scholarly journals Strength, Thermal Defects, and Solid Solution Hardening in Nickel-Containing B2 Iron Aluminides

1996 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Schneibel ◽  
P. R. Munroe ◽  
L. M. PIKE
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Iron Aluminides ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Equilibrium Vacancy ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Equilibrium Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Solution Strengthening

ABSTRACTNickel-containing ternary iron aluminides with an aluminum concentration of 45 at. % were investigated with respect to room temperature strength, equilibrium vacancy concentration, and the kinetics of vacancy removal. As compared to binary iron aluminides with the same Al concentration, nickel additions reduce the thermal equilibrium vacancy concentration at 1273 K, whereas they increase this concentration at 973 K. Furthermore, at low temperatures such as 673 K, nickel additions increase dramatically the time needed to reach vacancy equilibrium. During prolonged annealing at 673 K, the density of <001> dislocations in Fe-45Al-3Ni (at. %) increased by an order of magnitude. This suggests that dislocations act as sinks for vacancies. At the same time, the number density of small (20–50 nm) voids decreased, indicating that they were not stable in the absence of substantial vacancy supersaturations. Our findings show also that the solid solution strengthening of iron aluminides due to Ni is much weaker than previously thought.

scholarly journals The Importance of Diffusivity and Partitioning Behavior of Solid Solution Strengthening Elements for the High Temperature Creep Strength of Ni-Base Superalloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 6195-6206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giese ◽  
A. Bezold ◽  
M. Pröbstle ◽  
A. Heckl ◽  
S. Neumeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Partitioning Behavior

AbstractThe creep resistance of single-crystalline Ni-base superalloys at elevated temperatures depends among others on solid solution strengthening of the γ-matrix. To study the influence of various solid solution strengtheners on the mechanical properties, a series of Ni-base superalloys with the same content of different alloying elements (Ir, Mo, Re, Rh, Ru, W) or element combinations (MoW, ReMo, ReW) was investigated. Nanoindentation measurements were performed to correlate the partitioning behavior of the solid solution strengtheners with the hardness of the individual phases. The lowest γ′/γ-hardness ratio was observed for the Re-containing alloy with the strongest partitioning of Re to the γ-matrix. As a result of the creep experiments in the high-temperature/low-stress regime (1373 K (1100 °C)/140 MPa), it can be concluded that solid solution hardening in the γ-phase plays an essential role. The stronger the partitioning to the γ-phase and the lower the interdiffusion coefficient of the alloying element, the better the creep resistance. Therefore, the best creep behavior is found for alloys containing high contents of slow-diffusing elements that partition preferably to the γ-phase, particularly Re followed by W and Mo.

Nanoindentation investigations to study solid solution hardening in Ni-based diffusion couples

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Franke ◽  
Karsten Durst ◽  
Mathias Göken
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Solution Hardening ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Acta Mater ◽  
Solution Strengthening

In this work the hardening effect of Ta and Mo in Ni-base alloys was investigated using a combinatorial approach with diffusion couples. Furthermore, the Ni-Fe system was used as a reference system taking advantage of the full miscibility at high temperatures. Ta was chosen, as aside from having a technical relevance in the Ni-base superalloys, it also has a high miscibility in Ni. The main focus of this paper will be solid solution hardening. It will be shown that even though the determination of hardness is subject to varying indentation size effects (ISE) [Durst et al., Acta Mater.55(20), 6825 (2007)], only a few modifications are necessary to describe solid solution strengthening measured by nanoindentations using the Labusch theory [Labusch, Acta Metall.20(7), 917 (1972)]. Moreover, after a careful evaluation of the results, the data can be used to investigate solid solution hardening effects quickly and efficiently with small amounts of material.

Modelling of the Influence of Laves Phase on the Creep Properties in 9% Cr Steels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Magnusson ◽  
Rolf Sandstro¨m
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Solute Drag ◽  
Laves Phase ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Moving Frame ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening ◽  
Multi Component System

Nucleation and growth of Laves phase are calculated for a multi-component system. Coarsening of MX, M23C6 and Laves are also determined. The influence on creep strength is discussed by analysing particle hardening and solid solution strengthening. A model for particle size distribution is presented in order to determine the amount of dislocations that can climb across particles or generate Orowan loops. The model for solid solution hardening is based on a solution of Fick’s second law with a moving frame of reference for the concentration profiles around a climbing dislocation. This is done in order to determine the slowdown in dislocations velocity due to solute drag. The results show a loss in creep strength as the Laves phase grows.

scholarly journals Solid Solution Strengthening of Mo, Re, Ta and W in Ni during High-Temperature Creep

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Lukas Haußmann ◽  
Hamad ur ur Rehman ◽  
Dorothea Matschkal ◽  
Mathias Göken ◽  
Steffen Neumeier
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
High Temperature Creep ◽  
Solution Hardening ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening

Solid solution strengthening of the unordered γ matrix phase by alloying elements is of great importance during creep of Ni-based superalloys, particularly at high temperatures above 1000 °C. To study the role of different potent solutes, we have conducted creep experiments on binary Ni-2X alloys (X = Mo, Re, Ta, W) at 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C at a constant stress of 20 MPa. Compared to mechanical tests below 800 °C, where the size of the elements mostly determines the solid solution hardening contribution, the strengthening contribution of the different alloying elements above 1000 °C directly correlates with their diffusivity. Therefore, elements such as Ta that lead to strong solid solution hardening at low temperatures become less effective at higher temperatures and are exceeded by slower diffusing elements, such as Re.

OLIN ALLOY C5218

Alloy Digest ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening

Abstract Olin Alloy C5218 is a phosphor bronze alloy given both dispersion- and solid-solution strengthening for applications in the automotive connector market. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength. Filing Code: CU-715. Producer or source: Olin Brass.

Lattice distortion as an estimator of solid solution strengthening in high-entropy alloys

2021 ◽  
pp. 110877
Author(s):  
Ankit Roy ◽  
Praveen Sreeramagiri ◽  
Tomas Babuska ◽  
Brandon Krick ◽  
Pratik K. Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening

scholarly journals Strength, Hardness, and Ductility Evidence of Solid Solution Strengthening and Limited Hydrogen Embrittlement in the Alloy System Palladium-Copper (Cu wt. % 5–25)

Hydrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
Sebastian DiMauro ◽  
Gabrielle Legall ◽  
Coleman Lubinsky ◽  
Monica Nadeau ◽  
Renee Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Solution Strengthening ◽  
Palladium Copper Alloys

Strength, hardness, and ductility characteristics were determined for a series of palladium-copper alloys that compositionally vary from 5 to 25 weight percent copper. Alloy specimens subjected to vacuum annealing showed clear evidence of solid solution strengthening. These specimens showed, as a function of increasing copper content, increased yield strength, ultimate strength, and Vickers microhardness, while their ductility was little affected by compositional differences. Annealed alloy specimens subsequently subjected to exposure to hydrogen at 323 K and PH2 = 1 atm showed evidence of hydrogen embrittlement up to a composition of ~15 wt. % Cu. The magnitude of the hydrogen embrittlement decreased with increasing copper content in the alloy.

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