Effect of Stress and Impurities on Preferential Amorphization on Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon

1998 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Takeda ◽  
Somei Ohnuki ◽  
Seiichi Watanabe ◽  
Hiroaki Abe ◽  
Hiroshi Naramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Critical Dose ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Constant Growth

AbstractClarifying the local amorphization on the grain boundaries, the in-situ observation during ion-irradiation was carried out for poly-crystalline Si film. The critical dose of amorphous formation increased exponentially with increasing temperature, where the local amorphization was developed at middle temperature. The critical dose was affected by the doped impurity and the grain size. The preferential amorphization on and near grain boundaries had two processes; first stage with rapid growth rate and second stage with almost constant growth rate. The importance of stress was demonstrated from the acceleration due to the stress on the first stage of amorphization.

scholarly journals Breeding records of Leptotila rufaxilla (Aves: Columbidae) in southwestern Brazilian Amazon with notes on nesting in some regions of occurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. e18793
Author(s):  
Jônatas Lima ◽  
Railene Almeida ◽  
Edson Guilherme
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

We present new aspects of breeding biology of Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla, from five nests found between 2012 and 2014 in a lowland forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. The nests simple/platform shape were built at a mean height of 1.90 m above ground. The clutch size was two eggs white and elliptic, incubated for 15 days (based on three nests). We recorded predation in two nests still in incubation phase. Minimum hatch weight of nestlings was 10 g and young fledged with a mean mass of 56 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.40 with a growth asymptote of 60.7 g. Daily survival rate, Mayfield and apparent nesting success in the incubation period was 90, 20 and 56%, respectively, while in the nestling period were all 100%. Our data and the contribution of citizen science showed that L. rufaxilla breeds over the year, mainly in the rainy season, both in southwestern Amazonia and in other regions of occurrence.

Growth and Evaluation of [AFeOx/REFeO3] (A=Ca, Sr, RE=La, Bi) Superlattices by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method Using High Density Targets Prepared by Pechini Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 1454 ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Iwata ◽  
Yuta Watabe ◽  
Yoshito Tsuchiya ◽  
Kento. Norota ◽  
Takuya Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Growth Constant ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Interface ◽  
Reference Layer ◽  
Constant Growth

ABSTRACTThe LaFeO3 and CaFeOX layers are grown using highly dense target prepared by Pechini method, with which accurate growth rate is achieved. Since the LaFeO3demonstrates the obvious RHEED oscillation until the end of growth, constant growth rate, and the step-terraces structure, the LFO is employed as a buffer and/or reference layer to determine the required pulses to deposit the thickness we desire in the superlattice. Superlattices show the clear satellite peaks and Laue oscillation in the XRD spectra as well as the oscillations caused by the film thickness with a flat surface and superstructure with a flat interface in the x-ray reflection spectrum. The streaky RHEED patterns and step-terraces surface are consistent with the results of spectra using x-ray.

In situ observation of interaction between grain boundaries during directional solidification of Si

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Chung Chuang ◽  
Kensaku Maeda ◽  
Haruhiko Morito ◽  
Keiji Shiga ◽  
Wolfram Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
In Situ Observation

scholarly journals Constant Growth Rate Can Be Supported by Decreasing Energy Flux and Increasing Aerobic Glycolysis

Cell Reports ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Slavov ◽  
Bogdan A. Budnik ◽  
David Schwab ◽  
Edoardo M. Airoldi ◽  
Alexander van Oudenaarden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Constant Growth

scholarly journals General formulation of Luria-Delbrück distribution of the number of mutants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
bahram houchmandzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Stochastic Growth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Constant Growth

Abstract The Luria-Delbrück experiment is a cornerstone of evolutionary theory, demonstrating the randomness of mutations before selection. The distribution of the number of mutants in this experiment has been the subject of intense investigation during the last 70 years. Despite this considerable effort, most of the results have been obtained under the assumption of constant growth rate, which is far from the experimental condition. We derive here the properties of this distribution for arbitrary growth function, for both the deterministic and stochastic growth of the mutants. The derivation we propose is surprisingly simple and versatile, allowing many generalizations to be taken easily into account.

scholarly journals Hybrid systems approach to modeling stochastic dynamics of cell size

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Vargas-Garcia ◽  
Abhyudai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Division Rate ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Over Time

A ubiquitous feature of all living cells is their growth over time followed by division into two daughter cells. How a population of genetically identical cells maintains size homeostasis, i.e., a narrow distribution of cell size, is an intriguing fundamental problem. We model size using a stochastic hybrid system, where a cell grows exponentially over time and probabilistic division events are triggered at discrete time intervals. Moreover, whenever these events occur, size is randomly partitioned among daughter cells. We first consider a scenario, where a timer (i.e., cell-cycle clock) that measures the time since the last division event regulates cellular growth and the rate of cell division. Analysis reveals that such a timer-driven system cannot achieve size homeostasis, in the sense that, the cell-to-cell size variation grows unboundedly with time. To explore biologically meaningful mechanisms for controlling size we consider three different classes of models: i) a size-dependent growth rate and timer-dependent division rate; ii) a constant growth rate and size-dependent division rate and iii) a constant growth rate and division rate that depends both on the cell size and timer. We show that each of these strategies can potentially achieve bounded intercellular size variation, and derive closed-form expressions for this variation in terms of underlying model parameters. Finally, we discuss how different organisms have adopted the above strategies for maintaining cell size homeostasis.

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