In-Situ Study of Ti/TiN Stability under Nitrogen Anneal

1999 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. DeHaven ◽  
K. P. Rodbell ◽  
L. Gignac
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThe effectiveness of a TiN capping layer to prevent the conversion of α-titantium to titanium nitride when annealed in a nitrogen ambient has been studied over the temperature range 300–700°C using in-situ high temperature diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Over the time range of interest (four hours), no evidence of Ti reaction was observed at 300°C. At 450°C. nitrogen was found to diffuse into the Ti to form a Ti(N) solid solution. Above 500°C the titanium is transformed to a second phase: however this reaction follows two different kinetic paths, depending on the annealing temperature. Below 600°C. the reaction proceeds in two stages, with the first stage consisting of Ti(N) formation, and the second stage consisting of the conversion of the Ti(N) with a transformation mechanism characteristic of short range diffusion (grain edge nucleation). Above 600°C, a simple linear transformation rate is observed.

Influence of Alloying Additions on Enhancement of Soft Magnetic Properties Effect and Crystallization in FeXSiB (X=Cu, V, Co, Zr, Nb) Amorphous Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stokłosa ◽  
G. Badura ◽  
P. Kwapuliński ◽  
Józef Rasek ◽  
G. Haneczok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron

The crystallization and optimization of magnetic properties effects in FeXSiB (X=Cu, V, Co, Zr, Nb) amorphous alloys were studied by applying X-ray diffraction methods, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), resistometric and magnetic measurements. The temperatures of the first and the second stage of crystallization, the 1h optimization annealing temperature and the Curie temperature were determined for different amorphous alloys. Activation energies of crystallization process were obtained by applying the Kissinger method. The influence of alloy additions on optimization effect and crystallization processes was carefully examined.

The kinetics of dehydration in Ca-montmorillonite: an in situ X-ray diffraction study

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Bray ◽  
Simon A. T. Redfern ◽  
Simon M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shock Heating ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe thermal dehydration of naturally occurring Ca-montmorillonite has been studied by in situ X-ray diffraction at temperatures between 60–120°C. The time-temperature-dependence of the position of the basal (001) reflection reveals that interlayer water loss on isothermal dehydration occurs in two stages. After an initial rapid decrease in interlayer spacing (on shock heating to an isothermal soak temperature) the reaction proceeds towards equilibrium more slowly. Furthermore, the width of the (001) reflection changes with time, reflecting transformation-dependent changes in homogeneity perpendicular to (001) with a maximum in peak width at the point where the rate of the reaction appears to change. This suggests that, as the interlayer spacing collapses, a local change is induced in the structure, affecting the means of movement of the water from the interlayer.

Thermodynamic Stability of Ptal Thin Films on GaAs

1990 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Hong Ko ◽  
Robert Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Sequential Deposition ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Gaas Substrates ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThe thermal stability of PtAl thin films on GaAs substrates has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. The PtAl thin films were formed by sequential deposition of discrete Pt and Al layers on GaAs by e-beam evaporation followed by subsequent annealing processes. Interfacial reactions in the Al/Pt/GaAs system proceed in two stages. Upon low temperature annealing Pt and GaAs react to form PtGa and PtAs2. Further high temperature annealing causes PtGa, PtAs2 and Al to react together producing the desired PtAl on GaAs. We observed solid-phase epitaxial regrowth of GaAs during the second stage of reaction. The PtAl/GaAs interface is determined to be thermally stable during an 800°C/30 min. anneal, while remaining morphologically uniform on GaAs.

scholarly journals Unravelling the characteristics of Al-alloy corrosion at the atomic to nanometre scale by transmission electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Shravan K. Kairy ◽  
Nick Birbilis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Al Matrix

The localised corrosion associated with Mg2Si in the Al-matrix of an Al-Mg-Si alloy was studied in 0.1 M NaCl at pH 6 by quasi in-situ transmission electron microscopy. Herein, physical imaging of corrosion at the atomic to nanometre scale was performed. Phase transformation and subsequent chemical composition variations associated with the localised corrosion of Mg2Si were studied. It was observed that corrosion initiated upon Mg2Si, often preferentially at the interface with the Al-matrix, and propagated until Mg2Si was completely dealloyed by Mg-dissolution, resulting in an amorphous SiO-rich phase remnant. The SiO-rich remnant became electrochemically inert and did not initiate corrosion in the Al-matrix. This study provides a clear understanding on the localised corrosion of Al-alloys associated with Mg2Si. In addition, the methodology followed in this study can also be applied to understand the role of precipitates and second phase particles in the localised corrosion of Al-alloy systems.

The Red-Shift of Surface Plasmon Absorption of 2D Nanogold Arrangement from Disordered to Ordered

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junke Tang ◽  
Jinru Li ◽  
Huiling Rong ◽  
Bingsuo Zou ◽  
Long Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Two Dimension ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dipolar Moment ◽  
Random Patterns ◽  
Two Stages

In this article, the changing of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption of 2D arrangement of Au (3 nm) nanoparticles coated with 1-dodecanethiol (C12H25SH), obtained at different desolvation extents, had been investigated. It has been found that an obvious red-shifted happened when these arrays changed from loose, disordered to close-packed and ordered. Both transmission electron microscopy pictures and variation of SPR absorption of these arrays showed that the formation of long range two-dimension (2D) arrangement of nanoparticles coated with C12H25SH might be involved in two stages: At the first stage the particles can move freely and random patterns from loose to close package was driven by the Brownian Movement of solvated particles and as a result the voids were eliminated. The red shift of SPR absorption with the coverage (dλ/d) is relative low. At the second stage, where the particles cannot move freely because of lack of solvent and a long-range two-dimension crystal was formed, the SPR shift to a longer wavelength with a larger dλ/d. It is mainly attributed to the strong increase of the orientation and dipolar moment of the absorbed C12H25SH molecule on nanoparticles.

Defect Trapping and Precipitation Processes During Annealing of Cu and Au Implanted Si

1994 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wong-Leung ◽  
E. Nygren ◽  
J. S. Williams ◽  
D. J. Eaglesham
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
System A ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Device Processing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Metallic Impurities

AbstractThe behaviour of metallic impurities in Si is an issue of primary concern in advanced device processing. This paper addresses the annealing behaviour of Cu and Au in Si when nanocavities are present within the substrate as potential gettering and precipitation sites. In-situ, ‘hot’ Rutherford backscattering has been used to study metal accumulation to cavities at the annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the final microstructure of the Au-Si and Cu-Si system. A range of interesting phenomena have been observed, including very efficient transient gettering of both Cu and Au to cavities at the annealing temperature and precipitation of second phases at cavities. Dissolution of accumulated metal from defect bands into solution occurs for long-time annealing. This behaviour is discussed in terms of supersaturated solid solubility processes, diffusion, defect-trapping and precipitation of Cu and Au in Si.

Metal Dusting Corrosion of 9Cr-1Mo Steel in Propane-Butane Gas Mixture

2009 ◽  
Vol 289-292 ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Grzesik ◽  
Marek Danielewski ◽  
Stanisław Mrowec
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Metal Dusting ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Propane Butane

The kinetics and mechanism of metal dusting corrosion of 9Cr-1Mo steel, commonly used in CCR platforming units, have been studied as a function of temperature (773 – 1173 K) in propane-butane atmosphere, being the mixture of 70 vol. % of propane and 30 vol. % of butane with the total pressure equal 105 Pa. The kinetics of corrosion have been studied thermogravimetrically in the apparatus enabling the mass changes of corroded sample to be followed continuously with the accuracy of the order of 10-6 g. It has been found that metal dusting corrosion in this atmosphere, modeling in some way industrial environments in petrochemical industry, is complex and two-stages of linear kinetics may be distinguished. In the first stage, which may be considered as an incubation period, the reaction proceeds with rather low rate, which increases dramatically in the second stage, the beginning of which depends strongly on temperature. Linear course of reaction indicates that chemical reactions and not diffusion processes determine the rate of corrosion. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact, that the layer of corrosion products is not compact but considerably porous.

The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Properties and Second-Phase Particles of 0.4mm Galvanized Ti-IF Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Jia Shun Lv ◽  
Hong Gang Yang ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Leng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Annealing Experiments ◽  
Tension Strength

A series of simulated continuum annealing experiments were done on 0.4mm Ti-IF by Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation machine at 700, 730, 760, 790, 820 and 850 degree. The optical microstructures of the specimens were characterized. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was carried out to investigate the second phase particles shape, size and distribution. The mechanical properties of the specimens were measured. The results showed that the yield strength and the tension strength of the steel decreased when the annealing temperature increased, the elongation increased when the annealing temperature increased, expect a maximum elongation value at 760 degree. Based on the microstructure and the second phase, the reason why there was a maximum value was discussed.

scholarly journals Reduction of mixed Mn–Zr oxides: in situ XPS and XRD studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (35) ◽  
pp. 15499-15507 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Bulavchenko ◽  
Z. S. Vinokurov ◽  
T. N. Afonasenko ◽  
P. G. Tsyrul'nikov ◽  
S. V. Tsybulya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
In Situ Xps ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Two Stages

The reduction of the solid solutions MnxZr1−xO2−δ proceeds via two stages. During the first stage, the Mn cations incorporated into the solid solutions MnxZr1−xO2−δ undergo partial reduction. At the second stage, Mn cations segregate on the surface.

Orientation Mapping Study on the Inhomogeneous Microstructure Evolution during Annealing of 6013 Aluminum Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bieda-Niemiec ◽  
Krzystof Sztwiertnia ◽  
A. Korneva ◽  
Tomasz Czeppe ◽  
R. Orlicki
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Cold Rolled

Orientation mapping in transmission electron microscope was successfully applied to study microstructural changes at the initial stage of recrystallization in the aluminum alloy with a bimodal second-phase particle distribution. The alloy samples were reversibly cold rolled resulting in the formation of laminar structure with zones of localized strain around large second-phase particles. Orientation mapping and in-situ investigations carry information about the processes which are active in the deformation zones during annealing.

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