scholarly journals Toksisitas ekstrak biji Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae) terhadap mencit putih (Mus musculus Strain DDY)

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/3589 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena ◽  
Danar Dono ◽  
Ivan Febriana
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Weight Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati adalah Bitung (Baringtonia asiatica) yang teruji mengandung terpenoid dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak kasar (B. asiatica) terhadap mencit putih (Mus musculus) dan potensinya sebagai rodentisida nabati. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pengujian toksisitas B. asiatica terhadap mencit dilakukan secara oral dengan menghitung LD50 menggunakan metode analisis probit. Pengamatan perilaku mencit yang keracunan ekstrak B.asiatica dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Wagner & Wolff.  Pengamatan perubahan fisiologis mencit yang teracuni ekstrak metanol biji B. asiatica dilakukan dengan menggunakan kandang metabolisme (Nalgane Metabolic Cages). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji B. asiatica bersifat toksik terhadap mencit putih (M. musculus) dengan nilai LD50 = 2022 ppm atau 0,2022% dan digolongkan ke dalam skala toksistas 3 yaitu senyawa dengan toksisitas sedang. Ekstrak B. asiatica mempengaruhi sistem syaraf pusat dan dapat mengakibatkan perubahan pada organ detoksifikasi. Ekstrak biji B. asiatica dapat meningkatkan produksi urin, menurunkan laju konsumsi dan produksi feses, dan menurunkan pertumbuhan bobot mencit. Dengan demikian ekstrak biji B. asiatica berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif rodentisida. One of the plants that potentially as botanical pesticides is the Bitung (Baringtonia asiatica) which is tested contained of terpenoid and saponin. This research aimed was to determine the toxicity of crude extracts (B. asiatica) to white mice (Mus musculus) and their potential as botanical rodenticides. The research used an experimental method with complete randomized design. B. asiatica toxicity testing in mice was carried out orally by calculating LD50 using the probit analysis method. Observation of the behavior of B.asiatica extract poisoning mice was carried out using the Wagner & Wolff method. The physiological experience of mice which were poisoned by the methanol extract of B. asiatica seeds was carried out using a cage (Nalgane Metabolic Cages). The results showed that B. asiatica seed extract was toxic to white mice (M. musculus) with LD50 = 2022 ppm or 0.2022% and classified into toxicity scale 3, namely compounds with moderate toxicity. B. asiatica extract affects the central nervous system and in turn detoxifying organs. B. asiatica seed extract can increase urin production, reduce the rate of consumption and facial production, and reduce the weight level of mice. Therefore that B. asiatica seed extract potentially to be developed as an active ingredients of rodenticides.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES DERIVED FROM Pangium edule Reinw AND Annona muricata L. SEED EXTRACTS ON THE “GAY GANTUNG” DIAMONDBACK MOTH, Plutella xylostella L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Ernest Hanny Sakul
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Randomized Design

Insecticidal properties of fractioned extracts from Pangium edule Reinw seed and Annona muricata seed against Plutella xylostella larvae were investigated in the laboratory. The study was initiated to investigate the possibility of using botanical pesticides to control P.xylostella, a serious cosmopolitan pest of crucifer plants. The study aims to determine the most effective concentration and the most active extract;  to evaluate the different extract concentrations on the treated larvae; and to characterize the phytochemical contents of the most effective extracts fraction. The study was an experiment initiated by test of phytochemical screening test in order to discover the presence of secondary metabolites in the extracts. It was followed by the test of mortality of the diamondback moth larvae. Furthermore, the extracts hexane fraction and etanol fraction, were conducted with completely randomized design; The LC50 values were determined following probit analysis, the data were treated in the software programme IBM Statistic SPSS 20. Results showed that n-hexane fraction is the most effective againts larvae (LC50-48h = 12,71 mg/L) from P.edule seed extract, (LC50-48h = 50,81 mg/L) from A.muricata seed extract. Larva mortality was highest using 1000 ppm n-hexane fraction (96,6%) derived from P.edule seed extract, (93,3%) derived from A.muricata seed extract. The ethanol fraction tested positive for alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol and tannins. N-hexane fraction of P.edule seed extract, and A.muricata seed extract are an effective botanical insecticides exhibiting larvicidal and antifeedant properties against P.xylostella thus it can be alternative to synthethic insecticides. Results indicate that these botanical insecticides have good possibilities for control of P.xylostella. Further work is necessary to evaluate and characterize the active components of the extract fractions and its efficacy in the fieldInsecticidal properties of fractioned extracts from Pangium edule Reinw seed and Annona muricata seed against Plutella xylostella larvae were investigated in the laboratory. The study was initiated to investigate the possibility of using botanical pesticides to control P.xylostella, a serious cosmopolitan pest of crucifer plants. The study aims to determine the most effective concentration and the most active extract;  to evaluate the different extract concentrations on the treated larvae; and to characterize the phytochemical contents of the most effective extracts fraction. The study was an experiment initiated by test of phytochemical screening test in order to discover the presence of secondary metabolites in the extracts. It was followed by the test of mortality of the diamondback moth larvae. Furthermore, the extracts hexane fraction and etanol fraction, were conducted with completely randomized design; The LC50 values were determined following probit analysis, the data were treated in the software programme IBM Statistic SPSS 20. Results showed that n-hexane fraction is the most effective againts larvae (LC50-48h = 12,71 mg/L) from P.edule seed extract, (LC50-48h = 50,81 mg/L) from A.muricata seed extract. Larva mortality was highest using 1000 ppm n-hexane fraction (96,6%) derived from P.edule seed extract, (93,3%) derived from A.muricata seed extract. The ethanol fraction tested positive for alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol and tannins. N-hexane fraction of P.edule seed extract, and A.muricata seed extract are an effective botanical insecticides exhibiting larvicidal and antifeedant properties against P.xylostella thus it can be alternative to synthethic insecticides. Results indicate that these botanical insecticides have good possibilities for control of P.xylostella. Further work is necessary to evaluate and characterize the active components of the extract fractions and its efficacy in the field

scholarly journals The Spermicide Effect from Methanol Extract of Kalangkala Seed (Litsea angulata) to Spermatozoa Mice (Mus musculus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rommy Akmal ◽  
Kuswanto Kuswanto ◽  
Syarifah Fahrunnisa ◽  
Ridha Aulia Rahmi ◽  
Nur Ema Putri Bayanil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Randomized Design

Men involvement in family planning needs to be increased by providing natural spermicide from natural source which is safer. One of them is kalangkala seed which is endemic plant in South Kalimantan. The spermicide effect from methanol extract of kalangkala seed to mice spermatozoa was studied in this research by in vitro method. Spermatozoa suspension was taken from epididymis cauda of twenty five male Balb/c mice. This research used a complete randomized design with five treatments i.e control which without any addition; spermatozoa suspension + NaCMC 0.5%; spermatozoa suspension + methanol extract of kalangkala seed 0.1%; spermatozoa suspension + methanol extract of kalangkala seed 0.3%; and spermatozoa suspension + methanol extract of kalangkala seed 0.5% with five repetitions for each treatment. The result of this study showed that methanol extract of kalangkala seed caused decrease of motility and movement velocity mice spermatozoa until achieve zero value in 0.5% concentration. Key words: kalangkala seed, mice, spermatozoa, natural spermicide

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK BIJI BENGKUANG TERHADAP WALANG SANGIT (Leptocorisa acuta Thunb.) PADA TANAMAN PADI

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evrialiani Rosba ◽  
Moralita Catri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Extract ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
D 20

One of the biggest pests in rice plants were walang sangit (Leptocorisa acuta Thunb.) Where an attack by sucking plant fluids resulting grain hollow and fragile in the mill. In case of severe attack can reduce rice yields reached 100%. Attempts to control this pest is mostly done with synthetic pesticides. The use of synthetic pesticides can result in damage to the environment. To overcome such effects it is necessary to control that do not pollute the environment. One way to use botanical pesticides, namely yam seed extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on the control of yam seed extract walang sangit (Leptocorisa acuta Thunb.) In rice plants. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A (0 g / L, B (10 g / L), C (15 g / L), D (20 g / L), E (25 g / L), F (30 g / L). Data mortality observations were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with DNMRT test. Data were collected for the time of death walang sangit (L.acuta Thunb.) and mortality walang sangit (L.acuta Thunb). The results showed that the death walang sangit (L. acuta Thunb) The fastest is at a concentration of 30 g / L is 4.7 days and the slowest was 12.67 days, whereas the mortality walang sangit (L.acuta Thunb.) is the highest is at a concentration of 30 g / L is 63.3% and the lowest concentration of 0 g / L of 5%

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) Sebagai Antihiperkolesterolmia Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)

bionature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramlah Ramlah
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Abstract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of extract leaf pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) to total cholesterol levels of mice (Mus musculus) male ICR strain. Leaf pedada extracted using 96% methanol by maceration. This study is a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 5 treatments and 5 replicates the normal group (distilled water), positive group (Simvastatin), a group of leaf pedada extract at a dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg. The extract was dissolved using Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 0.5% and given orally in mice which had previously been given a high cholesterol feed. The results showed the methanol extract of leaves cemba with the dose of 500 mg/kg hads the highest effectiveness in lowering total cholesterol levels in mice which have hypercholesterolemia with a 30,20 % percentage drop. These results indicate that of the giving leaf extract pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) able to lower total cholesterol levels of mice (Mus musculus) male hypercholesterolaemia.Keywords: Antihipercholesterolemia, total cholesterol, Methanol extract of  leaf pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris), mice (Mus musculus) ICR male.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Limbah Debu Tembakau sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Ulat Grayak

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Yumna Aqilah Khairunnisa ◽  
Sholahuddin Sholahuddin ◽  
Ato Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Green House ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Waste Extract

<p>Botanical pesticides produced from tobacco plants are reported to be the most toxic compared to other types of plants because it contain 2-8% nicotine substances. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of tobacco dust waste extracts and determine the concentration of the most effective tobacco dust waste extract against armyworms. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Pest and Plant Disease and C Green House Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta from April-July 2018. The stages of this study include the multiplication of <em>S. litura </em>test larvae, preparation of botanical insecticides from tobacco dust waste, mortality test, antifeedant test and phytotoxicity test. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that tobacco dust waste was able to increase the mortality of <em>S. litura </em>larvae, but with a slower effect compared to the treatment of profenofos. Feeding barriers are not seen in the test larvae. The phytotoxicity test shows that tobacco dust waste was not toxic to plants. Based on probit analysis, the concentration of tobacco dust waste which was capable of killing 50% of the population of <em>S. litura </em>was equal to 53.10 gL-1.</p>

PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) TERHADAP GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI SUKROSA

BioScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Elsa Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
State University ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Zoology Department

Patients withdiabetes mellitus (DM) continues to grow because prosperity and people's lifestyles.Treatment of diabetes often usei njections of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs. Thetreatment has no side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective drugs using plants thatred betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.). Red betel leaf contains flavonoids which are antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect and dose of extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) The most effective agains blood glucose in mice(Mus musculusL.) male induced sucrose.This study was an experimental study. The research was conducted in October 2015 in the Division of Laboratory Animal and Zoology Department of Biology, State University of Padang. The subject of research in the form of mice (Mus musculus L.) males totaled 24 tails. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatment is given as follows: treatment I: the diabetes control without any treatment given, treatment II: as a negative control (sucrose 3 g/kg bw), treatment III: sucrose+suspension of red betel leaf extract (dosage 0,7 g/kg bw), treatment IV: sucrose+suspension of red betel leaf extract (dosage 1,4 g/kg bw), treatment V: sucrose+suspension of red betel leaf extract (dosage of 2,1 g/kg bw) and treatment VI: sucrose+suspension extracts red betel leaf (dosage 2,8 g/kg bw).The results showed that the extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) at a dose of 0,8 g/kg bw 1,4 g/kg bw 2,1 g/kg bw and 2,8 g/kg bw can lowers blood glucose in mice. However, the most appropriate dose in lowering blood glucose in mice (Mus musculus L.) at 2,8 g/kg bw in mice.

PENENTUAN NILAI PARAMETER LIPOFILITAS SENYAWA 4-KLOROBENZOILTIOUREA DAN UJI POTENSIASI TERHADAP TIOPENTAL PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dini Kesuma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Log P ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Nervous System Depressant ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Synthesis of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was carried out by acylating thiourea with 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound  will increase the lipophilic and the electronic properties other than the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea in order to, by expectation, raise the central nervous system depressant as well. The lipophilic would affect the ability of the compounds in penetrating biological membranes, which is highly dependent on the solubility of the drug within lipid/water. Log P is the most common method used in determining the parameter value. This experiment was to mix two dissolvents (octanol and water) which are immissible. The both levels of the compounds were carefully observed by a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. From the test, the result of log P value of the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound was 2.32, while the theoretical log P value of the compounds, by using the π Hansch-Fujita method is 1.62 and the f Rekker-Mannhold method is 2.225. Consequently, the result of the test shows that there is a significant difference between the progress experiment and both theoretical log P methods. Moreover, in the test of the central nervous system depressant through the potentiation test to thiopental using mice indicates that the 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea compound have potentiation effects to thiopental compared to the lead compounds of benzoylthiourea.

Firlianty, Hermansyah, Windarina Samosir

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Agrienvi
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to know the effectivity of snakehead (Channa micropeltes) gel extract on the burns healing ofrat (Mus musculus). It was carried out for 4 months, September 2018 to January 2019. The study employed anexperimental method of Complete Randomized Design with 4 treatmnets and 3 replications. Treatment A wascontrol, B used 1.5% gel extract of C. micropeltes, C used 3 %, and D used 4.5%, respectively. Results revealed thatin day-4, 8 and 12 the administration of gel extract of C. micropeltes gave significant effect on the burns healing of rat(Mus musculus) (Fcalc.> Ftab., 0.05).Keywords : gel extract, Channa micropeltes, rat Mus musculus, burns healing.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous neem seed extract via irrigation on larvae of Liriomyza sativae in melon crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewerton M Costa ◽  
Francisco EL Silva ◽  
Elton L Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Liriomyza Sativae ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Neem Seed Extract

ABSTRACT The leafminer [Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] is one of the main pests of melon crop (Cucumis melo) in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Thus, adopting strategies to control this destructive insect is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous neem seed extract, applied to soil via irrigation, on leafminer larvae, in the melon crop. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (four doses of aqueous neem seed extract: 1; 3; 5 and 10 g/100 mL) and the control consisting only of distilled water and 10 replicates (melon plants). The treatments were applied in a single dose, via soil irrigation. In the first stage of the evaluation, 24 hours after application, the number of dead larvae per plant was counted. In the second step, pupal mortality was recorded. The total mortality was also calculated considering the number of larvae and the number of emerged adults. We verified that, increasing the concentration of aqueous neem seed extract, an increase in the larval and pupal mortality of the leafminer in melon crop was noticed. The concentration 10 g/100 mL presented the best results, resulting in 36.4% of larval mortality, 96.5% of pupal mortality and 96.8% of total mortality.

scholarly journals Bixafen, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, causes microcephaly and motor neuron axon defects during development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Brenet ◽  
Rahma Hassan-Abdi ◽  
Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Vertebrate Model ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), the most widely used fungicides in agriculture today, act by blocking succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an essential and evolutionarily conserved component of mitochondrial respiratory chain. Recent results showed that several SDHIs used as fungicides not only inhibit the SDH activity of target fungi but also block this activity in human cells in in vitro models, revealing a lack of specificity and thus a possible health risk for exposed organisms, including humans. Despite the frequent detection of SDHIs in the environment and on harvested products and their increasing use in modern agriculture, their potential toxic effects in vivo, especially on neurodevelopment, are still under-evaluated. Here we assessed the neurotoxicity of bixafen, one of the latest-generation SDHIs, which had never been tested during neurodevelopment. For this purpose, we used a well-known vertebrate model for toxicity testing, namely zebrafish transparent embryos, and live imaging using transgenic lines labelling the brain and spinal cord. Here we show that bixafen causes microcephaly and defects on motor neuron axon outgrowth and their branching during development. Our findings show that the central nervous system is highly sensitive to bixafen, thus demonstrating in vivo that bixafen is neurotoxic in vertebrates and causes neurodevelopmental defects. This work adds to our knowledge of the toxic effect of SDHIs on neurodevelopment and may help us take appropriate precautions to ensure protection against the neurotoxicity of these substances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document