Effect of Elastic Stress on Phase Selection in a Binary System

1993 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Youl Huh ◽  
William C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Elastic Stress ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Coherent Systems ◽  
Phase Selection ◽  
System A ◽  
Epitaxial Strain

ABSTRACTElastic stress arising from differences in lattice parameters between phases is known to alter both qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics of phase equilibria in coherent systems. One important consequence of misfit or epitaxial strain is the possible existence of several linearly stable equilibrium states: For a given composition, temperature and applied stress, different combinations of volume fraction and corresponding phase compositions render the free energy of the system a minimum. Here, we examine how epitaxial stresses influence phase equilibria in a binary alloy when the system can select from three different phases. In particular, we show the existence of several equilibrium states with different combinations of phases that minimize the system free energy.

scholarly journals Metastable and stable equilibrium states of stellar electron-nuclear plasmas

2005 ◽  
Vol 336 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ferro ◽  
A. Lavagno ◽  
P. Quarati
Keyword(s):  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium States

On the Existence of Multiple Equilibrium States in Strained-Layer Superlattices

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Multiple Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Relative Thickness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Strained Layer ◽  
Strained Layer Superlattice ◽  
Strained Layer Superlattices

ABSTRACTUsing recent results from the thermodynamics of stressed solids, two-phase coexistence in a simple binary strained-layer superlattice is examined. We show that for a given temperature and overall composition of the superlattice, there can exist more than one linearly stable, equilibrium thermodynamic state. That is, there may exist several combinations of relative thickness of the phases and corresponding phase compositions that minimize the free energy of the system. The equilibrium state observed experimentally can, therefore, be influenced by the processing path.

Heteroepitaxial Layer Morphology and Misfit Defect Formation

1995 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Misfit Dislocation ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Elastic Stress ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Misfit Strain ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Dislocation Source ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Layers

ABSTRACTThe manner in which misfit strain can influence the morphology of heteroepitaxial layers is reviewed. Following a brief consideration of theoretical modelling, examples of experimental observations for two important materials systems, SiGe/Si and InGaAs/GaAs, are given. It is demonstrated that the formation of undulations of specific types is driven by partial elastic stress-relief and a lowering of the system free energy. Under these conditions, islands of deposit can be formed during initial growth and ripples can be produced upon continuous layers. Furthermore, the presence of surface morphological distortions and the accompanying strain fluctuations also can have a significant impact upon misfit dislocation introduction. Relationships between these fluctuations and dislocation source behaviour are described.

scholarly journals Conductivity Study of DTAB in Water and Ethanol-Water Mixture in the Presence and Absence of ZnSO4

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Sangita Acharya ◽  
Tulasi Niraula ◽  
Ajaya Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Degree Of Dissociation ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Free Energy Of Micellization

The physicochemical behaviour of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in water and ethanol-water mixture in the presence and absence of ZnSO4 were studied by measuring the conductivity at 298.15 K. The pre-micellar (S1) and post-micellar slopes (S2) were obtained and calculated the degree of dissociation (α) and the critical micelle concentration (cmc). With an increase in ethanol content, the cmc and α of DTAB increased whereas, in the presence of ZnSO4, the cmc and α decreased. By using cmc and α, thermodynamic properties as the standard free energy of micellization ( ) were evaluated. With an increase in ethanol content, the negative values of  are decreased indicating less spontaneous in the micellization which makes micellization less favourable. The correlation of the pre-micellar and post-micellar slopes with the volume fraction of ethanol were discussed. DTAB micellization was tested in contexts of specific solvent parameters and solvophobic parameter.

scholarly journals Duality and hidden equilibrium in transport models

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouven Frassek ◽  
Cristian Giardina ◽  
Jorge Kurchan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A large family of diffusive models of transport that have been considered in the past years admit a transformation into the same model in contact with an equilibrium bath. This mapping holds at the full dynamical level, and is independent of dimension or topology. It provides a good opportunity to discuss questions of time reversal in out of equilibrium contexts. In particular, thanks to the mapping one may define the free energy in the non-equilibrium states very naturally as the (usual) free energy of the mapped system.

What is Diffusion?

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Gyftopoulos ◽  
M. I. Flik ◽  
G. P. Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Diffusion Interaction ◽  
Energy Entropy ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Interacting Systems ◽  
Pass Through

In earlier publications, heat Q← is defined as an interaction that is entirely distinguishable from work W→. The energy exchanged Q← is TQ times the entropy exchanged S←, where TQ is the almost common temperature of the interacting systems. Here, we define diffusion as another interaction that is entirely distinguishable from both work and heat, and that involves exchanges of energy, entropy, and amount of a constituent. It is an interaction between two systems A and B that pass through stable equilibrium states while their respective parameters remain fixed, and that have almost equal temperatures TA ≈ TB ≈ TD and almost equal total potentials μA ≈ μB ≈ μD of the diffusing constituent. The exchanges of entropy S→, energy E→, and amount of constituent n→ out of one system satisfy the relation S→ = (E→ −μDn→)/TD. In the limit of n→ = 0, a diffusion interaction becomes heat.

scholarly journals Component importance in coherent systems with exchangeable components

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Importance Measure ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Coherent Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
Component Importance

This paper is concerned with the Birnbaum importance measure of a component in a binary coherent system. A representation for the Birnbaum importance of a component is obtained when the system consists of exchangeable dependent components. The results are closely related to the concept of the signature of a coherent system. Some examples are presented to illustrate the results.

Phase equilibria of the La-Y system: A metastable samarium-type LaY intermetallic compound

2018 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Huiming Chen ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Hang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
System A

The Hebridean Igneous Province plumbing system: A phase equilibria perspective

Lithos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 348-349 ◽  
pp. 105194
Author(s):  
Gautier Nicoli ◽  
Simon Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
System A ◽  
Igneous Province
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