scholarly journals The Microindentation Behavior of Several Mollusk Shells

1989 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Laraia ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Mollusk Shells ◽  
Lamellar Structures ◽  
System Of Cracks ◽  
Relative Hardness ◽  
Scratch Tests ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indentation Damage

AbstractAn investigation of the relationship between structure and mechanical behavior is reported for mollusk shells employing foliated, nacreous, and crossed-lamellar structures by microindentation in the Knoop and Vickers geometries. Indentation damage zones develop crack systems that reflect the micro-architecture. For the crossed-lamellar structure, the system of cracks about the indentation normally developed in a brittle material is suppressed. Previous reports that shells are harder than the corresponding minerals, calcite and aragonite, are confirmed, but it is found that this effect can be strongly dependent on orientation. This anomalous hardness is not an artifact of the identation test technique, since scratch tests confirm the relative hardness of shell over the mineral. It is suggested that microstructural organization is of central importance in producing this hardness, as opposed to intrinsic properties of the mineral or matrix phases.

Theoretical Approaches to the Functions of Indefinite Pronouns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This chapter focuses on various theoretical approaches to the semantic and syntactic functions of indefinite pronouns. It begins with a discussion of structuralist semantics, which suggests that language is a system whose parts must be defined and described on the basis of their place in the system and their relation to each other, rather than on the basis of their own intrinsic properties. It then considers some of the problems associated with structuralist semantics, including the unclear status of the semantic features; significant overlap of the functions of grammatical items in many areas, including indefinite pronouns; and structuralist semantics makes wrong predictions about semantic change. The chapter proceeds by analysing logical semantics and the issues raised by this approach, along with syntactic approaches, the theory of mental spaces, pragmatic scales and scale reversal. Finally, it explains the relationship between focusing and sentence accent.

Continuity and Variation in Germanic and Romance

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Discourse Pragmatics ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
People Today

This volume offers a range of synchronic and diachronic case studies in comparative Germanic and Romance morphosyntax. These two language families, spoken by over a billion people today, have been of central importance throughout the development linguistics, yet many significant questions about the relationship between the two families remain. Following an introduction that sets out the methodological, empirical, and theoretical background to the book, the volume is divided into three parts which deal with the morphosyntax of subjects and the inflectional layer inversion, discourse pragmatics, and the left periphery, and continuity and variation beyond the clause. The approaches used by the authors of individual chapters are diverse, making use of the latest digitized corpora and presenting a mixture of well-known and understudied data from standard and non-standard Germanic and Romance languages. Many of the chapters challenge received wisdom about the relationship between these two important language families. This volume will be an indispensable tool to researchers and students in Germanic and Romance linguistics, historical linguistics, grammatical theory, and language relationships.

Scientific Myth

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-69
Author(s):  
Hannah K. Scheidt
Keyword(s):  
Science And Religion ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Popular Television ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Site

This chapter explores the relationship among science, religion, and atheism through analyses of popular television shows and their reception by atheist viewers. This chapter analyzes two dramas, House, M.D., and Bones, and one docuseries, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. It argues that television is an important site for contemporary cultural work and that the television narratives contained in these three shows constitute a “mythology of science” that is of central importance in contemporary atheist culture. The chapter identifies three tropes found in the shows: the hero scientist, the use of science to answer “religious questions,” and the myth of conflict (between science and religion).

Continuous Tonic Spike Activity in Spider Warm Cells in the Absence of Sensory Input

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gingl ◽  
H. Tichy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship

The warm cells of the spider tarsal organ respond very sensitively to low-amplitude changes in temperature and discharge continuously as the rate of change in temperature reaches zero. To test whether the continuous tonic discharge remains without sensory input, we blocked the warm cell's receptive region by Epoxy glue. The activity continued in this situation, but its dependence on temperature changes was strongly reduced. We interpret this to mean that the warm cells exhibit specific intrinsic properties that underlie the generation of the tonic discharge. Experiments with electrical stimulation confirmed the observation that the warm cells persist in activity without an external drive. In warm cells with blocked receptive region, the response curves describing the relationship between the tonic discharge and the level of depolarization is the same for different temperatures. In warm cells with intact receptive region, the curves are shifted upward with rising temperature, as if the injected current is simply added to the receptor current. This indicates a modulating effect of the receptor current on the tonic discharge. Stimulation causes a change in the tonic discharge rate and thereby enables individual warm cells to signal the direction in addition to the magnitude of temperature changes.

Strain Evaluation and Fracture Properties of Hetero-Epitaxial Single Crystal 3C-SiC Squared Membrane

2014 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Ruggero Anzalone ◽  
Giuseppe D'Arrigo ◽  
Massimo Camarda ◽  
Nicolo’ Piluso ◽  
Francesco La Via
Keyword(s):  
Large Deflection ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Bulge Test ◽  
Phonon Modes ◽  
Breaking Strain ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Raman Analysis ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The following paper explores the development the bulge test technique combined with the micro-Raman analysis and a refined load-deflection model for high quality 3C-SiC squared-membranes. By the minimization of the total elastic energy, starting from the isotropic relation between the stress tensor and the strain tensor, it is possible to calculate the relationship between the maximum deflection and the applied pressure, in both regime of small and large deflection. From the measured breaking pressure through the refined model it is possible to evaluate the breaking strain of the membrane. Furthermore, the relationship between the measured shift of Raman Transverse Optical (TO) phonon modes and the total residual strain (Δa/a) within the epitaxial 3C-SiC layer was found.

scholarly journals Obesity = inflammation. Pathogenesis. How does this threaten men?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Pavlova ◽  
I. I. Golodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Today, adipose tissue has ceased to be perceived only as an energetic substance with its intrinsic properties in the form of thermoregulation and mechanical protection, known since the beginning of the twentieth century. Today, adipose tissue is a fullfledged endocrine organ that is distributed throughout the body — the usefulness of its work directly affects the energy balance, not only through involvement in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, but also by the production of many adipokines, a total of more than 600 known today. This review research the causal relationship of subclinical or systemic inflammation of adipose tissue with an excess of energy resources, insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, estrogen metabolites and one of the most pro-inflammatory cytokines - interleukin 6. Attention is also paid to the relationship between prostate cancer and obesity, as an ambiguous relationship due to the maximum paying attention to testosterone. Further study of adipose tissue will make it possible to establish specific pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of not only disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, but also a number of other systems in view of the not fully understood systemic action of adipokines and associated inflammatory mediators in obese individuals. Systematic literature search was perform in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and elibrary databases.

Personal and professional values grading among midwifery students

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müesser Özcan ◽  
Aslıhan Akpınar ◽  
Ayla B Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Terminal Values ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
Ethics Courses ◽  
Value Ranking ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the professional and personal values among midwifery students in Turkey and to identify whether the years of study affected these values. A total of 192 participants were asked to prioritize 16 professional and 36 personal values. The relationship between the year of study and value ranking was analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test. The first three of the professional values were justice, equality, and human dignity. Equality ranked sixth among the personal terminal values, and it increased with the years of study. Of personal instrumental values, responsibility and cleanliness ranked second and fifth, which are of central importance for the profession of midwifery. However, the other two important values, privacy and preventing unnecessary suffering, ranked lower when the years of study increased, in other words when the students confront clinics. Since these values are important for midwifery, ethics courses should be given throughout the midwifery education to prepare students for the challenges they face in the clinical environment.

A Set of Split-Matrix Ordered Walsh Functions

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
K. F. Wan ◽  
P. C. Ching ◽  
C. K. Li
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Walsh Functions ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Matrix Ordering ◽  
Conversion Rules ◽  
Walsh Transformation

A new set of Walsh functions is defined in terms of the split-matrix ordering. The intrinsic properties of the functions are analyzed. The relationship and the associated conversion rules between the newly defined functions and other typical Walsh functions are discussed. It is shown that the proposed Walsh functions provide a straighforward and efficient algorithm for fast Discrete Walsh Transformation.

Order, Materiality, and Urban Space in the Early Modern Kingdom of Sweden

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Relationship

Our corporeality and immersion in the material world make us inherently spatial beings, and the fact that we all share everyday experiences in the global physical environment means that community is also spatial by nature. This book explores the relationship between the seventeenth-century townspeople of Turku, Sweden, and their urban surroundings. Riitta Laitinen offers a novel account of civil and social order in this early modern town, highlighting the central importance of materiality and spatiality and breaking down the dichotomy of public versus private life that has dominated traditional studies of the time period.

scholarly journals Sixteen overlooked open clusters in the fourth Galactic quadrant

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. A95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Perren ◽  
E. E. Giorgi ◽  
A. Moitinho ◽  
G. Carraro ◽  
M. S. Pera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zero Point ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Solar Neighborhood ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Photometric Distance

Aims. This paper has two main objectives: (1) To determine the intrinsic properties of 16 faint and mostly unstudied open clusters in the poorly known sector of the Galaxy at 270° −300° to probe the Milky Way structure in future investigations. (2) To address previously reported systematics in Gaia DR2 parallaxes by comparing the cluster distances derived from photometry with those derived from parallaxes. Methods. Deep UBVI photometry of 16 open clusters was carried out. Observations were reduced and analyzed in an automatic way using the ASteCA package to obtain individual distances, reddening, masses, ages, and metallicities. Photometric distances were compared to those obtained from a Bayesian analysis of Gaia DR2 parallaxes. Results. Ten out of the sixteen clusters are true or highly probable open clusters. Two of them are quite young and follow the trace of the Carina Arm and the already detected warp. The remaining clusters are placed in the interarm zone between the Perseus and Carina Arms, as expected for older objects. We found that the cluster van den Berg-Hagen 85 is 7.5 × 109 yr old, which means that it is one of the oldest open clusters detected in our Galaxy so far. The relationship of these ten clusters with the Galaxy structure in the solar neighborhood is discussed. The comparison of distances from photometry and parallaxes data in turn reveals a variable level of disagreement. Conclusions. Various zero-point corrections for Gaia DR2 parallax data recently reported were considered for a comparison between photometry- and parallax-based distances. The results tend to improve with some of these corrections. Photometric distance analysis suggests an average correction of ∼+0.026 mas (to be added to the parallaxes). The correction may have a more intricate dependence on distance, but addressing this level of detail will require a larger cluster sample.

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