Structural Analysis of a Completely Amorphous 238Pu-Doped Zircon by Neutron Diffraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Fortner ◽  
Yaspal Badyal ◽  
David C. L. Price ◽  
John M. Hanchar ◽  
William J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Oxide Glass ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Diffraction Structure ◽  
Pulsed Neutron ◽  
Pulsed Neutron Source

AbstractThe structure of a completely amorphous zircon was determined by time-of-flight neutron diffraction at Argonne's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS). The sample of metamict zircon (ZrSiO4), initially doped to 8.85 weight percent 238pu, had been completely amorphized by alpha-recoil damage since its synthesis in 1981 at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The measured diffraction structure factor, S(Q), indicated a completely amorphous sample, with no signs of residual zircon microcrystallinity. The pair distribution function obtained indicated that the structure was that of an oxide glass, retaining the Si–O, Zr–O, and O–O bond lengths of crystalline zircon.

Design and implementation of a test bed for building controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Goyal ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
Michael R Brambley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Advanced Controls ◽  
Lighting Systems

Advanced controls play an essential role toward the improvement of building operational efficiency and the integration of responsive loads in buildings for grid services. Ideally, control algorithms must be sufficiently tested and validated before they are applied on real systems. This paper presents the development and current state of such an evolving test bed to support and enable experiments on advanced controls for buildings. The test bed presented in this paper consists of nine operating buildings—which possess various types of equipment and systems having different control systems and communication mechanisms (e.g., media and protocols) used in building automation systems—on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory campus. The test bed architecture is developed in such a way that (1) it supports interactions among the buildings and heterogeneous building components and systems, including both virtual and physical devices, e.g., heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning and lighting systems; (2) it can be easily reconfigured for different control topologies and methodologies, e.g., centralized and distributed; (3) it allows selection of communication protocols, communication media, and computation resources; and (4) it is part of a larger cyber-physical test bed that includes both physical and virtual assets on distributed renewable generation, energy storage, and power system assets. Practical application: The test bed presented in this paper can be used by industry to develop and evaluate the performance of advanced control algorithms on real systems for buildings and buildings-to-grid applications. This provides practitioners an opportunity to test the applications and modify them accordingly based on their use cases and selection criteria, e.g., a controller modulating the temperature in a hospital will have different criterion as compared to an office building.

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