Conjugation of DNA to Plasma-Treated Polymer Surfaces and Their Application to Multiplex DNA Sequencing

1998 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lambert ◽  
Jer-Kang Chen ◽  
Claudia Chiesa ◽  
George A. Fry ◽  
Vergine C. Furniss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Polymer Support ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Polymer Supports ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Multiplex Sequencing ◽  
Binding Sequence ◽  
Plasma Techniques

AbstractPlasma treatment and deposition techniques have been used to facilitate the covalent attachment of DNA to polymer surfaces. The variety of surface functional groups that can be created by plasma techniques enables different chemical conjugation routes to be explored. For example, a phosphodiester linkage can be used for surfaces with hydroxyl groups. Likewise, a carboxyamide linkage can be used for surfaces with carboxyl or amine groups. The primary application of the engineered materials has been the hybridization-based separation of multiplexed DNA sequencing products. Traditionally, sequencing reactions are performed individually on single templates. Multiplex sequencing offers reagent and time savings by permitting multiple sequencing reactions on single or multiple templates. The method developed uses recoverable DNA sequencing primers with additional “capture sequences” attached to the 5' end. The capture sequences are designed to be complementary to “binding sequences” covalently attached to the plasma-treated polymer supports. When a solution of the extended recoverable primers is exposed to a polymer support, primers with complementary capture sequences hybridize to the immobilized binding sequences. Contacting a multiplexed sample with a series of solid supports (each having a different binding sequence) selectively removes each set of sequencing products from the mixture. Washing each solid support, followed by releasing the hybridized DNA, results in isolated and purified sequencing products that are amenable to analysis by gel or capillary electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterizations of Dipeptide Derivative of Gentamicin

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Oun D. Khudair ◽  
Diar A. Fatih
Keyword(s):  
Acid Chloride ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Free Hydroxyl ◽  
Ester Linkage ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Conventional Solution ◽  
Dipeptide Derivative

Abstract       The target derivative are gentamicin linked with L-Val- L-Ala by an ester linkage. These were synthesized by esterification method, which included the reaction of -OH hydroxyl group on (carbon No.5) of gentamicin with the acid chloride of the corresponding dipeptide, The preparation of new derivative of gentamicin involved protected the primary & secondary amine groups of Gentamicin, by Ethylchloroformate (ECF) to give N-carbomethoxy Gentamicin which was used for further chemical synthesis involving the free hydroxyl groups. Then prepared dipeptide (L-Val- L-Ala) by conventional solution method in present DCC & HoBt then reacted with thionyl chloride to prepared acid chloride of dipeptides, then after, linked by ester linkage to N-protection gentamicin in present pyridine as base, finally deportation the amino group of synthesized compound by using TFAA in present anisole. The characterization of the titled compounds were performed utilizing FTIR spectroscopy, CHNS elemental analysis, and by measurements of their physical properties.  

scholarly journals Biomimetic hybrid membranes: incorporation of transport proteins/peptides into polymer supports

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 2722-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Puiggalí-Jou ◽  
Luis J. del Valle ◽  
Carlos Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Hybrid Membranes ◽  
Molecular Sensing ◽  
Polymer Supports

Molecular sensing, water purification and desalination, drug delivery, and DNA sequencing are some striking applications of biomimetic hybrid membranes.

scholarly journals Anatase TiO2-Decorated Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsiang Tseng ◽  
Yu-Min Sung ◽  
Po-Ya Chang ◽  
Chin-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Porous Morphology

Three types of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanosheets were derived from direct thermal condensation of urea, melamine, and dicyandiamide, respectively. As the sample (uCN) synthesized from urea exhibited porous morphology and highest surface area among other gCN, anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were then in-situ deposited on uCN via solvothermal process without further calcination. The resultant Ti/uCN_x samples remained with higher surface area and exhibited visible-light activity. The derived band structure of each sample also confirmed its ability to photoreduce CO2. XPS results revealed surface compositions of each sample. Those functional groups governed adsorption of reactant, interfacial interaction, electron transfer rate, and consequently influenced the yield of products. Carbon monoxide and methanol were detected from LED-lamp illuminated samples under appropriate moisture content. Samples with higher ratio of terminal amine groups produced more CO. The presence of hydroxyl groups promoted the initial conversion of methanol. The obtained Ti/uCN_0.5 and Ti/uCN_1.5 samples exhibited better quantum efficiency toward CO2 conversion and demonstrated stability to consistently produce CO under cycling photoreaction.

scholarly journals The Use of Polymer Supports in Organic Synthesis. III. Selective Chemical Reactions on One Aldehyde Group of Symmetrical Dialdehydes

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (22) ◽  
pp. 3756-3764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford C. Leznoff ◽  
Jack Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Aluminum Hydride ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Polymer Support ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Polymer Supports ◽  
Acid Cleavage ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Insoluble Polymer

An insoluble polymer support system incorporating a diol functional group was prepared. The symmetrical dialdehydes, terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde, were attached to the polymer through acetal formation, constituting a unique method of blocking one aldehyde group of symmetrical dialdehydes. The free aldehyde group was reacted with hydroxylamine to give the mono-oximes of the terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde upon acid cleavage from the polymer. Similarly, the polymer bound aldehydes were reacted with Wittig reagents to give p- and m-formylstilbenes and 1-p- and -m-formyl-phenyl-4-phenyl-1,3-butadienes. The crossed aldol condensation of acetophenone with the symmetrical dialdehydes gave the 3-p- and -m-formylphenyl-1-phenyl-2-propene-1-ones (formylchalcones) in high yield. The Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide on the polymer bound aldehyde gave(p- and m-formylphenyl)phenylcarbinol in quantitative yield. Reduction of the polymer bound free aldehydes with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-aluminum hydride gave p- and m-hydroxymethylbenzaldehydes. Similarly the mixed benzoin condensation of polymer bound terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde gave p- and m-formylbenzils.

scholarly journals A Robust Fabrication Method for Amphiphilic Janus Particles via Immobilization on Polycarbonate Microspheres

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Ananth Mani ◽  
Noga Yaakov ◽  
Yafit Itzhaik Alkotzer ◽  
Evgeni Zelikman ◽  
Guy Mechrez
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Janus Particles ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Commercial Polymers

Immobilizing particles on beads, fibers or filaments, when only one side is exposed to the reaction medium and therefore can be selectively functionalized, is a scalable and easy to control strategy for the fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles. Here we describe a new, robust method for the fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles based on immobilization of polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) particles on polycarbonate (PC), a high impact-resistance polymer with superior mechanical properties. The immobilization of the particles on the PC microspores is preformed via inverse solvent displacement method. PMSQ particles are added to a PC solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF), a good solvent for PC. The solution is then precipitated by the introduction of aqueous surfactant solution (anti solvent for PC) under an ultrasonic field. It is important to note that THF and water are miscible and do not form emulsion. During precipitation, PMSQ particles are assembled onto the surface of the PC spherical precipitates/microspheres. The exposed hemispheres of the PMSQ particles are then selectively silanized by (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to introduce amine groups on their surface. To increase the polarity of the functionalized hemispheres, the amine groups are further modified to introduce carboxyl groups. SEM characterization confirms the fine embedment of PMSQ particles onto the PC microspheres. Covalent attachment of silica nanoparticles (NPs) to the functionalized hemispheres of the resulting particles along with fluorescent confocal microscopy conclusively proof the successful fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles. The immobilization of particles onto highly rigid polymeric microspheres such as PC may pave the way to the development of a robust fabrication procedure with high resistance to temperature fluctuations and harsh mixing conditions that can arise during preparation. This method can be implemented toward a large variety of other synthetic commercial polymers such as polyamide, polyether sulfones, Polyether ether ketone or similar.

Alginates as drug carriers: covalent attachment of alginates to therapeutic agents containing primary amine groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Morgan ◽  
Aymen Al-Shamkhani ◽  
Dominique Callant ◽  
Etienne Schacht ◽  
John F. Woodley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Amine ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Amine Groups

scholarly journals Covalent attachment of functional protein to polymer surfaces: a novel one-step dry process

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher MacDonald ◽  
Richard Morrow ◽  
Anthony S Weiss ◽  
Marcela M.M Bilek
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
One Step ◽  
Control Surfaces

The attachment of bioactive protein to surfaces underpins the development of biosensors and diagnostic microarrays. We present a surface treatment using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to create stable covalent binding sites for the attachment of functional soya-bean peroxidase (SBP). Fourier transform infrared spectra of the surfaces show that protein is retained on the surface after boiling in sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide, which is indicative of covalent attachment. The activity of SBP on the treated surfaces remains high in comparison with SBP attached to control surfaces over the course of 11 days. Surface plasmon resonance was used to show that the surface coverage of the attached protein is close to a monolayer. We describe the potential of the PIII treatment method to be used as a one-step dry process to create surfaces for large-scale protein micro- or nanopatterning.

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