Effects of Several Ingredient Variables on Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber-Polyolefin Composites Blended in a Thermokinetic Mixer

1992 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gonzalez ◽  
C. M. Clemons ◽  
G. E. Myers ◽  
T. M. Harten
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Equivalent Strength ◽  
Fibrous Fillers

AbstractWe examined the influence of several variables on the mechanical properties of wood fiber-polyolefin composites blended in a thermokinetic mixer. A pure cellulose fiber and fibers from old newspaper provided similar performance in matrices of virgin polypropylene or recycled milk bottles (high density polyethylene). Relative to wood flour, these fibrous fillers led to greater strength and modulus with both plastics, to lower impact energy with polyethylene, and to similar impact energy with polypropylene. Compared with the existing commercial wood flour-polypropylene system, the totally recycled polyethylene-newspaper composite provided equivalent strength and modulus, along with greater notched impact energy. Little difference was seen in composites containing a maleated polypropylene additive in the form of the solid anhydride or the emulsified potassium salt, indicating that the additive acted as a dispersing agent and not as a strong coupling agent.

Influence of EVA Content on the Properties of Extrusion Molding WPCS

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1378-1382
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Hu ◽  
Dong Fang Li ◽  
Ji Hang Hu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Scanning Electron

EVA was tried to improve the compatibility between wood flour and plastics substrate as a new kind of coupling agent. Infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was applied to examine the changes in surface groups. The influence of the EVA content on the mechanical properties of WPCs was investigated and the morphologies of fractured surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy shows that the EVA reduced the polarity of the wood flour. When the content of EVA is increased the mechanical properties of WPCs also increased. The SEM showed that EVA can help improve the interface compatibility between the fiber and plastic by aiding in the bonding of more plastic to the wood fiber. The comprehensive performance of the WPCs reached its maximum potential when the EVA level was at 15%.

scholarly journals Investigation of Wood Flour Size, Aspect Ratios, and Injection Molding Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour/Polyethylene Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3406
Author(s):  
Mohammad E. Golmakani ◽  
Tomasz Wiczenbach ◽  
Mohammad Malikan ◽  
Reza Aliakbari ◽  
Victor A. Eremeyev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Molding Temperature ◽  
Aspect Ratios

In the present research, wood flour reinforced polyethylene polymer composites with a coupling agent were prepared by injection molding. The effects of wood flour size, aspect ratios, and mold injection temperature on the composites’ mechanical properties were investigated. For the preparation of the polymer composites, five different formulations were created. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and the modulus, flexural strength and the modulus, and impact energy were measured. To investigate the changes in the properties resulting from different compositions, mechanical static and impact testing was performed. The obtained results indicate that by reducing the flour size, the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength, and impact energy were reduced. In contrast, the flexural modulus increased. Furthermore, with the increment of injection molding temperature, the tensile strength and the modulus and the impact energy of the specimens were reduced. On the other hand, the flexural strength and the modulus increased. Thus, an optimized amount of injection molding temperature can provide improvements in the mechanical properties of the composite.

Fabrication and Properties of Absolutely Recycled Plastic Wood Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Cui ◽  
Stephen Lee ◽  
Bahman Noruziaan ◽  
Moe M.S. Cheung ◽  
Jie Tao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Wood Composites

In this study, the absolutely recycled plastic wood (ARCPW) was fabricated with post-consumer high density polyethylene (HDPE) and wood flour from the saw mills. The alkaline, silane and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) were used as modifiers to treat wood fiber and improve the interfacial adhesion of ARCPW. Effects of wood fiber length, weight fraction and surface treatment on the mechanical properties of ARCPW were investigated. The flexural fracture surfaces of ARCPW were examined and the fracture mechanism of ARCPW was also analyzed in this paper. The results indicated that ARCPW with wood fiber simultaneously treated by alkaline, silane and MAPP possesses the best mechanical properties. The higher the content of wood fiber, the better the flexural strength of ARPCW. The interfacial adhesion of prepared ARCPW is ideal and a good compatibility between wood fiber and matrix was obtained.

Extruded Wood-Flour Polypropylene Composites: Effect of a Maleated Polypropylene Coupling Agent on Filler-Matrix Bonding and Properties

1990 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Myers ◽  
Paul C. Kolosick ◽  
Ichwan S. Chahyadi ◽  
Camden A. Coberly ◽  
James A. Koutsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Bonding Area ◽  
Peel Force ◽  
Full Factorial

ABSTRACTFull factorial studies were conducted to determine the effects of a coupling agent (a low molecular weight maleated polypropylene (MAPP)) and other composition and processing variables on the mechanical properties of a wood-flour-filled polypropylene (PP) composite. Effects of MAPP on the bonding between PP and wood veneer were also examined. At less than 1 percent by weight, MAPP produced useful increases in strength and modulus properties of the composite, and this effect was somewhat enhanced by small-particle-size wood flour and multiple extrusions. However, MAPP caused small losses in notched impact energy. High extrusion temperature (190°C to 250°C) had little influence on strength, but it decreased notched impact energy. Peel force between PP and wood veneer was increased by pretreatment with MAPP for aspen, but not for birch, aspen being more porous than birch. The effectiveness of MAPP may therefore be related to its ability to penetrate the wood and form a strongly held hydrophobic layer that is attractive to the PP, thereby increasing both the effective bonding area and mechanical interlocking.

scholarly journals Correlation between Mechanical Properties and Processing Conditions in Rubber-Toughened Wood Polymer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mazzanti ◽  
Lorenzo Malagutti ◽  
Andrea Santoni ◽  
Francesca Sbardella ◽  
Andrea Calzolari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
The Cost

The use of wood fibers is a deeply investigated topic in current scientific research and one of their most common applications is as filler for thermoplastic polymers. The resulting material is a biocomposite, known as a Wood Polymer Composite (WPC). For increasing the sustainability and reducing the cost, it is convenient to increase the wood fiber content as much as possible, so that the polymeric fraction within the composite is thereby reduced. On the other hand, this is often thwarted by a sharp decrease in toughness and processability—a disadvantage that could be overcome by compounding the material with a toughening agent. This work deals with the mechanical properties in tension and impact of polypropylene filled with 50 wt.% wood flour, toughened with different amounts (0%, 10%, and 20%) of a polypropylene-based thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV). Such properties are also investigated as a function of extrusion processing variables, such as the feeding mode (i.e., starve vs. flood feeding) and screw speed. It is found that the mechanical properties do depend on the processing conditions: the best properties are obtained either in starve feeding conditions, or in flood feeding conditions, but at a low screw speed. The toughening effect of TPV is significant when its content reaches 20 wt.%. For this percentage, the processing conditions are less relevant in governing the final properties of the composites in terms of the stiffness and strength.

SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
K. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

Comparing fast inductive tempering and conventional tempering: Effects on microstructure and mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Eggbauer Vieweg ◽  
Gerald Ressel ◽  
Peter Raninger ◽  
Petri Prevedel ◽  
Stefan Marsoner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
High Heating Rate ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Tempering Treatment ◽  
Carbide Distribution

Induction heating processes are of rising interest within the heat treating industry. Using inductive tempering, a lot of production time can be saved compared to a conventional tempering treatment. However, it is not completely understood how fast inductive processes influence the quenched and tempered microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to highlight differences between inductive and conventional tempering processes and to suggest a possible processing route which results in optimized microstructures, as well as desirable mechanical properties. Therefore, the present work evaluates the influencing factors of high heating rates to tempering temperatures on the microstructure as well as hardness and Charpy impact energy. To this end, after quenching a 50CrMo4 steel three different induction tempering processes are carried out and the resulting properties are subsequently compared to a conventional tempering process. The results indicate that notch impact energy raises with increasing heating rates to tempering when realizing the same hardness of the samples. The positive effect of high heating rate on toughness is traced back to smaller carbide sizes, as well as smaller carbide spacing and more uniform carbide distribution over the sample.

Effect of Filler Dispersion on Tensile Strength and Tearing Energy of Natural Rubber (NR) Latex Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Jarkasi ◽  
Dzaraini Kamarun ◽  
Azemi Samsuri ◽  
Amir Hashim Md Yatim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Tearing Energy

Fillers play important roles in enhancing mechanical properties of NR latex films. The effect of filler dispersion and amount of dispersing agent to the tensile strength and tearing energy of NR latex films were investigated in this study. The studies were carried out by (i) varying the amount of dispersing agent (Anchoid) added which is an anionic surfactant; and (ii) varying the speed of stirring during mixing of latex with compounding ingredients. It was observed that tensile strength and tearing energy were affected by both factors listed. In the case of NR latex film filled with 10 pphr of carbon black (Super Abrasion Furnace, SAF), the optimum stirring speed was 400 rpm and the optimum amount of surfactant was in the range of 5 to 10 % by weight. High tensile strength ranging from 29 - 31 MPa and high tearing energies ranging from 90.6 - 111.0 kJ/m2were achieved from optimization of these two factors; rendering their importance.

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