Status of Amorphous Silicon and Related Alloys Prepared by Photochemical Vapor Deposition

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Konagai
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
List Type ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Superlattice Structures ◽  
Si Films ◽  
P Type ◽  
Photochemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Sic Films

ABSTRACTA review is given of the current status of amorphous Si(a-Si) and related alloys prepared by photo-CVD. Preparation techniques and film quality of the following materials will be reviewed; •undoped a-Si films,•highly conductive n-type and p-type μc-Si films, a-SiGe films.•a-SiC films, superlattice structures.Finally, the present status of a-Si solar cell performance prepared by photo-CVD will be introduced and the merit of photo-CVD will be discussed.

Novel Carbon Source (1,3-Disilabutane) for the Deposition of P-Type a-SiC

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Yagi ◽  
Takashi Okabayashi ◽  
Katsuya Abe ◽  
Akira Yamada ◽  
Makoto Konagai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Type A ◽  
Optical Energy Gap ◽  
P Type ◽  
Photochemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous ◽  
Sic Films

AbstractWe proposed a new carbon source, 1,3-disilabutane (H3Si-CH2-SiH2-CH3:1,3-DSB), to grow hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films by mercury-sensitized photochemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD). We described preliminary results of undoped and p-type a-SiC films deposited using 1,3-DSB. It was found that the optical energy gap of the films was changed even at very small 1,3-DSB/silane ratios of few percents. P-type doping was carried out by using diborane and we obtained the films with a darkconductivity of 1.3x10-4 S/cm at the optical bandgap of 2.1 eV. In addition, we applied this material for a p-layer of a p-i-n type a-Si based solar cell and we have achieved relatively high conversion efficiency of 9.55%.

Effect of Ion Doping Temperature on Electrical Properties of APCVD A-Si

1994 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ha Lee ◽  
Byeong Yeon Moon ◽  
Yoo Chan Chung ◽  
Seung Min Lee ◽  
Sung Chul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Hydrogen Incorporation ◽  
Ion Doping ◽  
Pressure Chemical ◽  
Si Films ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTWe have studied the effect of ion doping on the electrical properties for atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) Amorphous silicon (a-Si) films. The room temperature conductivities after ion doping at optimum doping temperatures for n- and p-type a-Si films were found to be > 10−2 and > 10−4 S/cm, respectively. The unintentional hydrogen incorporation into a-Si during ion doping enhances the quality of ion doped APCVD a-Si as compared to that of plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) a-S.i.H. We obtained the field effect mobility of > 1 cm2/Vs for APCVD a-Si TFT using ion doped n+-layer.

Effect of Ion Doping Temperature on Electrical Properties of APCVD A-Si

1994 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ha Lee ◽  
Byeong Yeon Moon ◽  
Yoo Chan Chung ◽  
Seung Min Lee ◽  
Sung Chul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Field Effect Mobility ◽  
Hydrogen Incorporation ◽  
Plasma Enhanced Cvd ◽  
Ion Doping ◽  
Si Films ◽  
P Type

AbstractWe have studied the effect of ion doping on the electrical properties for atmospheric pressute chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) amorphous silicon (a-Si) films. The room temperature conductivities after ion doping at optimurr doping tenperatures for n− and p-type a-Si films were found to be > 10−2 and >10−4 S/cm, respectively. The unintentional hydrogen incorporation into a-Si during ion doping enhances the quality of ion doped APCVD a-Si as compared to that of plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) a-Si:H. We obtained the field effect mobility of > 1 cm2/Vs for APCVD a-Si TFT using ion doped n+-layer.

Treatment and Quality of Sewage Sludge in Germany - Results of a Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meda ◽  
C. Schaum ◽  
M. Wagner ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
A. Durth
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
German Association ◽  
Entire Treatment

TIn 2004, the German Association for Wastewater, Water and Waste (DWA) carried out a survey about the current status of sewage sludge treatment and disposal in Germany. The study covered about one third of the wastewater treatment plants and about two thirds of the entire treatment capacity (expressed in population equivalents) in Germany. This provides an up-to-date and representative database. The paper presents the most important results regarding sludge treatment, process engineering, current disposal paths and sewage sludge quality.

scholarly journals Membrane condenser as emerging technology for water recovery and gas pre-treatment: current status and perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Brunetti ◽  
Francesca Macedonio ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Enrico Drioli
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control

Abstract The recent roadmap of SPIRE initiative includes the development of “new separation, extraction and pre-treatment technologies” as one of the “key actions” for boosting sustainability, enhancing the availability and quality of existing resources. Membrane condenser is an innovative technology that was recently investigated for the recovery of water vapor for waste gaseous streams, such as flue gas, biogas, cooling tower plumes, etc. Recently, it has been also proposed as pre-treatment unit for the reduction and control of contaminants in waste gaseous streams (SOx and NOx, VOCs, H2S, NH3, siloxanes, halides, particulates, organic pollutants). This perspective article reports recent progresses in the applications of the membrane condenser in the treatment of various gaseous streams for water recovery and contaminant control. After an overview of the operating principle, the membranes used, and the main results achieved, the work also proposes the role of this technology as pre-treatment stage to other separation technologies. The potentialities of the technology are also discussed aspiring to pave the way towards the development of an innovative technology where membrane condenser can cover a key role in redesigning the whole upgrading process.

scholarly journals Women in surgery: a systematic review of 25 years

BMJ Leader ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. leader-2019-000199
Author(s):  
Charleen Singh ◽  
Caitlin Loseth ◽  
Noordeen Shoqirat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Surgical Residency ◽  
Meta Analyses

The number of women entering medicine significantly increased over the last decades. Currently, over half of the medical students are women but less than half are applying to surgery and even less go on to surgical specialties. Even fewer women are seen in leadership roles throughout the profession of surgery and surgical residency. Our purpose of the literature review is to identify any themes, which would provide insight to the current phenomenon. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method for a systematic review of the literature over a 20-year period (1998–2018). Five broad themes were identified: education and recruitment, career development, impact of/on life around the globe and surgical subspecialties as areas of barriers for women entering or considering surgery. The systematic review suggests there are opportunities to improve and encourage women entering the profession of surgery as well as the quality of life for surgeons. Creating systems for mentorship across programmes, having policies to support work–life balance and recognising surgical training overlaps with childbearing years are key opportunities for improvement. Improving the current status in surgery will require direction from leadership.

scholarly journals Technologies for Water Reuse: Current Status and Future Challenges

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Mauro Capocelli ◽  
Vincenzo Piemonte
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Future Challenges

Water is fundamental for the quality of both ecosystems and society, and plays a key role for energy and food production, a prerequisite for the sustainable development [...]

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Internship Assessment in Medical Colleges of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Farhana Noman ◽  
AKM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Humayun Kabir Talukder ◽  
ASM Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Shamima Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Feedback System ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Assessment Feedback ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Major Discipline ◽  
Medical Colleges

This study aimed to evaluate the current status of the internship assessment in medical colleges of Bangladesh. Internship acts as the pathway from being a medical student to becoming a registered doctor. Hence, a rigorous and robust internship leads to producing better doctor and in turn better healthcare. Thus, proper assessment is necessary to ensure the quality of the future medical practitioners. Unfortunately, no study has been done in Bangladesh related to this context. A cross-sectional descriptive study with pre-tested self-administered questionnaires covering study place and population and factors relevant to intern assessment (assessment after each major discipline completion, assessment techniques, and feedback) was performed. The study was carried out in 8 medical colleges (4 public and 4 non-government; 4 inside Dhaka and 4 outside). 300 completed questionnaires (250 interns, 50 supervisors) were analyzed. All the collected data were analyzed and presented with SPSS v 19.0 software. Results revealed that there was no assessment present after completion of major placement rotation (about 54% interns and 24% teachers). Furthermore, only logbook was signed as the prevailing assessment technique (more than 66% interns and 72% doctors). Moreover, assessment feedback system was not fully functional (48.7% respondent views). Hence, the overall scenario is shabby and poses questions on our future doctors' skill set.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.8(1) 2017: 14-17

Law for Aerospace Activities 1966-2066

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (700) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
H. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Future ◽  
Impossible Task

The purpose of this prologue is to outline how I have approached the arrogant and impossible task of surveying an unborn century of law. I may also be able to illustrate that the nature and quality of the task is completely different from that attempted in the preceding papers. In the whole paper I have done little more than infer repeatedly, in different ways (a) that the shape of the future so far as law is concerned will be determined by the methods of communication adopted between sectors of the aerospace community and between the aerospace community and society at large, and (b) that the search for effective methods of communication is urgent. But my target is not the lawyers of our community—who I am not qualified to advise. I write for the other members of the Royal Aeronautical Society and I return to the task of persuading them that they have a role to play in evolving future laws for aerospace activities.

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