Microgravity Materials Processing for Commercial Applications

1986 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kohli ◽  
P. L. Brusky ◽  
S. Diamond ◽  
A. J. Markworth ◽  
V. D. McGinniss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Conducting Research

AbstractMaterials processing in a microgravity environment is aimed at developing commercial materials as well as investigating basic phenomena to improve earth-based processing. Materials research in space has dealt with glasses and ceramics, crystal growth, electronic materials, metals and alloys, polymers, composites, and biological materials. Battelle has been conducting research in this area since the early-1970s. Several important results have been obtained in: immiscible alloys, containerless under-cooling of clustering alloys, sol-gel glasses, and collagen fibers.More recently, Battelle's Advanced Materials Center for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS) has been established to utilize the microgravity environment in the commercial development of composite and mixed-phase materials with substantially improved properties. Currently, the Center is conducting research in catalysts (variant-phase chlorides, zeolites, and mixed oxides), polymer systems, electronic materials (float-zone crystal growth on Type II-VI semiconductor crystals, particularly CdTe), and con-trolled- porosity glass. The present program focuses on a proof of principle for each research thrust, utilizing ground-based and suborbital facilities, together with modeling to demonstrate the potential for producing commercially important materials.Each of these research programs is outlined. In addition, the more important developments in each of the major categories of microgravity materials research is reviewed.

The Fluids Experiment Apparatus (fea) and Rockwell's Industrial Space Processing Research Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Space Processing ◽  
Experiment Hardware

AbstractRockwell International has long endeavored to stimulate industrial utilization of space for materials processing. A successful introductory briefing program to acquaint nonaerospace industry with the space environment, microgravity process phenomena, experiment hardware, and the programs available to conduct research in space has encouraged several companies to initiate space processing research projects.To help satisfy industry's microgravity experiment hardware requirements, Rockwell has developed a multipurpose materials processing laboratory for use on the Space Shuttle. The Fluids Experiment Apparatus (FEA) has been flown to perform floating zone crystal growth and purification research and is currently being used to support further crystal growth research with advanced materials for Rockwell. Other companies are preparing experiments that are expected to be conducted in the FEA on future Space Shuttle missions.Rockwell is developing, with NASA, a program that will allow industry to plan and fly microgravity materials processing experiments within a few months–much faster than the current one to two year lead time. This low-cost program, patterned after the NASA Joint Endeavor Program, provides Space Shuttle flight services and use ot the FEA to conduct scientific investigations. Rockwell plans to offer experiment integration and support services to industry as needed.

Up Close: Materials Division of NASA-Lewis Research Center

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Phillip Abel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Nasa Lewis Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Materials Research

The Materials Division in the Aerospace Technology Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Lewis Research Center has a distinguished history of contributions to advanced materials research and development. Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Lewis Research Center was originally built for aircraft piston engine research during World War II as a part of NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics. After the war, with its need for immediate engineering solutions ended, attention at Lewis turned to a variety of more fundamental research problems. As early as the 1950s, a portion of the experimental effort at Lewis sought new materials to withstand the extremely high temperatures within turbojet engines. The needs for materials to withstand ever more severe temperature/environment extremes continue, and recognition of these needs, in part, motivates the current materials research effort at NASA-Lewis. The Materials Division structure reflects the strengths as well as the diversity of research areas being investigated. Each of the eight branches making up the Materials Division is briefly sketched below.The Microgravity Materials Science Laboratory is a unique facility with the purpose of allowing industry, university, and government researchers to prepare for materials processing experiments to be done in the “microgravity” environment aboard the Space Shuttle.

Major Materials Meetings in Asia Provide Multiple-Week Interdisciplinary Exchange: Tokyo, Kyoto, Shangha Are Host Cities

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Cad Cam

The beginning of June saw the cities of Tokyo, Kyoto, and Shanghai host to several weeks of interdisciplinary exchanges on a broad spectrum of materials topics. The meetings began with the MRS International Meeting on Advanced Materials (May 30 - June 3) and continued with the Shanghai Workshop on Characterization of Ion Implantation in Silicon (June 2-3) held as part of the 7th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology in Kyoto (June 7-10), the 6th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (June 12-17), and the JSAP-MRS International Conference on Electronic Materials (June 13-15).During the week preceding the meetings, the International Trade Center grounds at Harumi were the site of an Advanced Materials and Engineering Exhibition. Machine tools, CAD/CAM, and advanced materials exhibits filled three pavilions. The Materials Research Society was represented in the advanced materials area where, through a brochure translated into Japanese, the Society and its programs were introduced to the exhibit's visitors.The concept for the MRS International Meeting on Advanced Materials held May 30 to June 3 took root several years ago and represents the first “MRS-style” event to be organized in Japan. Based on the enthusiastic participation by Japanese scientists and by a healthy complement of foreign scientists, it should repeat. MRS First Vice President R.P.H. Chang has been responsible for the interaction between the Materials Research Society and the meeting Organizers.General chairmen for the event were S. Somiya of the Nishi Tokyo University (currently a Principal Editor for Journal of Materials Research) and M. Doyama of Nagoya University. They assembled some 20 topical symposia which were held in two buildings of the Sunshine City complex in the Ikebukuro district of Tokyo. All the sessions were very well attended, with total meeting registrant numbers reaching over 1,500.

scholarly journals Up Close: Center for Advanced Materials Processing at Clarkson University

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia K. Ellis ◽  
Edward P. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
New York State ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
York State ◽  
Particle Processing

The Center for Advanced Materials Processing (CAMP) was established in 1985 by Clarkson University in Potsdam, New York. At that time, nearly half of the research at Clarkson was materials-related but was conducted in seven separate departments of science and engineering. To coordinate and encourage this strong materials program, CAMP was created as an interdisciplinary center dedicated to research on high-technology materials processing.The current corporate sponsors of CAMP are Corning Incorporated, Eastman Kodak, Xerox Corporation, and IBM. These and over 30 other industrial members support individual research projects. In 1987 the New York State Science and Technology Foundation designated CAMP as the New York State Center for Advanced Materials Processing, entitling CAMP to $1 million per year in operating funds. In addition, CAMP is supported by federal and University sources.In its role as an education and research initiative, CAMP has three goals:1. Enhance Clarkson University's expertise and reputation as a center of excellence in materials processing research.2. Greatly increase the mutually beneficial relationships between industrial organizations and the University; and3. Strengthen graduate and undergraduate education in materials processing.Innovative research by Egon Matijević, Distinguished University Professor, has contributed greatly to the development of the fundamental principles for the formation and interactions of colloidal dispersions. Using Matijević's work as a foundation, CAMP has developed four programs in high-technology materials research: electronic materials processing, fine-particle processing, particulate control in process equipment, and polymer processing.

scholarly journals Advances in Synthesis of π-Extended Benzosilole Derivatives and Their Analogs

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Tuan Thanh Dang ◽  
Hue Minh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Hien Nguyen ◽  
Tran Ngoc Dung ◽  
Minh Tho Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Potential Applications

Benzosiloles and their π-extended derivatives are present in many important advanced materials due to their excellent physical properties. Especially, they have found many potential applications in the development of novel electronic materials such as OLEDs, semiconductors and solar cells. In this review, we have summarized several main approaches to construct (di)benzosilole derivatives and (benzo)siloles fused to aromatic five- and six-membered heterocycles.

scholarly journals Elucidation of the Crystal Growth Characteristics of SnO2 Nanoaggregates Formed by Sequential Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Reaction and Freeze Drying

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Saeid Vafaei ◽  
Alexander Wolosz ◽  
Catlin Ethridge ◽  
Udo Schnupf ◽  
Nagisa Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Concentration

SnO2 nanoparticles are regarded as attractive, functional materials because of their versatile applications. SnO2 nanoaggregates with single-nanometer-scale lumpy surfaces provide opportunities to enhance hetero-material interfacial areas, leading to the performance improvement of materials and devices. For the first time, we demonstrate that SnO2 nanoaggregates with oxygen vacancies can be produced by a simple, low-temperature sol-gel approach combined with freeze-drying. We characterize the initiation of the low-temperature crystal growth of the obtained SnO2 nanoaggregates using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that Sn (II) hydroxide precursors are converted into submicrometer-scale nanoaggregates consisting of uniform SnO2 spherical nanocrystals (2~5 nm in size). As the sol-gel reaction time increases, further crystallization is observed through the neighboring particles in a confined part of the aggregates, while the specific surface areas of the SnO2 samples increase concomitantly. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements suggest that Sn (II) ions exist in the SnO2 samples when the reactions are stopped after a short time or when a relatively high concentration of Sn (II) is involved in the corresponding sol-gel reactions. Understanding this low-temperature growth of 3D SnO2 will provide new avenues for developing and producing high-performance, photofunctional nanomaterials via a cost-effective and scalable method.

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