Mixed-Metal Templated Phosphate Phases

1996 ◽  
Vol 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina M. Nenoff ◽  
Nancy B. Jackson ◽  
William T. A. Harrison ◽  
Steven G. Thoma ◽  
Steven D. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Phosphate Phase

AbstractIn an effort to direct the structure formation and subsequently the catalytic properties of novel materials, both organic molecules and transition metals have been systematically incorporated into zinc phosphate materials, and various transition metals into zirconium phosphate materials. The resultant phases in the Zn/P experiments are determined not by the organic template, but by the type and stoichiometric amount of metal incorporated and by the organic template's anion. Furthermore, only one of the phases, a Ni/Zn/P, shows any acidic catalytic behavior. Similarly, the transition metals incorporated in stoichiometric amounts into the catalytically active novel zirconium phosphate are highly structure directing. Their presence inhibits the formation of the phosphate phase, instead promoting the formation of tetragonal ZrO2. The catalytic activity of the products are greatly diminished from the baseline material.The synthesis and characterization methods for each phase will be presented. Characterization techniques employed include single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, DCP and FTIR.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of Spinels Formed by Solid-Solid Interaction Between Fe2O3and V2O5

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Aziz Ahmed Said
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Selective Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Catalysts

Vanadium oxide catalysts doped or mixed with 1-50 mole % Fe3+ ions were prepared. The structure of the original samples and those calcined from 200 up to 500 °C were characterized by TG, DTA, IR and X-ray diffraction. The SBET values and texture of the solid catalysts were investigated. The catalytic dehydration-dehydrogenation of isopropanol was carried out at 200 °C using a flow system. The results obtained showed an observable decrease in the activity of V2O5 on the addition of Fe3+ ions. Moreover, Fe2V4O13 is the more active and selective catalyst than FeVO4 spinels. The results were correlated with the active sites created on the catalyst surface.

Facile Solid State Method Route Synthesis and Enhance Visible Light Activities of BiVO4 by Doping Co

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Jing Ling Hu ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Method

Using NH4VO3, Bi (NO3)3•5H2O and Co (NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials, Co doped BiVO4 (Co/BiVO4) photocatalysts were successfully prepared by solid state method. And the photo catalytic properties were test in this work. Crystal structures of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Methyl Orange (MO) was simulated as the sewage under the visible light to explorer the influence of the illumination time and the mass of photocatalyst. The visible-light absorption spectrum of BiVO4 was broadening with doping Co. It was found that the Co/BiVO4 had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 .The reason of enhanced catalytic effect also had been analyzed and discussed in the article.

Die Kristallstrukturen der isotypen Verbindungen Ba3[MoN4] und Ba3[WN4] / The Crystal Structures of the Isotypic Compounds Ba3[MoN4] and Ba3[WN4]

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Gudat ◽  
Peter Höhn ◽  
Rüdiger Kniep ◽  
Albrecht Rabenau
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ternary Compounds ◽  
The Third

The isotypic ternary compounds Ba3[MoN4] and Ba3[WN4] were prepared by reaction of the transition metals with barium (Ba3N2, resp.) under nitrogen. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction: Ba3[MoN4] (Ba3[WN4]): Pbca; Z = 8; a = 1083.9(3) pm (1091.8(3) pm), b = 1030.3(3) pm (1037.5(3) pm), c = 1202.9(3) pm (1209.2(4) pm). The structures contain isolated tetrahedral anions [MN4]6- (M = Mo, W) which are arranged in form of slightly distorted hexagonal layers and which are stacked along [010] with the sequence (···AB···). Two of the three Ba atoms are situated between, the third one is placed within the layers of [MN4]-groups. In this way the structures can be derived from the Na3As structure type.

Preparation and Application of Lead Dioxide Electrode for Zinc Electrolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
Xiao Yong Yang ◽  
Pei Xian Zhu ◽  
Yun Sen Si
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
Lead Dioxide Electrode

According to the process of anodic oxygen evolution in sulfate system for zinc electrolysis,Ti-base lead dioxide electrode can be prepared to use in this case.The surface characterization of the electrode was studied by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrode lifetime was tested in 1mol/L H2SO4solution at 60°C,and the electro-catalytic properties was examined by polarization curves.Then these samples was enlarged and simulation test was conducted at Mengzi marriage zinc smelter in Yunnan.The results show that the electro-catalytic properties is better and the electrodes lifetime is longer compared to the traditional lead electrode.Moreover,it has a significant effect in reducing energy consumption, manufacturing cost and improving the production and grade of zinc.

The conversion of smectite to illite during diagenesis: evidence from some illitic clays from bentonites and sandstones

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (352) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Nadeau ◽  
M. J. Wilson ◽  
W. J. McHardy ◽  
J. M. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Diffraction Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Of Burial ◽  
Particle Thickness ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractDiagenetic illitic clays from seven North American bentonites of Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretaceous ages and from three subsurface North Sea sandstones of Permian and Jurassic ages have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). XRD indicates that the clays from the bentonites are randomly and regularly interstratified illite/smectites (I/S) with 30–90% illite layers, whereas the clays from the Jurassic and Permian sandstones are regularly interstratified I/S, with 80–90% illite layers, and illite respectively. TEM of shadowed materials shows that randomly interstratified I/S consists primarily of mixtures of elementary smectite and ‘illite’ particles (10 and 20Å thick respectively) and that regularly interstratified I/S and illite consist mainly of ‘illite’ particles 20–50 Å thick and > 50 Å thick respectively. Regularly interstratified I/S from bentonites and sandstones are similar with regard to XRD character and particle thickness distribution. These observations can be rationalized if the interstratified XRD character arises from an interparticle diffraction effect, where the smectite interlayers perceived by XRD, result from adsorption of exchangeable cations and water or organic molecules at the interfaces of particles generally < 50Å thick. A neoformation mechanism is proposed by which smectite is converted to illite with increasing depth of burial in sedimentary rocks, based on dissolution of smectite particles and the precipitation/growth of ‘illite’ particles occurring within a population of thin phyllosilicate crystals.

Evolution structurale de la nacrite en fonction de la nature des molécules organiques intercalees

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ben Haj Amara ◽  
H. Ben Rhaiem ◽  
A. Plançon
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intercalated Compounds ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Intercalation Process

Nacrite has been intercalated with two polar organic molecules: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) andN-methylacetamide (NMA). The homogeneous nacrite complexes have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The XRD study is based on a comparison between experimental and calculated patterns. The structures of the intercalated compounds have been determined, including the mutual positions of the layers after intercalation and the positions of the intercalated molecules in the interlayer space. It has been shown that the intercalation process causes not only a swelling of the interlayer space but also a shift in the mutual in-plane positions of the layers. This shift depends on the nature of the intercalated molecules and is related to their shape and the hydrogen bonds which are established with the surrounding surfaces. For a given molecule, the intercalation process is the same for the different polytypes of the kaolinite family. These XRD results are consistent with those of IR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Electrochemical Detection of Glucose using CuO-NiO/MXene Modified Electrode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mohamed Elsafi ◽  
Vinotha Krishnasamy ◽  
Karthik Kannan ◽  
John-John Cabibihan ◽  
Abdulaziz Khalid AlAli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Proton Conductor ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Glassy Carbon Electrodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

High levels of glucose or acetone in breath confirms diabetes disease. One of the analytical devices that detect changes in breath is the electrochemical sensor having high selectivity, easy to use and being able to meet diabetic patient’s needs. In this study, sensors were made by fabricating metal oxide coated glassy carbon electrodes and using nafion as a proton conductor. Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR and morphological analysis have been performed for metal oxides to characterize their atomic arrangement and composition. In addition, electrochemical studies were done using Gamry instrument and curves plotted as current in amperes versus voltage to test the coated electrodes conductivity. High selectivity sensors provide promising applications in any field.

scholarly journals An N4-Tetradentate Hydrazone Ligand That Binds in a Neutral, Mono- and Bisdeprotonated Form to Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Metal Ions

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Devaraj Pandiarajan ◽  
Thomas Fox ◽  
Bernhard Spingler
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Coordination Chemistry ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrazone Ligand ◽  
X Ray

The coordination chemistry of butane-2,3-dione bis (2′-pyridylhydrazone) towards the divalent first-row transition metals zinc and iron has been explored. Depending upon the conditions, the ligand in the six complexes was found to be either neutral, mono, or doubly deprotonated. The zinc(II) and iron(II) complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction methods.

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