Simulation of the Texture Evolution of Aluminium Alloys During Primary Static Recrystallization Using a Cellular Automaton Approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Marx ◽  
G. Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Grain Boundary Mobility ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Cold Worked

AbstractA 3D model has been developed to simulate both primary static recrystallization and recovery of cold worked aluminium alloys. The model is based on a modified cellular automaton approach and incorporates the influence of crystallographic texture and microstructure in respect to both mechanisms mentioned above. The model takes into account oriented nucleation using an approach developed by Nes for aluminium alloys. The subsequent growth of the nuclei depends on the local stored energy of the deformed matrix (i.e. the driving pressure) and the misorientation between a growing nucleus and its surrounding matrix (i.e. the grain boundary mobility). This approach allows to model preferred growth of grains that exhibit maximum growth rate orientation relationship, e.g. for aluminium alloys a 40° <111> relationship with the surrounding matrix. The model simulates kinetics, microstructure and texture development during heat treatment, discrete in time and space.

Influence of Grain Boundary Mobility on Microstructure Evolution during Recrystallisation

2012 ◽  
Vol 715-716 ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Myrjam Winning ◽  
Dierk Raabe
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Boundary Mobility ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Grain Boundary Mobility

The paper introduces first investigations on how low angle grain boundaries can influence the recrystallisation behaviour of crystalline metallic materials. For this purpose a three-dimensional cellular automaton model was used. The approach in this study is to allow even low angle grain boundaries to move during recrystallisation. The effect of this non-zero mobility of low angle grain boundaries will be analysed for the recrystallisation of deformed Al single crystals with Cube orientation. It will be shown that low angle grain boundaries indeed influence the kinetics as well as the texture evolution of metallic materials during recrystallisation.

scholarly journals Optimizing of Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Biomass Production in Wet Market Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2216
Author(s):  
Najeeha Mohd Apandi ◽  
Mimi Suliza Muhamad ◽  
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed ◽  
Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wet Market ◽  
Central Composite

The present study aimed to optimize the production of Scenedesmus sp. biomass during the phycoremediation process. The biomass productivity was optimized using face centred central composite design (FCCCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of two independent variables that included wet market wastewater concentrations (A) with a range of 10% to 75% and aeration rate (B) with a range of 0.02 to 4.0 L/min. The results revealed that the highest biomass productivity (73 mg/L/d) and maximum growth rate (1.19 day−1) was achieved with the 64.26% of (A) and 3.08 L/min of (B). The GC-MS composition analysis of the biomass yield extract revealed that the major compounds are hexadecane (25%), glaucine (16.2%), and phytol (8.33%). The presence of these compounds suggests that WMW has the potential to be used as a production medium for Scenedesmus sp. Biomass, which has several applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry.

Texture Evolution and Softening Processes in an Austenitic Ni-30Fe Alloy Subjected to Hot Deformation and Subsequent Annealing

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Pavel Cizek ◽  
A.S. Taylor ◽  
Hossein Beladi
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Softening Mechanism ◽  
Dynamic Softening ◽  
Random Complex ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dislocation Annihilation ◽  
Softening Stage

The current work has investigated the texture development in an austenitic Ni-30Fe model alloy during deformation within the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) regime and after post-deformation annealing. Both the deformed matrix and DRX texture displayed the expected FCC shear components, the latter being dominated by the low Taylor factor grains, which was presumably caused by their lower consumption rate during DRX. The deformed matrix grains were largely characterized by organized, microband structures, while the DRX grains showed more random, complex subgrains/cell arrangements. The latter substructure type proved to be significantly less stable during post-deformation annealing. The recrystallization of the deformed matrix occurred through nucleation and growth of new grains fully replacing the deformed structure, as expected for the classical static recrystallization (SRX). Unlike the DRX grains, the SRX texture was essentially random. By contrast, a novel softening mechanism was revealed during annealing of the fully DRX microstructure. The initial post-dynamic softening stage involved rapid growth of the dynamically formed nuclei and migration of the mobile boundaries in line with the well-established metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) mechanism, which weakened the starting DRX texture. However, in parallel, the sub-boundaries within the deformed DRX grains progressively disintegrated through dislocation climb and dislocation annihilation, which ultimately led to the formation of dislocation-free grains. Consequently, the weakened DRX texture largely remained preserved throughout the annealing process.

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

Reassessment of Maximum Growth Rates for C3 and C4 Crops

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiencies

SUMMARYFigures for maximum crop growth rates, reviewed by Gifford (1974), suggest that the productivity of C3 and C4 species is almost indistinguishable. However, close inspection of these figures at source and correspondence with several authors revealed a number of errors. When all unreliable figures were discarded, the maximum growth rate for C3 stands fell in the range 34–39 g m−2 d−1 compared with 50–54 g m−2 d−1 for C4 stands. Maximum growth rates averaged over the whole growing season showed a similar difference: 13 g m−2 d−1 for C3 and 22 g m−2 d−1 for C4. These figures correspond to photosynthetic efficiencies of approximately 1·4 and 2·0%.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Texture Evolution During Annealing of Cold Rolled Bcc and Fcc Metals Using a Cellular Automation Approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Marx ◽  
D. Raabe ◽  
O. Engler ◽  
G. Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformation Texture ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Static Recovery ◽  
Fcc Metals ◽  
Cellular Automation ◽  
Texture Change ◽  
Cold Rolled

In this study both primary static recrystallization and static recovery of cold rolled bcc and fcc metals and alloys are numerically simulated using a three-dimensional model that is based on a modified cellular automaton approach. The model considers the influence of the initial deformation texture and microstructure on both static recovery and primary static recrystallization with a high spatial resolution. The cellular automat technique provides both local and statistical information about the kinetics, the morphology and the texture change during annealing. The influence of nucleation and growth can be studied in detail. The simulations are compared to experimental results obtained on fcc and bcc polycrystals.

Vortex evolution in a round jet

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Becker ◽  
T. A. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Vortex ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Light Scatter ◽  
Turbulent Eddies ◽  
Cylindrical Vortex ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Axisymmetrical Jet

A study has been made of the varicose instability of an axisymmetrical jet with a velocity distribution radially uniform at the nozzle mouth except for a laminar boundary layer at the wall. The evolutionary phenomena of instability, such as the rolling up of the cylindrical vortex layer into ring vortices, the coalescence of ring vortex pairs, and the eventual disintegration into turbulent eddies, have been investigated as a function of the Reynolds number using smoke photography, stroboscopic observation, and the light-scatter technique.Emphasis has been placed on the wavelength with maximum growth rate. The jet is highly sensitive to sound and the effects of several types of acoustic excitation, including pure tones, have been determined.

Low Temperature Release of Stored Energy in Cold Worked Copper

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Henderson ◽  
J. S. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Cold Worked

Plasma instabilities driven by pickup ions of ring-beam velocity distributions in the outer heliosheath 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Mousavi ◽  
Kaijun Liu ◽  
Sina Sadeghzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Plasma Instabilities ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Beam Velocity ◽  
Background Magnetic Field ◽  
Hybrid Simulations

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The stability of the pickup ions in the outer heliosheath has been studied by many researchers because of its relevance to the energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon observed by the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer. However, previous studies are primarily limited to pickup ions of near &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;90&amp;#176; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;pickup angles, the angle between the pickup ion injection velocity and the background, local interstellar magnetic field. Investigations on pickup ions of smaller pickup angles are still lacking. In this paper, linear kinetic dispersion analysis and hybrid simulations are carried out to examine the plasma instabilities driven by pickup ions of ring-beam velocity distributions at various pickup angles between zero and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;90&amp;#176;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Parallel propagating waves are studied in the parameter regime where the parallel thermal spread of the pickup ions falls into the Alfv&amp;#233;n cyclotron stability gap. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The linear analysis results and hybrid simulations both show that the fastest growing modes are the right-hand helicity waves propagating in the direction of the background magnetic field, and the maximum growth rate occurs at the pickup angle of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;82&amp;#176;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. The simulation results further reveal that the saturation level of the fluctuating magnetic fields for pickup angles below &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;45&amp;#176; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;is higher than that for pickup angles above &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;45&amp;#176;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. So, the scattering of pickup ions at near zero pickup angles is likely more pronounced than that at near &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;90&amp;#176; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;pickup angles&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;

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