visitation to the flowers enhanced pollination resulting in higher fruit and seed set in all the <em>Ocimum</em> species studied.

scholarly journals QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of Sclerotinia-resistance in the wild cabbage species Brassica oleracea var. villosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bergmann ◽  
Jan Menkhaus ◽  
Markus Schemmel ◽  
Wanzhi Ye ◽  
Mario Hasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Fungal Interactions

Abstract Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil-producing crops worldwide. The narrow gene pool of oilseed rape hampers its resistance breeding. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most destructive diseases in many oilseed rape growing regions, worldwide. So far, no effective genetic source of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus germplasm is available, and yet knowledge of molecular plant-fungal interactions is limited. To identify new resistance source against SSR, we generated a segregating F2 population for Sclerotinia resistance with 510 individuals from an interspecific cross between the resistant B. villosa (BRA1896) and a wild susceptible B. oleracea (BRA1909). Genetic mapping using a 15k Illumina Infinium SNP-array resulted in a high-density genetic map that contains 1,118 markers and spans a total genetic length of 792.2 cM. QTL-analysis identified 7 QTLs for Sclerotinia-resistance and 5 QTLs for trichome-phenotype, which explain up to 16.85 % and 34.45 % of corresponding phenotypic variance, respectively. Although a partial co-localization of major QTLs for trichome-phenotype and Sclerotinia-resistance was given, no functional association between these two traits could be validated. In addition, comparative RNAseq analysis suggests that activation of JA- and ethylene-mediated responses plays a central role in the Sclerotinia-resistance, associated with a stronger plant immune response, depressed cell death and elevated phytoalexin biosynthesis in B. villosa. Our data demonstrate that the wild Brassica oleracea complex represents a novel and unique genetic source of Sclerotinia resistance for breeding resistant oilseed rape against SSR.

Pollination biology of Syngonanthus elegans (Eriocaulaceae - Poales)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Oriani ◽  
Paulo T. Sano ◽  
Vera L. Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
System A ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
A Minor

Studies on the pollination biology of Eriocaulaceae are scarce although particularly interesting because of its inclusion in the Poales, a predominantly wind-pollinated order. The pollination biology of Syngonanthus elegans (Bong.) Ruhland was studied during two annual flowering periods to test the hypothesis that insect pollination was its primary pollination system. A field study was carried out, including observations of the morphology and biology of the flowers, insect visits and pollinator behaviour. We also evaluated seed set, seed germination and seedling development for different pollination modes. Although seeds were produced by self-pollination, pollination by small insects contributed most effectively to the reproductive success of S. elegans, resulting in the greatest seed set, with the highest germination percentage and optimum seedling vigour. The floral resources used by flower visitors were pollen and nectar that was produced by staminate and pistillate flowers. Self-pollination played a minor role and its consequence was inbreeding depression.

Disassortative pollination in the distylous plant Jepsonia heterandra

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2401-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred R. Ganders
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Self Pollination

Stigmatic pollen loads were analyzed from naturally pollinated intact and emasculated pin- and thrum-form flowers of Jepsonia heterandra. Observed pollen loads on stigmas of emasculated flowers were compared with expected loads based on random pollination. Observed pollen loads indicated that 13.2% disassortative pollination occurred in the pin form and 43.5% disassortative pollination in the thrum form. Pollen loads from intact flowers indicated that much more self pollination and geitonogamy takes place in the pin form than in the thrum form. In this species, distyly effectively promotes phenotypic disassortative pollination.It is suggested that the adaptive significance of distyly m a diallelic self-incompatible species is that the resultant disassortative pollination increases seed set in the population.

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