The Precursor Polymer Approach to Electrodeposition and Patterning of Conjugated Polymer Ultrathin Films

2001 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Advincula ◽  
Chuanjun Xia ◽  
Prasad Taranekar ◽  
Suxiang Deng ◽  
Ken Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
High Optical Quality ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Flat Electrode ◽  
Precursor Polymer ◽  
Synthesis Design ◽  
Key Points

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report strategies for electrodepositing and patterning ultrathin films of conjugated polymers on flat electrode surfaces using the precursor polymer approach. This involves a rational synthesis design of the precursor polymer followed by careful electrodeposition and characterization of ultrathin films on conducting substrates. This has resulted in the preparation of smooth, high optical quality films, which should be important for applications involving flat electrode surfaces in devices. Characterization was made using surface sensitive spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Copolymerization with monomers, polymer backbone design, and grafting on modified surfaces are key points in this strategy. Novel methods of in-situ characterization techniques have also been developed combing electrochemistry and surface plasmon resonance techniques.

In-situ preparation of high optical quality ZnO nanoparticles in nanofibrous PVA matrix

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 2872-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anitha ◽  
D. John Thiruvadigal ◽  
T.S. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
High Optical Quality ◽  
In Situ Preparation

Conjugated Polymer Network Ultrathin Films on Metal Interfaces using the Precursor Polymer Approach: Design, Synthesis and In-situ Characterization

2002 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Advincula ◽  
Chuanjun Xia ◽  
Prasad Taranekar ◽  
Ken Onishi ◽  
Suxiang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Metal Oxide Surfaces ◽  
Lithographic Patterning ◽  
Precursor Polymer ◽  
Electrochemical Approach

ABSTRACTWe have reported recently a novel method for cross-linking conjugated polymers involving a “precursor polymer” route, where the electrochemical method can be used to prepare ultrathin films on conducting metal and metal oxide surfaces. In this paper, we present the design, synthesis, protocol, and recent results in the application of these thin film materials. An emphasis will be given on how these films are characterized in-situ by a combined surface plasmon spectroscopy (SPS) and electrochemical approach. As a methodology, the concept can be extended to new methods of electrodeposition, patterning, and grafting of conjugated polymers on electrochemically addressable metal surfaces. Compared to spin-cast or electropolymerized monomer films, they are very robust both thermally and mechanically. Other applications of these films to sensors, dielectric materials, non-lithographic patterning, etc. are currently being investigated.

ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF QUASI-ONE-DIMENSIONAL CARRIERS IN QUANTUM WIRES

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 99-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GRUNDMANN ◽  
J. CHRISTEN ◽  
D. BIMBERG ◽  
E. KAPON
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
High Optical Quality ◽  
Intersubband Relaxation

We review structural and optical properties of quantum wires (QWRs), grown on nonplanar substrates. Our approach of in situ wire formation on patterned substrates allows us to fabricate defect free QWRs of high optical quality, suitable for laser and other optoelectronic applications. Several types of wires and wire arrangements are investigated in detail: single QWRs, vertical QWR stacks, lateral sub-μm pitch QWR arrays and pseudomorphic QWRs. Theoretical calculations are performed for electronic eigenstates (with inclusion of strain effects) as well as the lineshape of spontaneous radiative recombination. The lateral bandgap modulation, carrier capture into the QWRs, subsequent intersubband relaxation, cooling, interband recombination, and bandgap renormalization are systematically investigated and compared to current theories and previously obtained results for quantum wells or bulk material.

Epitaxial growth manner and structure of superconducting oxide films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Yoshichika Bando ◽  
Takahito Terashima ◽  
Kenji Iijima ◽  
Kazunuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuto Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Activated Reactive Evaporation

The high quality thin films of high-Tc superconducting oxide are necessary for elucidating the superconducting mechanism and for device application. The recent trend in the preparation of high-Tc films has been toward “in-situ” growth of the superconducting phase at relatively low temperatures. The purpose of “in-situ” growth is to attain surface smoothness suitable for fabricating film devices but also to obtain high quality film. We present the investigation on the initial growth manner of YBCO by in-situ reflective high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) technique and on the structural and superconducting properties of the resulting ultrathin films below 100Å. The epitaxial films have been grown on (100) plane of MgO and SrTiO, heated below 650°C by activated reactive evaporation. The in-situ RHEED observation and the intensity measurement was carried out during deposition of YBCO on the substrate at 650°C. The deposition rate was 0.8Å/s. Fig. 1 shows the RHEED patterns at every stage of deposition of YBCO on MgO(100). All the patterns exhibit the sharp streaks, indicating that the film surface is atomically smooth and the growth manner is layer-by-layer.

Functional Poly(p-Xylylene)s via Chemical Reduction of Poly(p-Phenylene Vinylene)s

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ain Uddin ◽  
Weifan Sang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Kyle Plunkett
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phenylene Vinylene ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Conducting Membranes ◽  
In Situ Crosslinking

The synthesis of poly(p-xylylene)s (PPXs) with sidechains containing alkyl bromide functionality, and their post-polymer modification, is described. The PPXs were prepared by a diimide hydrogenation of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) that were originally synthesized by a Gilch polymerization. The polymer backbone reduction was carried out with hydrazine hydrate in toluene at 80 °C to provide polymers with the sidechain-containing bromide functionality intact. To demonstrate post-polymer modification of the sidechains, the resulting PPX polymers were modified with trimethylamine to form tetraalkylammonium ion functionality and were evaluated as anion conducting membranes. While PPX homopolymers containing tetralkylammonium ions were completely water soluble and not able to form valuable films, PPX copolymers containing mixed tetraalkylammonium ions and hydrophobic chains were capable of film formation and alkaline stability. In addition, an in situ crosslinking process that used N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine during the tetraalkylammonium formation of brominated PPX polymers was also evaluated and gave reasonable films with conductivities of ~10 mS-cm-1.

Functional Poly(p-Xylylene)s via Chemical Reduction of Poly(p-Phenylene Vinylene)s

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ain Uddin ◽  
Weifan Sang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Kyle Plunkett
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phenylene Vinylene ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Conducting Membranes ◽  
In Situ Crosslinking

The synthesis of poly(p-xylylene)s (PPXs) with sidechains containing alkyl bromide functionality, and their post-polymer modification, is described. The PPXs were prepared by a diimide hydrogenation of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) that were originally synthesized by a Gilch polymerization. The polymer backbone reduction was carried out with hydrazine hydrate in toluene at 80 °C to provide polymers with the sidechain-containing bromide functionality intact. To demonstrate post-polymer modification of the sidechains, the resulting PPX polymers were modified with trimethylamine to form tetraalkylammonium ion functionality and were evaluated as anion conducting membranes. While PPX homopolymers containing tetralkylammonium ions were completely water soluble and not able to form valuable films, PPX copolymers containing mixed tetraalkylammonium ions and hydrophobic chains were capable of film formation and alkaline stability. In addition, an in situ crosslinking process that used N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine during the tetraalkylammonium formation of brominated PPX polymers was also evaluated and gave reasonable films with conductivities of ~10 mS-cm-1.

scholarly journals A Nanoscale Photonic Crystal Cavity Optomechanical System for Ultrasensitive Motion Sensing

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Ji Xia ◽  
Fuyin Wang ◽  
Chunyan Cao ◽  
Zhengliang Hu ◽  
Heng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Optical Force ◽  
Mechanical Oscillator ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Optomechanical System ◽  
High Optical Quality ◽  
Hybrid Platform ◽  
Optomechanical Coupling

Optomechanical nanocavities open a new hybrid platform such that the interaction between an optical cavity and mechanical oscillator can be achieved on a nanophotonic scale. Owing to attractive advantages such as ultrasmall mass, high optical quality, small mode volume and flexible mechanics, a pair of coupled photonic crystal nanobeam (PCN) cavities are utilized in this paper to establish an optomechanical nanosystem, thus enabling strong optomechanical coupling effects. In coupled PCN cavities, one nanobeam with a mass meff~3 pg works as an in-plane movable mechanical oscillator at a fundamental frequency of . The other nanobeam couples light to excite optical fundamental supermodes at and 1554.464 nm with a larger than 4 × 104. Because of the optomechanical backaction arising from an optical force, abundant optomechanical phenomena in the unresolved sideband are observed in the movable nanobeam. Moreover, benefiting from the in-plane movement of the flexible nanobeam, we achieved a maximum displacement of the movable nanobeam as 1468 . These characteristics indicate that this optomechanical nanocavity is capable of ultrasensitive motion measurements.

High optical quality GaN nanopillar arrays

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 071917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Wang ◽  
S. J. Chua ◽  
S. Tripathy ◽  
M. S. Sander ◽  
P. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Quality ◽  
High Optical Quality ◽  
Nanopillar Arrays
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