Growth of GaN on (100)Si Using a New C-H and N-H Free Single-Source Precursor

1995 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kouvetakis ◽  
Jeffrey McMurran ◽  
David B. Beach ◽  
David J. Smith

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated growth of crystalline GaN on Si substrates by using, for the first time, a novel inorganic precursor Cl2GaN3 and ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapor deposition techniques. Cross-sectional electron microscopy of the highly conformal films showed columnar growth of wurtzite GaN while Auger and RBS oxygen- and carbon-resonance spectroscopies showed that the films were pure and highly homogeneous. In addition to the high growth rates of 70–500 Å per minute, the low deposition temperature of 550–700 °C, and the nearly perfect GaN stoichiometry that we obtain, another notable advantage of our method is that it provides a carbon-free growth environment which is compatible with p-doping processes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Violette ◽  
Mehmet C. Öztürk ◽  
Patricia A. O'Neill ◽  
Kim Christensen ◽  
Dennis M. Maher

In this paper we present for the first time the use of the Si2H6/H2/Cl2 chemistry for selective silicon epitaxy in a rapid thermal CVD reactor. Depositions were carried out in an ultra-high vacuum rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (UHV-RTCVD) system designed and constructed at North Carolina State University. Experiments were performed over a temperature range of 650°C to 850°C and over a pressure range of 22 to 25 mTorr using a flow rate 100 sccm of 10% Si2H6 in H2 and 0 to 10 sccm of Cl2. Deposited layer thicknesses were evaluated using a combination of interferometry and profilometry. Without Cl2 over the range of 650°C to 850°C, the growth rate is approximately constant at 160 nm/min. exhibiting a weak dependence on temperature. A clear advantage of Si2H6 is that high growth rates compatible with single wafer manufacturing can be obtained at very low pressures thus minimizing the introduction of contaminants by the process gases. With the addition of C12, the growth rate is suppressed at temperatures below 800°C, but, at 800°C and above, it is affected only slightly for Cl2 flow rates below 5 sccm. As the Cl2 flow rate is increased past 5 sccm, the growth rate at higher temperatures becomes a strong function of Si2H6:Cl2 ratio. Excellent selectivity with respect to patterned SiO2 and Si3N4 was obtained over the entire Cl2 flow rate range suggesting that even lower Cl levels may be sufficient for selective deposition. This implies that selectivity can be obtained with Si:Cl ratios much lower than those introduced by the more commonly used SiH2Cl2 chemistry. Furthermore, because Si2H6 can provide high growth rates at very low pressures, the total partial pressures of Cl2 and resulting chlorinated species can be significantly lower than typically required for selectivity. Our results indicate that C12 successfully enhances selectivity and yields highly selective depositions for process durations well within the practical limits of single wafer manufacturing.


2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450079 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIM YANG ◽  
SHI JIE WANG ◽  
JI CHUAN HUO ◽  
XIAO HONG LI ◽  
JIAN XIN GUO ◽  
...  

Ta (3.3 nm)/ Ni – Al (3.3 nm) integrated films deposited on Si substrates by magnetron sputtering, annealed at various temperatures in a ultra-high vacuum, have been studied as diffusion barrier layers between Cu and Si for application in Cu interconnection. The images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) prove that the cross-sectional interfaces of Cu / Ta / Ni – Al / Si sample annealed at 600°C are clear and sharp. No Cu –silicide peaks can be found from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the 850°C annealed sample, but the sheet resistance of the sample increases abruptly. Moreover, large grooves are found from the image of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the 850°C annealed sample, implying the failure of the diffusion barrier. The integrated Ta / Ni – Al barrier layer retains thermally stable nature up to at least 800°C, indicating that the Ta / Ni – Al integrated film is an excellent diffusion barrier between Cu and Si .


1991 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inoue ◽  
T. Ohsuna ◽  
Y. Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Sakurai ◽  
L. Luo ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTCerium dioxide (CeO2) layers epitaxially grown on (100), (111) and (110) silicon substrates by electron beam evaporation in an ultra-high vacuum were investigated. CeO2 layers on Si (111) substrates were proved to be epitaxially grown at the substrate temperature above 200°C, and had considerably good crystalline quality. On the other hand, CeO2 layers grown on Si (100) at 800°C consisted of more than 98% volume fraction of (110) component. Cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction verified clearly the above crystallography orientation and that the <100> direction in the CeO2(110) plane was parallel with the <110> direction in the Si (100) plane. The cross-sectional lattice image confirmed the existence of ∼ 6 nm-thick intermediate amorphous layer between the CeO2 layer and the Si substrate.


1995 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Strong ◽  
D. W. Greve ◽  
M. M. Weeks

AbstractHeterojunction p++ GeSi / Si internal photoemission (HIP) detectors deposited by ultra high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) were investigated as alternatives to silicide Schottky-barrier type detectors for infrared focal plane arrays. HIP structures were grown using SiH4, GeH4, and B2H6 source gases on (100) p- Si substrates patterned with thermal oxide windows. Selective epitaxy was maintained over a range of boron concentrations (6×1019 – 6.5×1020 cm-3) and Ge fractions (0.38–0.50), and a maximum selective thickness of ~300Å was determined for silicon growth at 550°C. These structures were fabricated into IR detectors using techniques compatible with standard Si focal plane array processing technology. Photoresponse data were analyzed according to the modified Fowler equation, indicating cut-off wavelengths of 5–12 (μm) and Cl values of 8–21 (%/eV) depending on sample parameters. I(V) characteristics were also measured at various temperatures, yielding electrical barrier heights consistent with optical measurements.


1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 457-458
Author(s):  
D. Chandrasekhar ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
J. Kouvetakis

Group IV based alloys have received considerable attention in recent years, because of the possibility to tailor the band gap of the material system with respect to that of Si. Significant results have already been achieved with Si-Ge system, where the band gap of pseudomorphic Si1-xGex alloys is smaller than that of Si. Introduction of C onto substitutional lattice sites in Si has been proposed as a possible alternate method for tailoring the electronic properties of Si. Carbon incorporation into Si substitutionally could result in alloys whose band gap would be a function of carbon concentration and lie between the values for silicon (E =1.1 eV) and β-SiC (Eg = 2.3 eV). However, due to the low-equilibrium solubility limit of C in Si, 3.5x1017cm−3 at the eutectic temperature, highly supersaturated and metastable layers are essential to significantly alter strain and electrical properties of the alloys.In our present study, we have synthesized and characterized Si1-yCy (0.04 < y < 0.20) films grown on (001) Si substrates by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition at 625°C.


1996 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sun ◽  
R. F. Bartholomew ◽  
K. Bellur ◽  
P. A. O'Neil ◽  
A. Srivastava ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this paper we report the first NMOSFETs with elevated S/D selectively deposited by ultra high vacuum rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (UHV-RTCVD). The deposition process included an in-situ vacuum prebake (750 °C for 10 sec) followed by selective epitaxial growth (SEG) at 800 °C. Si2H6 was used as the silicon gas source instead of the more commonly used SiH4 and SiH2Cl2 in order to achieve high growth rates at low pressure. To prevent nucleation from occurring on insulator surfaces during growth, an etching mechanism was introduced by the addition of Cl2. The gases included 100 sccm of 10% Si2H6 in H2 and 2 sccm of Cl2 at a process pressure of 24 mTorr. An epitaxial growth rate of 160 nm/min has been achieved. The final epi thickness was around 0.1 μm. The S/D junctions were formed via ion implantation into the epi. The subsequent RTA (10 sec at 950 °C) resulted in an effective junction depth about 75 nm beneath the starting Si substrate. Process and device simulations reveal the importance of maintaining a shallow LDD junction for deep submicron devices by using low temperature selective deposition. MOSFETs exhibit good subthreshold characteristics with subthreshold swing of 86 mV/dec at a drain bias of 2.5 V, and threshold variations due to charge sharing and drain-induced-barrierlowering (DIBL) were moderate for Leff down to 0.35 μm. The gate-induced junction leakage current is below 2 pA/μm at a bias of 2.5 V.


Author(s):  
Michel Troyonal ◽  
Huei Pei Kuoal ◽  
Benjamin M. Siegelal

A field emission system for our experimental ultra high vacuum electron microscope has been designed, constructed and tested. The electron optical system is based on the prototype whose performance has already been reported. A cross-sectional schematic illustrating the field emission source, preaccelerator lens and accelerator is given in Fig. 1. This field emission system is designed to be used with an electron microscope operated at 100-150kV in the conventional transmission mode. The electron optical system used to control the imaging of the field emission beam on the specimen consists of a weak condenser lens and the pre-field of a strong objective lens. The pre-accelerator lens is an einzel lens and is operated together with the accelerator in the constant angular magnification mode (CAM).


Author(s):  
Pamela F. Lloyd ◽  
Scott D. Walck

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a novel technique for the deposition of tribological thin films. MoS2 is the archetypical solid lubricant material for aerospace applications. It provides a low coefficient of friction from cryogenic temperatures to about 350°C and can be used in ultra high vacuum environments. The TEM is ideally suited for studying the microstructural and tribo-chemical changes that occur during wear. The normal cross sectional TEM sample preparation method does not work well because the material’s lubricity causes the sandwich to separate. Walck et al. deposited MoS2 through a mesh mask which gave suitable results for as-deposited films, but the discontinuous nature of the film is unsuitable for wear-testing. To investigate wear-tested, room temperature (RT) PLD MoS2 films, the sample preparation technique of Heuer and Howitt was adapted.Two 300 run thick films were deposited on single crystal NaCl substrates. One was wear-tested on a ball-on-disk tribometer using a 30 gm load at 150 rpm for one minute, and subsequently coated with a heavy layer of evaporated gold.


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