Porous Nickel Oxide Films for Electrochemical Capacitors

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chuan Liu ◽  
Marc A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Nickel Oxide Films

ABSTRACTNiO/Ni composite thin films consisting of nano-sized particles have been found to perform as good electrodes in electrochemical capacitor applications. These films can provide a specific capacitance of 25-40 F/g. The low cost of raw materials and easy manufacturing process of this system should allow one to produce low-cost electrochemical capacitors.

Material Characteristics and the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors for Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Applications

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Burke ◽  
T.C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Organic Electrolytes

ABSTRACTElectrochemical capacitors (ultracapacitors) are one approach to meeting the high power requirements for the energy storage system in an electric vehicle. Energy is stored in an electrochemical capacitor by charge separation in the double layer formed in the micropores of a very high surface area electrode material, which does not undergo chemical change as in a battery. Consequently, the material requirements for capacitors are very different from those of batteries. In the last several years, a number of promising material technologies have been identified for use in electrochemical capacitors. These include activated carbon fibers, foams, and composites, doped conducting polymers, and mixed metal oxides. The most important material property is its specific capacitance (F/gm or F/cm3). Carbon materials with specific capacitances of 100 to 300 F/gm have been developed. Doped polymer materials having specific capacitances of 300 to 400 F/gm are also being studied. In addition to high specific capacitance, the electrode material must also have a low electronic resistivity ( < 0.1 Ω-cm) in order that charge can be distributed with minimum voltage drop in the electrode. Electrochemical capacitor cells have been fabricated using the various material technologies with both aqueous and organic electrolytes. Tests of the cells have shown near ideal charge/discharge characteristics — that is, the voltage versus time curves are nearly linear for constant current tests. The energy densities of 1 V cells, using aqueous electrolytes, are 1 to 1.5 W-h/kg and those of 3 V cells, using organic electrolytes are 7 to 10 W-h/kg. Most of the cells have high power densities of 1 to 3 kW/kg. Numerous new materials for electrochemical capacitors have been identified, processed, and tested in electrodes and cells in recent years and progress is rapid in this relatively new field of research.

scholarly journals Tin Whisker Growth Suppression Using NiO Sublayers Fabricated by Dip Coating

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jacob D. Buchanan ◽  
Vamsi Borra ◽  
Md Maidul Islam ◽  
Daniel G. Georgiev ◽  
Srikanth Itapu
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Whisker Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Tin Whisker ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Dip Coating Method ◽  
Nickel Oxide Films

Whiskers are small crystalline growths, which can grow from certain metals or alloys. Reaching up to several millimeters long, whiskers have the potential to cause device failures due to short circuits and contamination by debris. Tin (Sn) is one such metal that is particularly prone to whisker development. Until the 2006 RoHS Initiative, lead (Pb) was added to tin in small amounts (up to 2%) to greatly reduce the growth of whiskers. Since then, however, industry has switched to lead-free tin solders and coatings, and the issue of whisker growth on tin has attracted new interest. A reactive-sputtering-deposited nickel oxide sublayer was shown recently to strongly suppress the growth of whiskers from an overlaying tin layer. This paper reports on using nickel oxide films, obtained by a sol–gel dip coating method, as whisker suppressing sublayers. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and can easily be scaled up for manufacturing purposes. The properties of the sol–gel deposited nickel oxide film were examined using SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Samples containing the nickel oxide sublayer were observed through SEM periodically over several months to examine the surfaces for whisker development, and the results show that such layers can be very effective in suppressing whisker growth.

Electrochemical energy-storage performances of nickel oxide films prepared by a sparking method

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (83) ◽  
pp. 67795-67802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowamarn Chuminjak ◽  
Suphaporn Daothong ◽  
Preeyaporn Reanpang ◽  
Johannes Philipp Mensing ◽  
Ditsayut Phokharatkul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Energy Storage Applications ◽  
Nickel Oxide Films ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

The sparking method is a practical and effective preparation technique for porous nickel oxide films, suitable for energy-storage applications.

Application of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance of Manganese Modified Polypyrrole Thin Films for Electrochemical Capacitor

2017 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Purnama Ningsih ◽  
Clovia Z. Holdsworth ◽  
Scott W. Donne
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Crystal Resonator ◽  
Pyrrole Monomer

Polypyrrole (PPy) and manganese (Mn) due their remarkable properties offers a good performance for electrochemical capacitors. Manganese modified polypyrole (Mn-modified PPy) thin films were chronoamperometically (CA) deposited on the platinum-titanium crystal resonator as a part of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The performances of the thin films were then examined for performance using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The effects of pyrrole monomer and manganese oxides concentrations were also investigated in this study.

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