Characterisation of Hydrolysed Alkoxysilanes and Zirconiumalkoxides for the Development of UV-Curable Scratch Resistant Coatings

1992 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Greiwe ◽  
W. Glaubitt ◽  
S. Amberg-Schwab ◽  
K. Piana
Keyword(s):  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Polymeric Species ◽  
Gel Processing

ABSTRACTThe development of a new scratch resistant UV-curable coating system is described. The material can be applied to optical data discs by spin coating. The coating shows superior adhesion even without priming and good weathering performance especially on polycarbonate.The material is prepared from Zr(OPr)4 and 3-Methacryloxi-propyltrialkoxysilanes via sol-gel processing. Complexation of Zr(OPr)4 with methacrylic acid yields complexes which can be copolymlrized with the prehydrolyzed silane. The hydrolysis and self-condensation of the trialkoxysilanes were studied under different conditions. The consumption of water was studied by Karl-Fischer titration and the formation of oligomeric and polymeric species by GPC-measurements.

A Molecular Route to Dip-coated Transition Metal Nitride Thin Films.

2004 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Jackson ◽  
Andrew L. Hector
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Transition Metal Nitride ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Gel Processing

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing interest in sol-gel synthesis of nitrides. The ability to deposit films of these materials by dip- or spin-coating will increase the range of applications in which they are viable and is an important step toward general sol-gel processing of nitride materials.With transition metals, the ammono based analogue of the well established alkoxy route to gels is inherently difficult to control. Due to the basicity of the system, the overwhelming tendency is of the starting materials to favour particle growth which results in a precipitate rather than a stable emulsion, unless both environment and synthetic pathway are carefully controlled. Hence reports to date of sol-gel routes to nitrides describe production of powders. We report work on a sol-gel route to titanium nitride with the ammonolysis of titanium amides controlled by temperature and chemical moderators, resulting in stable emulsions useful for dip-coating.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic silica thin films by sol-gel processing and spin coating technique at low temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda Abu Bakar ◽  
Karim Deraman ◽  
R. Hussin ◽  
W. Nurulhuda W. Shamsuri ◽  
Faizal Mansor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Spin Coating Technique ◽  
Coating Technique ◽  
Hydrophobic Silica ◽  
Silica Thin Films ◽  
Gel Processing

Hydrophobic silica thin films were prepared by sol-gel processing and self-assembly by chemical vapor reaction with Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) at low temperature. The sols were divided into Sol A with ethanol, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water (H2O) while Sol B were contain precursor of silica Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolyze with ethanol which was stirred for 15 minutes. HCl was added into the mixture and stirred for another 10 minutes. After deposition on 1 x 1 cm corning glass using spin coating technique (two-step timer), the films were heated at 60˚C for 10 minutes and finally annealed at 150°C for 1 hour. The films were characterized by using Rudolph/Auto EL Ellipsometer, Shimadzu Spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The results showed that the films thickness and refractive index were in the range of 105.2 to 112.4 nm and 1.35 to 1.38, respectively. The films were transmitted 70-80% of light (in visible range) with various bondings of C-H, Si-O-Si, Si-C and Si-OH. Surface roughness of the films was increased from 30.6 nm (silica thin film) to 140.5 nm (hydrophobic silica thin films) after modification have been done on the films by using TMCS (heated at 40˚C). It was found that the water contact angles increased when time of reaction increased from 109° to 124°.

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Sol–Gel Materials For Optical Waveguide Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sharmi Abdullah ◽  
Amirjan Nawabjan ◽  
Norazan Mohd Kassim ◽  
Mohd Haniff Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamad Zahid Abdul Malek
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguide ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Quartz Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Gel Processing ◽  
Butt Coupling

Pandu gelombang optik jalur berasaskan bahan–bahan sol–gel organik–bukan organic (hybrid) direka, disimulasi dan dibentuk. Bahan–bahan sol–gel hybrid tersebut disediakan daripada vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) dan tetrabutoxytitanate (TTBu) malalui kaedah pemprosesan sol–gel. Pandu gelombang optik tersebut telah dibentuk di atas lapisan quartz menggunakan kaedah penyalutan berputar, lithografi langsung, dan goresan kimia basah. Beberapa lapisan sol telah dibentuk demi mendapatkan struktur pandu gelombang dengan ketebalan yang sesuai untuk laluan mod cahaya sebagaimana diperolehi daripada simulasi. Kebolehan pandu gelombang untuk memandu cahaya pada panjang gelombang 1550 nm telah dicirikan mengunakan kaedah direct end–face fiber butt–coupling. Struktur fizikal pandu gelombang tersebut telah diperhatikan melalui mikroskop berkuasa tinggi. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa bahan yang dicadangkan boleh digunakan dalam aplikasi pemanduan gelombang optik pada panjang gelombang 1550 nm. Simulasi menunjukkan bahawa pandu gelombang jalur satu mod dapat direalisasikan jika ketebalan dan kelebaran pandu gelombang tersebut berada pada suatu julat nilai tertentu. Julat nilai tersebut dapat diperolehi melalui pengawalan parameter–parameter penyalutan berputar dan pembentukan mikro. Kualiti keratan rentas yang baik juga diperhatikan telah diperolehi melalui kaedah pembelahan semulajadi. Kata kunci: Pemprosesan sol–gel; bahan organik–bukan organic; pandu gelombang jalur Ridge optical waveguides based on organic–inorganic (hybrid) sol–gel materials were designed, simulated and fabricated. The hybrid sol–gel materials were synthesized from vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetrabutoxytitanate (TTBu) precursors by means of sol–gel processing technique. The optical waveguides were fabricated on quartz substrate using spin coating, direct photolithography, and wet chemical etching techniques. Multiple layers of sol were deposited so as to obtain waveguide structure with suitable thickness for mode propagation such as acquired from the simulation. Waveguiding ability of the ridge optical waveguides at 1550 nm wavelength was characterized using direct end–face fiber butt–coupling method. Physical structure of the waveguides was observed through high power microscope. Observation showed that the proposed material possesses the ability for waveguiding application at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Simulation showed that a single mode ridge optical waveguide could be realized provided that the structure thickness and width are within certain range. The range is attainable through proper control of spin coating and micropatterning parameters. Acceptable end–face quality resulted from natural cleaving process was also discovered. Key words: Sol–gel processing; organic–inorganic material; ridge optical waveguide

scholarly journals Design and implementation of a feedback programmable spin coating system

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kadhim ◽  
Salah M. Swadi ◽  
Ghusoon M Ali
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spinning Speed ◽  
Interactive User ◽  
Interactive User Interface

In this work, a speed controlled, the programmable, low-cost, high-efficiency spin coating system is designed and implemented. The system is built from commercially available hard disk drivers DC motor, vacuum pump, speed sensor, brushless driver circuit carries Toshiba's TB6575FNG IC, PIC18F47J53 Microcontroller and using the interactive user interface to communicate with a user. Three different voltage stages and pulse width modulation techniques were used to guarantee accurate spinning speed and time. This system provides a wide range of precise and stable multi-step speeds rang of 1500 to 8,000 rpm. To evaluate the implemented system, ZnO thin films have been deposited by the sol-gel method on a glass substrate. Homogenous and uniform thickness films were obtained. The outstanding features of this system are the stability, accuracy, low energy consumption and durability, and the simplicity of adjusting multi-step spinning speed and time by using the interactive user interface.

Properties of Pzt Thin Films with 2CdO·B2O3 Glass Phase Additive

1991 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith G. Brooks ◽  
Jiayu Chen ◽  
K. R. Udayakumar ◽  
L. Eric Cross
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Glass Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Pzt Thin Films ◽  
Gel Processing ◽  
Hysteresis Properties

AbstractLead zirconate titanate thin films containing 0-4 wt.% of 2CdO·B2O3 glass phase additive have been fabricated by sol-gel processing. Smooth dense perovskite films of approximately 3500Å thickness were formed on Si wafers by a multiple layer spin coating process followed by rapid thermal annealing. Remanent polarizations of up to 23μC/cm2 were measured. Hysteresis properties were found to be very sensitive to annealing time at 700°C, with remanence being maximized at 100-200 seconds.

scholarly journals Sol-Gel Processing of Bismuth Germanate Thin-Films

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Mihail Secu ◽  
Corina Elisabeta Secu ◽  
Teddy Tite ◽  
Silviu Polosan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Bismuth Germanate ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Gel Processing

This study aims to obtain uniform and homogeneous bismuth germanate oxides thin films by spin coating and using the sol-gel technique with different precursors, followed by low-temperature annealing at 560 °C. By using Bi(NO3)3 precursors, we have obtained transparent, yellowish thin films with a 200 nm thickness. The structural analysis of the initial sol-gel powder has shown the presence of two crystalline structures, the cubic Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) and monoclinic Bi2GeO5 crystallites, which evolves towards the BGO structure after annealing. The elemental analysis confirmed the composition of the desired compound Bi4Ge3O12 with 60 wt % GeO2 and 40 wt % Bi2O5. On the other hand, by changing the precursor to (Bi(CH3COO)2, the film thickness increased to 500 nm thicker due to the high viscosity of the sol, and a dominant monoclinic Bi2GeO5 crystalline structure appeared. The elemental analysis revealed a nonstoichiometric composition with 38 wt % GeO2 and 62 wt % Bi2O3. Due to the low GeO2 phase content that reacted with metastable Bi2GeO5, we obtained cubic Bi4Ge3O12 as a secondary phase, with Bi2GeO5 as a dominant crystalline phase. The redshifts of both absorptions and emissions spectra peaks confirmed a different disorder structure as an interplay between the cubic Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) and monoclinic Bi2GeO5 phases.

$$\hbox {V}_2\hbox {O}_5$$ V 2 O 5 Thin Films Deposited by Sol–Gel and Indigenously Developed Spin Coating System

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Matthe-ur-Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Alamgir ◽  
M. Zubair Khan ◽  
R. Hammad Ahmed ◽  
Humira Razzaq
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Coating System

UV Curable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Way Jang ◽  
Ren-Jye Wu ◽  
Yuung-Ching Sheen ◽  
Ya-Hui Lin ◽  
Chi-Jung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation Temperature

This work successfully prepared an UV curable organic-inorganic hybrid material consisting of organic modified colloidal silica. Applications of UV curable organic-inorganic hybrid materials include abrasion resistant coatings, photo-patternable thin films and waveguides. Colloidal silica containing reactive functional groups were also prepared by reacting organic silane and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using sol-gel process. In addition, the efficiency of grafting organic moiety onto silica nanoparticles was investigated by applying TGA and FTIR techniques. Experimental results indicated a strong interdependence between surface modification efficiency and solution pH. Acrylate-SiO2 hybrid formation could result in a shifting of thermal degradation temperature of organic component from about 200°C to near 400°C. In addition, the stability of organic modified colloidal silica in UV curable formula and the physical properties of resulting coatings were discussed. Furthermore, the morphology of organic modified colloidal silica was investigated by performing TEM and SEM studies‥

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