scholarly journals Tribological Properties of Nitrogen Implanted and Boron Implanted Steels

1996 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Kern ◽  
K. C. Walter ◽  
S. Fayeulle ◽  
A. J. Griffin ◽  
H. Kung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Boron Ions

AbstractSamples of steel with high chrome content were implanted separately with 75 keV nitrogen ions and with 75 keV boron ions. Implanted doses of each ion species were 2-,4- and 8 × 1017 /cm2. Retained doses were measured using resonant non-Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. Tribological properties were determined using a pin-ondisk test with a 6-mm diameter ruby pin with a velocity of 0.94 m/min. Testing was done at 10% humidity with a load of 377g. Wear rate and coefficient of friction were determined from these tests. While reduction in the wear rate for nitrogen implanted materials was observed, greater reduction (more than an order of magnitude) was observed for boron implanted materials. In addition, reduction in the coefficient of friction for high-dose boron implanted materials was observed. Nano-indentation revealed a hardened layer near the surface of the material. Results from grazing incidence x-ray diffraction suggest the formation of Fe2N and Fe3N in the nitrogen implanted materials and Fe3B in the boron implanted materials. Results from transmission electron microscopy will be presented.

Tribological Properties of Polyoxymethylene Composites Against Aluminum

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Kurokawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Uchiyama ◽  
Tomoaki Iwai ◽  
Susumu Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Transfer Film ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Tribological properties of several kinds of polyoxymethylene (POM) composites were evaluated for the purpose of developing a polymeric tribomaterial especially suited for mating with aluminum parts having low surface hardness. POM composites containing small amounts of silicon carbide (SiC), POM/SiC; those containing a small amount of calcium octacosanonoate besides SiC, POM/SiC/Ca-OCA; and the one blended with 24 wt % of polytetrafluoroethylene, POM/PTFE(24); were injection-molded into pin specimens and their tribological properties were tested by means of a pin-on-disk type wear apparatus using an aluminum (A5056) mating disk in comparison with a 303 stainless steel (SUS303) disk. Evaluation was focused on observation of the sliding surfaces of the pin specimens and the mating disks by a scanning electron microscope and an optical microscope together with the measurement of surface roughness. In the case of mating against a SUS303 disk having high surface hardness, all pin specimens did not roughen the disk surfaces even after long time of rubbing. Only POM/PTFE(24) composite obviously made a transfer film on the disk surface, while the other composites made an extremely thin one on it. POM/SiC(0.1)/Ca-OCA(1) composite, containing SiC 0.1 wt. % and Ca-OCA 1 wt. %, was found to show the lowest coefficient of friction and the lowest wear rate forming extremely thin transfer film on the mating disk. On the other hand, against an A5056 disk which has lower surface hardness than that of SUS303 disk, unfilled POM and POM composites except POM/SiC(0.1)/Ca-OCA(1) composite roughened the disk surfaces. However, the sliding surface of the A5056 disk rubbed with POM/SiC(0.1)/Ca-OCA(1) composite was significantly smoother and that of the pin specimen was also quite smooth in comparison with other pin specimens. Further, when each POM composite was rubbed against the A5056 disk, formation of transfer film was not obvious on the disk surfaces. For POM/SiC(0.1)/Ca-OCA(1) composite, the wear rate was the lowest of all POM composites, and the coefficient of friction was as low level as 60 percent of that of unfilled POM, but slightly higher than that of POM/PTFE(24) composite. For POM/SiC(0.1)/Ca-OCA(1) composite, the nucleating effect of SiC and Ca-OCA, which accelerated the crystallization of POM during its injection molding to form a matrix containing fine spherulites, must have resulted in increasing the toughness of the matrix and lowering the wear rate. Also, the lubricant effect of Ca-OCA should have lowered the coefficient of friction of the same matrix for rubbing against aluminum mating disk. POM/SiC(0.1)/Ca-OCA(1) composite was concluded as an excellent tribomaterial for mating with aluminum parts.

Manufacture and Tribological Properties of C/C-SiC Brake Composites Fabricated by Warm Compacted In Situ Reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1665-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Peng ◽  
Li Zhuan ◽  
Xiong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Sic Composites

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by warm compacted in-situ reaction. The C/C-SiC composites microstructure and tribological properties at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicated that the composites were composed of 58 wt% C, 37 wt% SiC and 5 wt% Si. The density and open porosity were 2.0 g•cm-3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performance, including a good stability of brake, the coefficient of friction between 0.57 and 0.67, and the wear rate less than 2.02 cm3•MJ-1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems.

scholarly journals Experimental and Analytical Investigations on Tribological Properties of PTFE/AP Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4295
Author(s):  
Hai Wang ◽  
Annan Sun ◽  
Xiaowen Qi ◽  
Yu Dong ◽  
Bingli Fan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Transfer Films ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

The tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/AP (poly(para-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPTA) pulp) composites under different test conditions (load: 2N, 10N; frequency: 1 Hz, 4 Hz; amplitude: 2 mm, 8 mm) were holistically evaluated. PTFE/AP composites with different AP mass ratios of 3%, 6%, and 12% as a skeleton support material were prepared. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate were determined on a ball-on-disk tribometer. Furthermore, the morphology, element composition, and chemical structure of the transfer membrane were analyzed accordingly. The relationships between load, frequency, amplitude, and tribological properties were further investigated. According to the wear mechanism, AP enables effective improvement in the stiffness and wear resistance, which is also conducive to the formation of transfer films.

CREATION OF COMPOSITE BRONZES REINFORCED BY STEEL DENDRITES

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
B. A. Potekhin ◽  
A. S. Khristolyubov ◽  
A. Yu. Zhilyakov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
New Class ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The paper studies the group of composite bronzes, BrFNCA 9-4-1-1, BrFNA 12-7-1 and others where brittle Cu3Sn intermetallics are «replaced» by steel dendrites. The mass transfer of Fe, Ni, Co, Al between the matrix and dendrites in these bronzes is investigated. Dendrite dispersion depending on the methods used to produce these bronzes can be increased by a factor of 10, for example, in the vacuum casting process. The mechanical properties of BrFNCA samples (σв = 372 МPа, δ = 25 %, ψ = 42 %) are higher as compared with the BrO10 prototype: by 50 % in terms of σв hardness, and by 4–5 times in terms of δ and ψ plasticity. The coefficient of friction is lower than that of BrO10 by 20–30 %, and wear resistance is higher by an order of magnitude. The fact of a significant effect of the dendritic component dispersion on the BrFNA bronze wear rate is found. Thus, the wear rate for 1 μm and 10 μm dendrite cross sections is 0,002 and 0,025, respectively, and the coefficient of friction remains unchanged, i.e. it does not depend on dendrite dispersion. The whole set of mechanical, processing and service properties makes it possible to consider that the semicommercial tests of this new class of BrFNCA composite bronzes reinforced with H12C7A maraging dendrites for sliding friction units are justified and promising.

scholarly journals Tribological Aspects, Optimization and Analysis of Cu-B-CrC Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4217
Author(s):  
Üsame Ali Usca ◽  
Mahir Uzun ◽  
Mustafa Kuntoğlu ◽  
Serhat Şap ◽  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Four Levels

Tribological properties of engineering components are a key issue due to their effect on the operational performance factors such as wear, surface characteristics, service life and in situ behavior. Thus, for better component quality, process parameters have major importance, especially for metal matrix composites (MMCs), which are a special class of materials used in a wide range of engineering applications including but not limited to structural, automotive and aeronautics. This paper deals with the tribological behavior of Cu-B-CrC composites (Cu-main matrix, B-CrC-reinforcement by 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 wt.%). The tribological characteristics investigated in this study are the coefficient of friction, wear rate and weight loss. For this purpose, four levels of sliding distance (1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m) and four levels of applied load (10, 15, 20 and 25 N) were used. In addition, two levels of sliding velocity (1 and 1.5 m/s), two levels of sintering time (1 and 2 h) and two sintering temperatures (1000 and 1050 °C) were used. Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array was used to statistically analyze the aforementioned input parameters and to determine their best levels which give the desired values for the analyzed tribological characteristics. The results were analyzed by statistical analysis, optimization and 3D surface plots. Accordingly, it was determined that the most effective factor for wear rate, weight loss and friction coefficients is the contribution rate. According to signal-to-noise ratios, optimum solutions can be sorted as: the highest levels of parameters except for applied load and reinforcement ratio (2500 m, 10 N, 1.5 m/s, 2 h, 1050 °C and 0 wt.%) for wear rate, certain levels of all parameters (1000 m, 10 N, 1.5 m/s, 2 h, 1050 °C and 2.5 wt.%) for weight loss and 1000 m, 15 N, 1 m/s, 1 h, 1000 °C and 0 wt.% for the coefficient of friction. The comprehensive analysis of findings has practical significance and provides valuable information for a composite material from the production phase to the actual working conditions.

Mechanical and tribological properties of ice-bonded abrasive polishing tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rambabu ◽  
N Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Melting Rate ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Polishing Tool ◽  
Hardness Coefficient

This article covers the efforts on characterising ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool in terms of the mechanical and tribological properties such as hardness, coefficient of friction, and wear rate. These studies were attempted on the tools prepared at different temperatures ranging from −10 °C to 0 °C with a view to identify the condition suitable to prepare ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool for effective polishing of Ti–6Al–4V alloy specimen. It also presents the methods adopted to determine various properties of ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool. Hardness was estimated from the measured penetration depth of cone shape indenter into the tool, coefficient of friction was determined from the change in power drawn by the motor rotating the tool mould, and wear behaviour of tool was assessed from the melting rate of the tool determined from the change in height of ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool at different stages of polishing. From the results of this study, it is clear that ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool prepared at −4 °C has possessed sufficient hardness, coefficient of friction, and reasonable wear rate suitable for polishing of Ti–6Al–4V specimens. This article also covers the details of low-temperature coolant supply unit developed to prepare the ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool at any desired temperature between 0 °C and −40 °C and thus to maintain it for a long time. Polishing studies with such ice-bonded abrasive polishing tool showed 72% improvement in finish after 90 min of polishing of Ti–6Al–4V specimen with tool, prepared at −4 °C.

scholarly journals The Effect of Elemental Composition and Nanostructure of Multilayer Composite Coatings on Their Tribological Properties at Elevated Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Vereschaka ◽  
Sergey Grigoriev ◽  
Vladimir Tabakov ◽  
Mars Migranov ◽  
Nikolay Sitnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Multilayer Composite ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tribological Parameters ◽  
Adhesion Component

The chapter discusses the tribological properties of samples with multilayer composite nanostructured Ti-TiN-(Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N, Zr-ZrN-(Nb,Zr,Cr,Al)N, and Zr-ZrN-(Zr,Al,Si)N coatings, as well as Ti-TiN-(Ti,Al,Cr)N, with different values of the nanolayer period λ. The relationship between tribological parameters, a temperature varying within a range of 20–1000°C, and λ was investigated. The studies have found that the adhesion component of the coefficient of friction (COF) varies nonlinearly with a pronounced extremum depending on temperature. The value of λ has a noticeable influence on the tribological properties of the coatings, and the nature of the mentioned influence depends on temperature. The tests found that for the coatings with all studied values of λ, an increase in temperature first caused an increase and then a decrease in COF.

Dry Slide Wear Behavior of Graphite and SiC, TiO2 Filled the Unidirectional Glass-Epoxy Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Madhanagopal ◽  
S. Gopalakannan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Unidirectional Glass ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

This study determines the friction and the wear properties of the unidirectional glass epoxy composite with Gr, SiC TiO2 powder by using pin on disk apparatus. This tribological data is obtained in dry sliding condition for a constant sliding time of 30 minutes. Test specimens are prepared using hand lay-up process and by varying the different (2, 5, 7) percentage each of graphite and SiC, TiO2 particles addition for the combination of fiber and matrix. The tests are performed by varying the operating parameters of contact pressure (p) and velocity (v). The composites (2% 5%, and 7%) are worn by dry sliding at the steel counter face under ambient conditions. The coefficient of friction reaches maximum of 0.78 at 2 kg load, 2 m/s velocity with testing time duration of 24 min. whereas 5%, 7% sample shows the coefficient of friction 0.28, 0.25 respectively. The specific wear rate value drops to 0.79 (mm3/N-m×10−6) at 2 kg load at 2 m/s velocity for the 5% specimen. The maximum reduction in the specific wear rate at 3 kg load, 1m/s velocity is 32.7 percentages, 5.63 percentages for the 5,7 percentage specimen compared to 2% specimen for the graphite and SiC, TiO2 particle filled composite specimen respectively. The SEM images are also taken to support the results.

Paper 21: Variations in Friction and Wear between Unlubricated Steel Surfaces

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (15) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
S. W. E. Earles ◽  
D. G. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Track Condition ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Steel Disc

Experiments have been conducted in a normal atmosphere using a 0·25-in diameter mild-steel pin specimen sliding on a 10-in diameter mild-steel disc. The ranges of normal force and speed are 0·5–10·4 lbf and 20–190 ft/s respectively. Initially the coefficient of friction is comparatively large, and the wear is of the severe metallic form. However, frictional heating causes rapid oxidation of the surfaces and, if the sliding distance is sufficient, the eventual retention of an oxide layer causes a rapid decrease in the coefficient of friction and the wear rate decreases by 3–4 orders of magnitude. At speeds above about 75 ft/s and loads below about 5 lbf the formation, after several hours' sliding, of a continuous oxide layer on the track causes a further reduction in the pin wear rate. At higher loads and/or lower speeds this track condition is not attained. At speeds of 75 ft/s and above there exists a critical load (the magnitude of which depends on speed) above which periodic removals of the surface film(s) occur producing metallic wear and high friction. However, the subsequent increase in oxidation allows conditions of mild wear to be re-established generally within a few seconds. The steady-state coefficient of friction has been observed to be a function of load1/2 × speed, and periodic surface breakdowns found to occur when load1/2 × speed exceeds 170 lbf1/2 ft/s, the frequency decreasing with increasing load or speed.

Some Tribological Properties of an Ionic Liquid

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nogi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Some tribological properties of an ionic liquid were investigated by using a pin-on-disc friction and wear tester. Due to running-in, the coefficient of friction of the ionic liquid decreased with time to a very low value of 0.02 which suggests that the lubrication regime was hydrodynamic at the end of the tests. Anti-wear performance of the ionic liquid was substantially comparable to a paraffin-based oil.

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