Characterisation of Concentrated Colloidal Suspensions for Ceramic Processing

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Stewart ◽  
D Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Ceramic Processing ◽  
Particulate Solids ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Compressional Modulus ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTCharacterisation and control of the structure and properties of particulate solids suspensions is of widespread importance with respect to many operations, such as separation, dispersion and densification in the ceramics and related industries. In this paper we describe techniques which have been used to study the effects of changes in basic parameters, for example solids content, particle size, electrolyte concentration and added polymer on the aggregated suspension morphology and characteristics. Suspension morphology was examined by a number of methods, notably freeze-etch microscopy. The mechanical properties of suspensions such as their compressional modulus and rheological behaviour was also examined.

System Analysis and Control of the Influence of a Mixed Type of Chemical Bond in Substances and Materials on their Structure and Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
O.S. Sirotkin ◽  
R.O. Sirotkin ◽  
M.Yu. Perukhin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Bond ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Computer Programme ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Bond Type ◽  
And Control

Nowadays, a lot of information on structure and properties of a wide variety of substances and materials has been accumulated. Yet, there is a lack of systemic universal approaches to assessing their structure and properties, including developing the effective approaches for monitoring and analysing various materials. It is of special interest in this respect to assess the effects of the chemical bond type on structure and properties of substances and materials. However, searching for necessary data on the effects of chemical bonds on structure of substances and materials is a rather laborious process. The authors, relying on the intermediate nature of chemical bonds of compounds of elements in any metallic and non-metallic material, as well as the system of chemical bonds and compounds developed by them in the form of a “Chemical Triangle”, produced an algorithm for creating a computer programme. It implies systematising of the database on the effect of chemical bond type on its length and energy, structure and various physicochemical and mechanical properties of homo-and heteronuclear compounds and materials. Development of such a specialised computer programme greatly simplifies this process, providing more efficient analysis and control of materials.

scholarly journals Modelling the rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified  lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) juice concentrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 456-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Manjunatha ◽  
P.S. Raju ◽  
A.S. Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Soluble Solid ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Solids Content

The rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified Lime (Citrus aurontifolia L.) juice was studied as a function of the total soluble solid (TSS) content (7.3&ndash;55.7&deg;Brix), corresponding water activity (a<sub>w</sub>) (0.985&ndash;0.831) at different temperatures (20&ndash;80<sup>o</sup>C) using co-axial controlled stress rheometer. The rheological parameter shear stress was measured up to the shear rate of 600 s<sup>&ndash;1</sup>. The investigation showed that the enzyme clarified lime juice and its concentrate behaved like a Newtonian fluid with the viscosity (&eta;) being in the range 3.964 to 50.290 mPa s depending upon the concentration and temperature used. The temperature dependency on the viscosity of lime juice was described by Arrhenius equation (r &gt; 0.99) and the activation energy (E<sub>a</sub>) of viscous flow was in the range 4.151 to 26.050 kJ/mol depending upon the total soluble solids content. The effect of total soluble solid content on the flow activation energy was described by exponential type equation (r &gt; 0.98) and that of water activity was described by both the power law and exponential equations (r &gt; 0.99). The effect of total soluble solid content on the viscosity of lime juice followed the second order exponential equation (r &gt; 0.99) at the temperature used. The effect of water activity on the viscosity was described by both the power law and exponential type relationship (r &gt; 0.97). The equations relating to the combined effect of temperature and total soluble solids content/water activity on the viscosity of enzyme clarified lime juice were established. &nbsp;

Electric birefringence for monitoring size changes in clay suspensions

Clay Minerals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Hinds ◽  
P. J. Ridler ◽  
B. R. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Pulsed Fields ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe growth and decay rates of rapid, induced electro-optical phenomena in dilute colloidal suspensions are characteristic of the geometry of the solute particles. The speed of measurement renders such methods especially relevant for fast, in situ analyses of the size and size distribution of colloids in practical, industrial situations where these properties may be undergoing continuous change. The principles of the measurement of electrically induced birefringence using pulsed fields is outlined and used to study vermiculite suspensions as they undergo size reduction in an ultrasonic field. The high sensitivity of the method to both the particle size range and the form of the distribution function is indicated. The use of the method for on-line monitoring of dilute mineral suspensions for the indication and control of aggregated, dissolving or growing media is discussed.

scholarly journals Mathematical models for prediction of rheological parameters in vinasses derived from sugar cane

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Leidy M. Chacua ◽  
Germán Ayala ◽  
Hernán Rojas ◽  
Ana C. Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Arrhenius Model ◽  
Consistency Coefficient ◽  
Flow Behaviour Index ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Behaviour Index

AbstractThe rheological behaviour of vinasses derived from sugar cane was studied as a function of time (0 and 600 s), soluble solids content (44 and 60 °Brix), temperature (10 and 50°C), and shear rate (0.33 and 1.0 s−1). The results indicated that vinasses were time-independent at 25°C, where shear stress values ranged between 0.01 and 0.08 Pa. Flow curves showed a shear-thinning rheological behaviour in vinasses with a flow behaviour index between 0.69 and 0.89, for temperature between 10 and 20°C. With increasing temperature, the flow behaviour index was modified, reaching values close to 1.0. The Arrhenius model described well the thermal activation of shear stress and the consistency coefficient as a function of temperature. Activation energy from the Arrhenius model ranged between 31 and 45 kJ mol−1. Finally, the consistency coefficient as a function of the soluble solids content and temperature was well fitted using an exponential model (R2= 0.951), showing that the soluble solids content and temperature have an opposite effect on consistency coefficient values.

scholarly journals Effects of the upper respiratory tract cross-section on the vertical and sagittal dimension and the facial axis according to Ricketts

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
Anna Duda ◽  
Wojciech Stós ◽  
Magdalena Wiosna
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anterior Angle

This study assesses the effects of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal and abnormal breathing route on basic parameters of the morphology of the facial skeleton. <b>Aim.</b> Comparison of skeletal parameters determining vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML, NL/ML), sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions and type of facial rotation (the angle of the facial axis according to Ricketts) in the study and control groups and determination of the threshold value (a cut-off point) of width according to Holmberg, at which there is a deviation from the average values of basic parameters of morphology of the facial skeleton. <b>Material and methods.</b> The study included 221 patients treated at an orthodontic clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The width of the upper respiratory tract was measured using the modified Holmberg method and parameters assessing the vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions, as well as the anterior angle of the Ricketts’ axis were measured using the analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms of the head. <b>Results.</b> All compared skeletal parameters indicated significant statistical differences between the study and control group. These differences were: Ricketts’ angle 6.5°, SNL/ML 8.5°, NL/ML 9.7°, SNA 2.4°, SNB 1.4°. <b>Conclusions.</b> The width of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid significantly affects values of skeletal parameters evaluating the vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions and the type of rotation of the facial axis. There is a correlation between a gradual decrease in the airway dimension according to Holmberg and an increase in the vertical dimension (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and anterior angle of the Ricketts’ facial axis (posterior rotation of the mandible) and a decrease in the sagittal dimension (SNA, SNB).

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Based Preservatives on Shelf Life and Quality of Mango Fruits (Mangifera indica) During Storage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Augustin Schinzoumka Passannet ◽  
Jean Aghofack-Nguemezi ◽  
Donatien Gatsing
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
And Control

Mango is one of the main fruits grown in Chad. However, it is prone to high post-harvest losses due to lack of adequate distribution networks, appropriate harvesting and conservation methods. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of coatings based on extracts of Allium sativum (garlic), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Spirulina platensis (spirulina) on their conservation. Shelf life, weight loss, firmness, pH and total soluble solids content of mangoes were evaluated. The coated mangoes had excellent brillance compared to control mangoes. The coatings based on the extracts of A. sativum, S. platensis and Z. officinale increased respectively the means shelf life of mangoes to 18, 19 and 24 days. Weight losses were 21% for control mangoes while they were 13% for mangoes coated using mixture containing extracts of A. sativum and S. platensis and 11% for mangoes coated with Z. officinale. Coatings based on extracts of Z. officinale and S. platensis had statistically comparable effects on the firmness of mangoes but significantly higher than those of A. sativum extracts and controls after the 10th day. pH values and total soluble solids content (TSSC) values of control mangoes were significantly higher than those of coated mangoes. On day 10 after treatment, chlorophylls were absent from the peel of control mangoes whereas they were still present in the peel of coated mangoes. The mangoes coated with extract of Z. officinale reached a shelf life of 24 days. This shelf life was significantly higher than that of mangoes coated with other types of extracts and control mangoes. The coating with Z. officinale extract slowed considerably the ripening of mangoes. It can be recommended for conservation of mangoes in fresh.

Hydro-mechanical systems of stationary and mobile technological machines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Валентин Сидоренко ◽  
Valentin Sidorenko ◽  
Максим Полешкин ◽  
Maksim Poleshkin ◽  
Владимир Антоненко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Motors ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
And Control

The tutorial discusses the basics of building hydro-mechanical systems, the composition of their components, the functional description, the element base, the methods for calculating the basic parameters and the determination of the characteristics of the elements of hydraulic systems. The study of circuit solutions of process equipment requires knowledge of the principles of operation of individual elements of the hydraulic drive: power sources, hydraulic motors, control, guide and control equipment, auxiliary devices. Presented hydroficated mobile and stationary technological equipment, allows for the example of real-life facilities to consolidate knowledge of the synthesis and analysis of hydro-mechanical systems.

scholarly journals Forecast and Control of Structure and Properties of Ultra-Low-Carbon Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-768
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Koval ◽  
◽  
V. Z. Kutsova ◽  
T. V. Kotova ◽  
M. A. Kovzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Using Simulation for Development of The Systems of Automobile Gas Diesel Engine and its Operation Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.28) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Shatrov ◽  
Vladimir V. Sinyavski ◽  
Andrey Yu. Dunin ◽  
Ivan G. Shishlov ◽  
Andrey V. Vakulenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Cr System ◽  
And Control

The work was aimed at the development of gas supply, diesel fuel supply and electronic control systems for automobile gas diesel engines. Different ways of diesel engine conversion to operate on natural gas were analyzed. Gas diesel process with minimized ignition portion of diesel fuel injected by the CR system was selected. Electronic engine control and modular gas feed systems which can be used on high- and middle-speed gas diesel engines were developed. Diesel CR fuel supply system was developed in cooperation with the industrial partner. Simulation was used to obtain basic parameters and control methods of these systems. The base diesel engine was converted into gas diesel engine using the systems developed. Bench tests of the gas diesel engine demonstrated a high share of diesel fuel substitution with gas, high fuel efficiency and large decrease of NOх and СО2 emissions. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Laurat dan Glisin terhadap Nilai Warna dan Kadar Sitrinin Angkak

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Susana Ristiarini ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto ◽  
Jaka Widada ◽  
Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Cells

Angkak, commonly used for food colorant and flavor enhancers in oriental cuisine, is the result of fermentation by Monascus purpureus on steamed rice. In addition to producing pigments Monascus purpureus, Angkak also produces mycotoxins, citrinin, which is hepato-nephrotoxic. Biosynthesis of pigment and citrinin is following a polyketide synthase pathway and then subdivides to form pigment or citrinin. Fatty acids and amino acids are known to be the precursors of red pigment formers in their biosynthetic pathways. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of addition of lauric fatty acid and amino acid glycine on steamed rice substrate to the color characteristic and citrinin level by M. purpureus JK9A. The amount of fatty acid and glycine was respectively 0.5% and 1% (w/w). Fermentation was carried out for 14 days and every two days the solids content of fermented products, pH, number of cells, colors, pigments dissolved in water were measured. The level of citrinin was tested at the end of the fermentation period (14th day). There was no significant difference between treatments for the solids content of about 23  ̶  29% and the number of cells 6.32  ̶  6.56 logCFU/g. While the pH value, color and water-soluble pigments were significantly different between treatment and control. The ˚hue values of glycine and combination of lauric-glycine were 16.11 and 15.33, respectively, lower than controls (22.76). The highest A500nm/A400nm ratio was in the combination treatment of lauric-glycine and the lowest levels of citrinin also in the treatment of lauric-glycine combination. This study noticed that the addition of lauric or glycine and its combination in rice media for Monascus purpureus JK9A fermentation proved to increase the biosynthesis of red pigment (46.34%) and decrease citrinin level up to 49.97%.

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