Vector E-Field Probe for Testing Industrial Applicators.

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Roussy ◽  
Jean-Marie Thiebaut ◽  
Kodjo Agbossou ◽  
Bernard Dichtel
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Modulated Scatterer

ABSTRACTUsing the modulated scatterer technique allows us to measure the electromagnetic field in an applicator. The design of a new sensor modulated at 25 Hz is described. The operating conditions and the performance are presented.The sensor can be used for measuring high microwave electric fields up to 10 kV/m in an industrial applicator supplied by any industrial magnetron.

On Meixner's edge condition for dielectric wedges

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (22) ◽  
pp. 1970-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Wedge Angle ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Edge Condition ◽  
First Case ◽  
Field Behaviour

It is pointed out that there is a difference between the electromagnetic field behaviour at the edge of a highly conducting wedge of angle greater than π (as predicted by Meixner) and the known field behaviour for a perfectly conducting wedge of the same angle. In particular, the perpendicular electric fields are infinite in the first case and finite in the latter. A careful examination of the theory suggests that Meixner's effect is real, but is only detectable in practical conductors if the wedge angle is very accurately machined.

scholarly journals Stark effect in iron and the contrast with pole effect

1937 ◽  
Vol 162 (910) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Panter ◽  
John Stuart Foster
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Pressure Shift ◽  
Relative Change

In the operating conditions of the iron arc there are a number of influences which may measurably affect the universally accepted standards of wave-lengths. Since this phenomenon appears to have some complexity, it is important to learn what part may be played by pure Stark effect. Already it is known that an increase of pressure within the source causes small shifts in the wave-lengths of most iron lines (pressure shift), which according to Babcock (1928) is always toward the red. This effect appears to be different from the so-called pole effect which consists of a relative change of wave-length at the pole as compared with that at the centre of the arc. For it is found that in the latter effect the shift is toward the red for some lines and toward the violet for others. In recent years the pole effect has been rather generally accepted as a pure Stark effect due to electric fields developed by the relatively large drop of potential near the pole. This view has indeed been taken as a result of earlier examinations of the Stark effect for iron in which the displacements of a few lines were reported to have the same sign as their pole effects.

The Experimental Study on the Influence of Human Body to Measurement of High Voltage Power Frequency Electric Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Kai Mao ◽  
Jin Gang Wang ◽  
Xu Dong Deng ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Zuo Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Enhancement Factor ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Field Distortion ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Frequency Electric Field

Based on the basic theory of electromagnetic field, the Electric Field Distortion (EFD) in power frequency electric field caused by induced current of human body has been analyzed. The enhancement factor of the electric field distortion is introduced to reduce the influences caused by human body in the measurement of high voltage electric fields. The Ansoft Maxwell is used to simulate and calculate the electric field distribution under the influence of the human body to have the value of enhancement factor. In addition, the enhancement factor has been corrected by experiment with the electromagnetic field analyzer EFA300. With the enhancement factor introduced in this paper, the measurement error can be reduced.

Local electric fields and molecular properties in heterogeneous environments through polarizable embedding

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 10070-10080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanna Holmgaard List ◽  
Hans Jørgen Aagaard Jensen ◽  
Jacob Kongsted
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
External Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Polarizable Embedding

Effective external field effects in spectroscopies of molecules in heterogeneous environments, i.e., the implications of the additional environment polarization induced by the probing electromagnetic field, can be significant and depart remarkably from the simple Onsager picture.

Calculation and analysis of the loss and heat on damper bars in large tubular hydro-generator

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liao ◽  
Zhen-Nan Fan ◽  
Li Han ◽  
Li-Dan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Rotor Core ◽  
Anisotropic Heat Conduction ◽  
Generator Design

Abstract In order to research the losses and heat of damper bars thoroughly, a multislice moving electromagnetic field-circuit coupling FE model of tubular hydro-generator and a 3D temperature field FE model of the rotor are built respectively. The factors such as rotor motion and non-linearity of the time-varying electromagnetic field, the stator slots skew, the anisotropic heat conduction of the rotor core lamination and different heat dissipation conditions on the windward and lee side of the poles are considered. Furthermore, according to the different operating conditions, different rotor structures and materials, compositive calculations about the losses and temperatures of the damper bars of a 36 MW generator are carried out, and the data are compared with the test. The results show that the computation precision is satisfied and the generator design is reasonable.

scholarly journals Radiation Problems Accompanying Carrier Production by an Electric Field in the Graphene

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Sergei P. Gavrilov ◽  
Dmitry M. Gitman ◽  
Vadim V. Dmitriev ◽  
Anatolii D. Panferov ◽  
Stanislav A. Smolyansky
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
General System ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Radiation ◽  
Quantized Electromagnetic Field

A number of physical processes that occur in a flat one-dimensional graphene structure under the action of strong time-dependent electric fields are considered. It is assumed that the Dirac model can be applied to the graphene as a subsystem of the general system under consideration, which includes an interaction with quantized electromagnetic field. The Dirac model itself in the external electromagnetic field (in particular, the behavior of charged carriers) is treated nonperturbatively with respect to this field within the framework of strong-field QED with unstable vacuum. This treatment is combined with a kinetic description of the radiation of photons from the electron-hole plasma created from the vacuum under the action of the electric field. An interaction with quantized electromagnetic field is described perturbatively. A significant development of the kinetic equation formalism is presented. A number of specific results are derived in the course of analytical and numerical study of the equations. We believe that some of predicted effects and properties of considered processes may be verified experimentally. Among these effects, it should be noted a characteristic spectral composition anisotropy of the quantum radiation and a possible presence of even harmonics of the external field in the latter radiation.

Physics-augmented deep learning for high-speed electromagnetic simulation and optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingkun Chen ◽  
Robert Lupoiu ◽  
Chenkai Mao ◽  
Der-Han Huang ◽  
Jiaqi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Nanostructure Arrays

Abstract The calculation of electromagnetic field distributions within structured media is central to the optimization and validation of photonic devices. We introduce WaveY-Net, a hybrid data- and physics-augmented convolutional neural network that can predict electromagnetic field distributions with ultra fast speeds and high accuracy for entire classes of dielectric photonic structures. This accuracy is achieved by training the neural network to learn only the magnetic near-field distributions of a system and to use a discrete formalism of Maxwell's equations in two ways: as physical constraints in the loss function and as a means to calculate the electric fields from the magnetic fields. As a model system, we construct a surrogate simulator for periodic silicon nanostructure arrays and show that the high speed simulator can be directly and effectively used in the local and global freeform optimization of metagratings. We anticipate that physics-augmented networks will serve as a viable Maxwell simulator replacement for many classes of photonic systems, transforming the way they are designed.

scholarly journals The Parietal Eye of Lizards (Pogona vitticeps) Needs Light at a Wavelength Lower than 580 nm to Activate Light-Dependent Magnetoreception

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps ◽  
Parietal Eye

In a previous study, the agamid lizard Pogona vitticeps was discovered to respond to an electromagnetic field (EMF) of extremely low frequency (6 and 8 Hz; peak magnetic and electric fields of 2.6 µT and 10 V/m, respectively). Furthermore, when the third eye of a lizard was covered, using a small round aluminum cap, the reaction to the EMF disappeared. These results suggested that the parietal eye has a role in light-dependent magnetoreception. However, the wavelength of light needed to activate light-dependent magnetoreception has not been identified and was thus explored in the present study. Lizards were randomly divided into control and EMF groups. In both groups, a small round light-absorbing filter was positioned on the back of the head of each lizard and blocked light of wavelengths lower than 580 nm. The EMF group was subjected to EMF exposure for half of the day, whereas the control group was not. No significant intergroup differences were discovered in the average ratio of the number of tail lifts on test days to the baseline value or average increase in the number of test-day tail lifts minus the baseline value (p = 0.41 and p = 0.67, respectively). Lizards with light-absorption filters that cut out light with wavelengths lower than 380 nm were found to respond to the EMF. Therefore, the lizards appeared to respond to light of certain wavelengths rather than the filters themselves. The results of these experiments suggest that light of wavelengths lower than 580 nm is required to activate light-dependent magnetoreception in the parietal eye of P. vitticeps.

Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown in Thin Intrinsic SiO2 Films

1995 ◽  
Vol 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Suehle ◽  
P. Chaparala
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTTime-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown studies were performed on 6.5-, 9-, 15-, 20-, and 22.5- nm thick SiO2 films over a wide range of stress temperatures and electric fields. Very high temperatures (400 °C) were used to accelerate breakdown so that stress tests could be performed at low electric fields close to those used for device operating conditions. The results indicate that the dependence of TDDB on electric field and temperature is different from that reported in earlier studies. Specifically, the electric-field-acceleration parameter is independent of temperature and the thermal activation energy was determined to be between 0.7 and 0.9 eV for stress fields below 7.0 MV/cm.Failure distributions of high-quality current-generation oxide films are shown to be of single mode and have dispersions that are not sensitive to stress electric field or temperature, unlike distributions observed for oxides examined in earlier studies. These results have implications on the choice of the correct physical model to describe TDDB in thin films. The data also demonstrate for the first time the reliability of silicon dioxide films at very high temperatures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document