Charged Drop Dynamics Experiment Using an Electrostatic-Acoustic Hybrid System

1986 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Rhim ◽  
S. K. Chung ◽  
E. H. Trinh ◽  
D. D. Elleman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Rigid Body ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Acoustic Pressure ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Effective Surface ◽  
Charged Drop ◽  
Drop Dynamics ◽  
Equilibrium Shapes ◽  
A Charge

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the design and the performance of an electrostatic-acoustic hybrid system and its application to a charge drop rotation experiment. This system can levitate a charged drop electrostatically and induce drop rotation or oscillation by imposing an acoustic torque or an oscillating acoustic pressure. Using this system, the equilibrium shapes and stability of a rotating charged drop were experimentally investigated. A 3 mm size water drop was rotated as a rigid body and its gyrostatic equilibrium shapes were observed. Families of axisymmetric shapes, two-lobed shapes, and eventual fissioning have been observed. With the assumption of “effective surface tension” in which the surface charge simply modified the surface tension of neutral liquid, the results agree exceptionally well with the Brown and Scriven's prediction for uncharged drops.

Decay estimates of solutions for a hybrid system of flexible structures

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bopeng Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Decay Estimates ◽  
Uniform Decay ◽  
Estimates Of Solutions ◽  
Dissipative Boundary

We consider a hybrid system consisting of a cable linked at its end to a rigid body. It is proved that such a hybrid system can be asymptotically stabilized by means of dissipative boundary feedbacks. Uniform decay estimates of energy are also established.

The stability of pendent liquid drops. Part 2. Axial symmetry

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Energy Change ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Liquid Drops ◽  
Stable Equilibria ◽  
Equilibrium Shapes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Many ◽  
Horizontal Support

In a drop of liquid which hangs below a horizontal support or a t the end of a tube, the forces due to surface tension, pressure and gravity are in equilibrium. Amongst the many possible equilibrium shapes of the drop, only those which are stable occur naturally. The calculus of variations has been used to determine theoretically the stable equilibria, by calculating the energy change when the liquid in equilibrium experiences axially symmetrical perturbations under physically realistic constraints. If the energy change can be made negative, the drop is unstable. With this criterion, stable equilibria have been identified through which the naturally growing drops evolve until they reach a maximum volume, when they become unstable. These results are illustrated by calculations relating to typical experimental conditions.

Jumping drops on the surface of the water

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
A.G. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Rise Height

The paper proposes a theoretical model for the bouncing of a water drop on a free surface. The motion of a drop in air is described by the usual equations connecting the forces of inertia, gravity, and Stokes (viscosity resistance). The drop is considered spherical with a given surface tension. Numerical calculations were carried out using the same algorithm, but with different initial conditions. Some conditions are set for the droplet disintegration, others for the droplet reflection from the free surface. It is shown that the disintegration of a drop occurs periodically with a decrease in the drop size and an increase in the drop rise height. In the interval between droplet decays, periodic reflection from the free surface occurs with a decrease in the rise height.

PV-Battery Hybrid System with Less AH Capacity for Standalone DC Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Kolakaluri ◽  
C. Vyjayanthi ◽  
Suresh Mikkili
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Percentage Improvement ◽  
In Series ◽  
Average Current ◽  
A Charge

Abstract Partial Shading Condition (PSC) is one of the key issues faced by Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems. PSCs mainly occur due to clouds, shadows of trees/buildings, dust and so on. During the PSC, the shaded PV module acts like a sink and absorbs the power from highest irradiated modules in a string and leads to hotspot. This situation is highly vulnerable and has to be avoided. Bypass diodes are used in series configured PV modules to overcome the hotspot effect caused due to PSC. However, the use of bypass diodes leads to multiple peaks in the Power-Voltage (P-V) graph of a PV array. One among them is Global peak point, where PV array needs to operate under PSC. In such a case, some amount of power generated by the shaded modules gets wasted, which will lead to poor performance and efficiency of the overall system. Moreover, for standalone DC load applications an auxiliary supply also required to provide reliable supply to the load during night times and PSC. Normally, batteries are used in standalone systems as an auxiliary supply. To control the charging and discharging process of battery a bi-directional DC-DC converter is used as a charge/discharge controller. The amount of power that is being charged/discharged by batteries depends upon the load requirement and solar power availability. Under PSC, due to lack of extraction of PV power from shaded modules, batteries have to supply the deficient power to the load. This situation forces to increase the AH capacity of the battery to provide reliable supply. In this research article PV-Battery Hybrid system is proposed to improve the performance of PV under varying irradiance and load conditions with reduced AH capacity of battery for standalone DC loads. The performance assessment of proposed topology has been carried out with the comparison of percentage improvement in power extraction, percentage reduction in the average current consumption of battery and SoC delivered by battery with conventional methodologies of bypass diode and proposed methodology under PSC. The assessment is carried out on MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are presented.

The bursting of soap-bubbles in a uniform electric field

1925 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. R. Wilson ◽  
G. I. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Soap Bubble ◽  
Charged Drop ◽  
Mathematical Discussion ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
The Stability

The stability of a charged raindrop has been discussed mathematically by Lord Rayleigh. The case of an uncharged drop in a uniform electric field is perhaps of more meteorological importance but a mathematical discussion of the conditions for stability turns out to be very much more difficult in this case, owing to the fact that the drop ceases to be spherical before it bursts. Moreover it does not seem possible to express its geometrical shape by means of any simple mathematical expressions. On the other hand, by using a soap bubble instead of a water drop it was found possible to carry out experiments under well-defined conditions in this case, whereas experiments with Rayleigh's charged drop would be difficult.

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