scholarly journals Atomic Oxygen Treatment Technique for Removal of Smoke Damage From Paintings

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Rutledge ◽  
B.A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
Oxygen Treatment

ABSTRACTSoot deposits that can accumulate on surfaces of a painting during a fire can be difficult to clean from some types of paintings without damaging the underlying paint layers. A non-contact technique has been developed which can remove the soot by allowing a gas containing atomic oxygen to flow over the surface and chemically react with the soot to form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The reaction is limited to the surface, so the underlying paint is not touched. The process can be controlled so that the cleaning can be stopped once the paint surface is reached. This paper describes the smoke exposure and cleaning of untreated canvas, acrylic gesso, and sections of an oil painting using this technique. The samples were characterized by optical microscopy and reflectance spectroscopy.

Low-Fluence Laser Induced Fragmentation and Desorption of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (PTCDA) Thin Film

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljona Ramonova ◽  
Tengiz Butkhuzi ◽  
Viktorija Abaeva ◽  
I.V. Tvauri ◽  
Soslan Khubezhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Molecular Fragmentation ◽  
Irradiation Pulse ◽  
Main Effect

Laser-induced fragmentation and desorption of fragments of PTCDA films vacuum-deposited on GaAs (100) substrate has been studied by time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy. The main effect caused by pulsed laser light irradiation (pulse duration: 10 ns, photon energy: 2.34 eV and laser fluence ranging from 0.5 to 7 mJ/cm2) is PTCDA molecular fragmentation and desorption of the fragments formed, whereas no desorption of intact PTCDA molecule was detected. Fragments formed are perylene core C20H8, its half C10H4, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and atomic oxygen. All desorbing fragments have essentially different kinetic energy. The mechanism of photoinduced molecular fragmentation and desorption is discussed.

The oxidation of Carbon with Atomic Oxygen

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Blackwood ◽  
FK McTaggart
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Radio Frequency Field ◽  
Frequency Field

Atomic oxygen, produced by dissociation of molecular oxygen in a radio frequency field, will react with amorphous or graphitic carbon at room temperatures and both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide appear in the product gases. Carbon monoxide appears to be the primary product of oxidation of carbon, the carbon dioxide being produced by direct combination of carbon monoxide with oxygen which takes place mainly at the carbon surface. Atomic oxygen will also react with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen but the quantity of carbon monoxide produced by this reaction is small compared to that produced by direct oxidation of the carbon.

scholarly journals Mariner 6: Ultraviolet spectrum of Mars upper atmosphere

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Barth ◽  
W. G. Fastie ◽  
C. W. Hord ◽  
J. B. Pearce ◽  
K. K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Upper Atmosphere

Emission features from ionized carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were measured in the 1900- to 4300-Å spectral region. The Lyman-α 1216-Å line of atomic hydrogen and the 1304-, 1356-, and 2972-Å lines of atomic oxygen were observed.

scholarly journals Atomic Oxygen Treatment and Its Effect on a Variety of Artist's Media

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K.R. Miller ◽  
Bruce A. Banks ◽  
Deborah L. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Art Restoration ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Exposure Testing ◽  
Environmental Simulation ◽  
Atomic Oxygen Exposure

ABSTRACTAtomic oxygen treatment has been investigated as an unconventional option for art restoration where conventional methods have not been effective. Exposure of surfaces to atomic oxygen was first performed to investigate the durability of materials in the low Earth orbit environment of space. The use of the ground based environmental simulation chambers, developed for atomic oxygen exposure testing, has been investigated in collaboration with conservators at a variety of institutions, as a method to clean the surfaces of works of art. The atomic oxygen treatment technique has been evaluated as a method to remove soot and char from the surface of oil paint (both varnished and unvarnished), watercolors, acrylic paint, and fabric as well as the removal of graffiti and other marks from surfaces which are too porous to lend themselves to conventional solvent removal techniques. This paper will discuss the treatment of these surfaces giving an example of each and a discussion of the treatment results.

scholarly journals Photodissociation of Carbon Dioxide in the Mars Upper Atmosphere

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Charles A. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Laboratory Measurements

Photodissociation of carbon dioxide produces O (1S) atoms and CO (a3Π) molecules in the Mars upper atmosphere. Calculations of the emission rate of the atomic oxygen 2972 Å line and the carbon monoxide Cameron bands produced by the photodissociation mechanism are factors of 3 and 10, respectively, smaller than the emission rates observed by Mariner ultraviolet spectrometers. Laboratory measurements are needed to understand the discrepancies.

Restructured Beef Steaks Manufactured Using Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide Gas

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 975-977
Author(s):  
D. L. HUFFMAN ◽  
N. R. OTTAVIANO ◽  
J. C. CORDRAY ◽  
W. R. JONES ◽  
C. F. ANDE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
B Values ◽  
Binding Strength ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Oxygen Treatment ◽  
Beef Steaks ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment

Restructured beef steaks were manufactured from boneless, tenderized USDA Utility inside cow rounds (semimembranosus) and USDA Choice beef plates which were treated with oxygen, carbon dioxide or a combination of carbon monoxide and nitrogen gas during the mixing stage of the manufacturing process. Treatments were preformulated to 15% fat and mixed for 15 min during which time the various gas atmospheres were incorporated into the mixer. All treatments received 2% water and 0.75% sodium chloride during the mixing cycle. Proximate analysis, objective and subjective color, mechanical shear and binding strength were examined. Gaseous treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on moisture, fat or protein percentages. Carbon monoxide (10.01% carbon monoxide mixed with nitrogen) treatment increased Hunter “a” and “b” and reflectance (685 nm) values. Oxygen treatment had no effect (P>0.05) on Hunter “L”, “a” or “b” values or reflectance (685 nm) values. Carbon dioxide decreased (P<0.05) both Hunter “b” and reflectance (685 nm) values. Subjective scores indicated more discoloration (P<0.05) for the carbon dioxide treatment than the carbon monoxide or oxygen treatments, but none of the treatment groups was different from the control. Shear (Kramer) and binding (Instron) values were unaffected (P>0.05) by the treatments.

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