Ferroelectric Thin Film Depositions for Various Types of FeRAMs (Ferroelectric Random Access Memories)

2004 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Fujisaki ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiwara
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Ferroelectric Thin Film ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
Nonvolatile Memories ◽  
Ferroelectric Random Access Memories

ABSTRACTFlash memories are now widely spread and conveniently used in mobile devices such as cellular phones, pagers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), digital cameras and so on. And in the coming ubiquitous era, nonvolatile solid-state memories are expected to be more and more important for these mobile devices. However, Flash memories are not perfectly suitable for these mobile devices since their power consumptions are too high, writing speeds are two slow, programming endurances are limited up to 106 cycles. To resolve these problems, numbers of new nonvolatile solid-state memories are proposed and some of them are now under development. Among these newly emerging nonvolatile memories, FeRAMs (Ferroelectric Random Access Memories) are the only ones that are now in production. However, the process and materials to produce FeRAMs have not matured yet to support the ubiquitous technologies.In this study, we explore the process technologies and materials required for the future FeRAMs and obtained the result that the requirements can be satisfied by the known technologies at present.

Special Features of Mobile Advertising and Their Utilization

2011 ◽  
pp. 1035-1040
Author(s):  
Jari Sao ◽  
Jaana Tahtinen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Service System ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Mobile Advertising ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
The City ◽  
Case Based

Mobile advertising, or m-advertising, refers to ads sent to and presented on mobile devices such as cellular phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), and other handheld devices.1 M-advertising can be seen as a part of m-commerce (e.g., Mennecke & Strader, 2003), which is seen as radically different from traditional commerce (e.g., Choi, Stahl, & Whinston, 1997). Thus, it can be argued that m-advertising is also different. M-advertising enables the advertiser not only to send unique, personalized, and customized ads (Turban, King, Lee, Warkentin, & Chung, 2002), but also to engage consumers in discussions and transactions with the advertiser. Any retailer can make use of m-advertising. Thus this study focuses on the brick-and-mortar retailers’ use of m-advertising in Finland. In Finland, mobile phone subscriptions reached 84% of the population at the end of the year 2002 (Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland, 2003), and more than 30% of the users under 35 years and over 20% of all users have received m-advertising in the form of SMS (www.opas.net/suora/mob%20markk%20nous.htm). However, there are no commercial solutions available for the MMS type of m-advertising. Therefore, the empirical setting of this study is a service system SmartRotuaari, which is a part of a research project (see Ojala et al., 2003; www.rotuaari.net) offering the retailers an infrastructure and a service system for context-dependent m-advertising in the city of Oulu in Northern Finland. This study focuses on permission-based m-advertising. In Finland, that is the only form of m-advertising that is legal. Firstly, we will discuss the features of m-advertising that make it unique. Secondly, we will present some empirical results from the SmartRotuaari case. Based on the recognized features, we study which of them retailers utilized in their m-ads, as well as those remaining unused. The aim is to find out how well the uniqueness of m-advertising was portrayed in the m-ads. The study concludes by suggesting how retailers could improve the use of m-advertising in order to fully harness its power.

Special Features of Mobile Advertising and Their Utilization

2011 ◽  
pp. 905-912
Author(s):  
Jari Sao ◽  
Jaana Tahtinen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Service System ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Mobile Advertising ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
The City ◽  
Case Based

Mobile advertising, or m-advertising, refers to ads sent to and presented on mobile devices such as cellular phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), and other handheld devices.1 M-advertising can be seen as a part of m-commerce (e.g., Mennecke & Strader, 2003), which is seen as radically different from traditional commerce (e.g., Choi, Stahl, & Whinston, 1997). Thus, it can be argued that m-advertising is also different. M-advertising enables the advertiser not only to send unique, personalized, and customized ads (Turban, King, Lee, Warkentin, & Chung, 2002), but also to engage consumers in discussions and transactions with the advertiser. Any retailer can make use of m-advertising. Thus this study focuses on the brick-and-mortar retailers’ use of m-advertising in Finland. In Finland, mobile phone subscriptions reached 84% of the population at the end of the year 2002 (Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland, 2003), and more than 30% of the users under 35 years and over 20% of all users have received m-advertising in the form of SMS (www.opas.net/suora/mob%20markk%20nous.htm). However, there are no commercial solutions available for the MMS type of m-advertising. Therefore, the empirical setting of this study is a service system SmartRotuaari, which is a part of a research project (see Ojala et al., 2003; www.rotuaari.net) offering the retailers an infrastructure and a service system for context-dependent m-advertising in the city of Oulu in Northern Finland. This study focuses on permission-based m-advertising. In Finland, that is the only form of m-advertising that is legal. Firstly, we will discuss the features of m-advertising that make it unique. Secondly, we will present some empirical results from the SmartRotuaari case. Based on the recognized features, we study which of them retailers utilized in their m-ads, as well as those remaining unused. The aim is to find out how well the uniqueness of m-advertising was portrayed in the m-ads. The study concludes by suggesting how retailers could improve the use of m-advertising in order to fully harness its power.

Special Features of Mobile Advertising and Their Utilization

2009 ◽  
pp. 1878-1885
Author(s):  
Jari Salo ◽  
Jaana Tähtinen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Service System ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Mobile Advertising ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
The City ◽  
Case Based

Mobile advertising, or m-advertising, refers to ads sent to and presented on mobile devices such as cellular phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), and other handheld devices.1 M-advertising can be seen as a part of m-commerce (e.g., Mennecke & Strader, 2003), which is seen as radically different from traditional commerce (e.g., Choi, Stahl, & Whinston, 1997). Thus, it can be argued that m-advertising is also different. M-advertising enables the advertiser not only to send unique, personalized, and customized ads (Turban, King, Lee, Warkentin, & Chung, 2002), but also to engage consumers in discussions and transactions with the advertiser. Any retailer can make use of m-advertising. Thus this study focuses on the brick-and-mortar retailers’ use of m-advertising in Finland. In Finland, mobile phone subscriptions reached 84% of the population at the end of the year 2002 (Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland, 2003), and more than 30% of the users under 35 years and over 20% of all users have received m-advertising in the form of SMS (www.opas.net/suora/mob%20markk%20nous.htm). However, there are no commercial solutions available for the MMS type of m-advertising. Therefore, the empirical setting of this study is a service system SmartRotuaari, which is a part of a research project (see Ojala et al., 2003; www.rotuaari.net) offering the retailers an infrastructure and a service system for context-dependent m-advertising in the city of Oulu in Northern Finland. This study focuses on permission-based m-advertising. In Finland, that is the only form of m-advertising that is legal. Firstly, we will discuss the features of m-advertising that make it unique. Secondly, we will present some empirical results from the SmartRotuaari case. Based on the recognized features, we study which of them retailers utilized in their m-ads, as well as those remaining unused. The aim is to find out how well the uniqueness of m-advertising was portrayed in the m-ads. The study concludes by suggesting how retailers could improve the use of m-advertising in order to fully harness its power.

M-Advertising

2007 ◽  
pp. 398-402
Author(s):  
M. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Mobile Marketing ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Tablet Pcs ◽  
Advertising Information

According to our comprehension, mobile advertising (also called “wireless advertising” or “mobile marketing”) is the presentation of advertising information on mobile handheld devices with a wireless data link like cellular phones, personal digital assistants and smartphones; however notebooks/laptops and tablet PCs are not considered as mobile devices in this sense, because they are used like stationary devices at different locations. For example SMS-messages with product offers would be a simple form of m-advertising. In this article we discuss the special features of m-advertising, but also the problems involved. Afterwards we name basic methods of m-advertising and compare their general strengths and weaknesses using a set of criteria.

Prospect of Emerging Nonvolatile Memories

2004 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsik Jeong ◽  
Kinam Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Random Access Memory ◽  
High Density ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
Nonvolatile Memories ◽  
Critical Technology ◽  
The Future

ABSTRACTConventional nonvolatile memories such as Flash and EEPROM memory have successfully evolved toward high density and low cost. Especially, the market and density of flash memories has grown rapidly which leads semiconductor technology. However, there have been concerns about whether this successful progress can be maintained in the future nano era and can satisfy the requirement of diversified future IT market. Flash memories have the advantage of high density with small cell size and by contraries the disadvantage of slow writing speed and limited endurance. This slow writing speed and limited endurance is not aligned with the trend of high speed and reliability for future semiconductor memories.The future for these conventional nonvolatile memories forces many research groups and companies to develop alternative memories with ideal memory characteristics such as non-volatility, high density, high speed, and low power, which none of the conventional memories can satisfy at the same time.In this article, I will evaluate the characteristics of future nonvolatile memories such as ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) and phase change random access memory (PRAM). These memories have been recently evaluated because of the possibility that they can overcome the challenges that conventional memories are facing. Finally we will review critical technology barriers in developing future memory and predict the promising technology to overcome the barriers in conventional and emerging new memories, which will be technology guidelines for future memory development.

Verification of the feed-forward control for a piezoelectric actuator using differential flatness approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
Jomah Alzoubi ◽  
Shadi A Alboon ◽  
Amin Alqudah
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Actuator ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Differential Flatness ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Precise Positioning ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Micro Technology

In the last decade, the applications of nano- and micro-technology are widely used in many fields. In the modern mobile devices, such as digital cameras, there is an increased demand to achieve fast and precise positioning for some parts such as the recording sensor. Therefore, a smart material (piezoelectric) is used to achieve this requirement. This article discusses the feed-forward control for a piezoelectric actuator using differential flatness approach. The differential flatness approach is used to calculate the required voltage to control the piezoelectric actuator movement. The control voltage will be applied to the real actuator. The simulation and experimental results are compared for the actuator. The aim of this article is to verify the feed-forward control for second eigenfrequency using the differential flatness approach for the piezoelectric actuator.

Usability Issues and Limitations of Mobile Devices

2004 ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliman Al-Hawamdeh
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Usability Study ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Remote Services ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gain Access

Due to the fast development of mobile technologies and wireless communications, more people are using mobile devices. Mobile devices like cellular phones are initially used for data communications, as in speech. Now, mobile devices are not only portable but also can be used to communicate and exchange information as well as gain access to remote services anywhere, anytime. But while mobile devices offer many opportunities for e-commerce applications, conducting e-commerce transactions over mobile devices has its limitations. Limitations include limited memory, limited processing power, different technologies and standards, small keyboards, and small screens. A usability study was carried out to determine the extent to which mobile devices can be used in mobile commerce. Most of the studies showed that while mobile devices are becoming increasingly popular with the younger generation, users still prefer to use desktops for e-commerce transactions. This is mainly due to the limitations of mobile devices and the stability and security of the wireless networks.

Multimedia Messaging Peer

2011 ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
Kin Choong Yow ◽  
Nitin Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Reference Implementation ◽  
Programming Interfaces

The evolution in mobile messaging and mobile devices has made it possible to provide multimedia rich messaging capabilities to personal digital assistants (PDAs). The need for this arises simply because mobile service providers want to provide an enhanced messaging experience to the user. It also opens up new avenues for business, such as a shopping mall scenario. This chapter discusses the development of a multimedia messaging client for a PDA and a kiosk providing multimedia messages composition, search, share, and sending capabilities. This chapter also discusses the various messaging technologies, enabling wireless technologies, and the peer-to-peer model. The peer-to-peer technology used was Jxta, an XML-based and language agnostic peer-to-peer platform specification from Sun Microsystems. The peers (PDA client and the kiosk) were implemented using the application programming interfaces provided by the Personal Java reference implementation and the Jxta platform’s Personal Java port.

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