Composition Determination of Microcrystalline Two-Phase Silicon Rich Oxides

1989 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Bouldin ◽  
C.H. Lam ◽  
K. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ellipsometric Measurement ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Back Scattering

AbstractHRTEM measurements of silicon rich oxides (SRO) show silicon microcrystals in an oxide matrix [1]. Simple, reliable characterization of this two phase material has been a problem. Ellipsometric measurement of the refractive index is a convenient method for characterizing SRO films. Film composition can be related to the refractive index by Bruggeman's effective medium approximation. In this paper we demonstrate correlation of film compositions obtained by this technique with those obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)and Rutherford back scattering (RBS). We further demonstrate regimes of LPCVD growth where simple correlation of film composition with [N2 0]/[SiH4] gas ratios is not reliable.

Preparation and Characterization of Zn-Se Bilayer Structure

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
J.S. Arora ◽  
Kamlendra Awasthi ◽  
R. Nathawat ◽  
Y.K. Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Bilayer Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Evaporation Method ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Back Scattering

The Zn-Se bilayer structure prepared using thermal evaporation method at pressure 10-5 Torr. These films annealed in the vacuum for two hours on different constant temperatures. The optical band gap was found to be varying with annealing temperature due to removal of defects and increase in grain size. It was also observed by the X-ray diffraction pattern the grain size of the film increase with annealing temperature. The lattice constant of hexagonal structure of these films is found to be a =b=4.42Å and c=5.68Å. The dominant peaks to be at 23.2°,28° and 43.9° having values (100), (002) and (111) respectively. The Rutherford back scattering data of these films confirmed the mixing of elements with time.

scholarly journals DILUTE PHASE VERTICAL PNEUMATIC CONVEYING OF CORK STOPPERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
R. Barbosa ◽  
C. Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Pneumatic Conveying ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
State Region ◽  
Single Pipe ◽  
Cork Stoppers

The pneumatic conveying of cork stoppers is used in the cork processingindustries with equipments designed and built purely on an empirical basis.Experimental studies to characterize this type of pneumatic transportationhave been, so far, oriented towards the study of horizontal conveying processes, either for steady state transportation or for the acceleration zone.However studies were carried out on the determination of the pressure dropon vertical transportation of cork stoppers. Here the experimental apparatusand procedure are described, and the first experimental data that have beenobtained are shown. In consequence a simple correlation for the pressure drop in the steady state region of the conveying pipe is proposed. Thecorrelation is a function of dimensionless parameters used to characterizethe two phase flow under analysis. Three standard stoppers sizes and a single pipe diameter were used in the experiments, all carried out at ambient temperature.

Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Abdurrohman ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

Characterization of Photo-Cvd Silicon Oxide

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Padmanabhan ◽  
B. J. Miller ◽  
N. C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Photochemical Vapor Deposition

ABSTRACTA photochemical vapor deposition technique was used to deposit silicon oxide films. A range of film properties was produced through changes in the process conditions. Refractive index, indicative of film composition, varied from 1.5 to 2.0, corresponding to oxygen rich and silicon rich conditions, respectively. Etch rate in buffered HF was a strong function of the refractive index, with higher index of refraction yielding lower rates. Film stress was tensile and the magnitude of the stress was again related to the index of refraction. Other properties that were evaluated included pinhole density and adhesion to Si. All the properties were directly relatable to the basic film composition.X-ray photo electron and Auger electron spectroscopy were used to characterize the composition of these films. The Si 2p photoelectron and the Si KLL Auger electron spectra were broad for higher refractive index films and upon deconvolution indicated the presence of different silicon containing species, the natures of which depended upon the actual index of refraction. For stoichiometric films, the predominant constituent was SiO2 and for non-stoichiometric films, varying amounts of Si2O, SiO, Si2O3 and SiO2 were all present.

Single Source Precursors for the Growth of Metal-Chalcogenide Thin Films

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Seligson ◽  
Philip J. Bonasia ◽  
John Arnold ◽  
Kin-Man Yu ◽  
Jim M. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Single Source ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
Single Source Precursors ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Related Compounds

ABSTRACTWe have recently reported the growth of ZnTe and CdTe thin films from the novel volatile single-source precursors Zn(sitel)2 and Cd(sitel)2 [sitel = TeSi(TeSi(siMe3)3]. In an effort to understand the role played by the bulky substituents, we have prepared a number of related compounds and have investigated their potential for the growth of II-VI materials. We now describe the synthesis and characterization of M[EX(SiMe3)3]2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg for E = Te, X = C; M = Zn for E = Se, X = C, Si) and their use as precursors molecules for the growth of ZnSe, ZnTe, CdTe and HgTe. The thin films were characterized by Rutherford Back scattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray diffraction. Pyrolysis reaction conditions for the alkyl and silyl chalcogenolates are also compared.

scholarly journals Fast Cross-Linking-Characterization of Waveguide-Polymers on Wafers by Imaging Low-Coherence Interferometry

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Christopher Taudt ◽  
Bryan Nelsen ◽  
Sandra Schlögl ◽  
Edmund Koch ◽  
Peter Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Low Coherence Interferometry ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Phase Data

This work introduces a novel method to characterize cross-linking differences in spincast polymers for waveguide applications. The method is based on a low-coherence interferometer which utilizes an imaging spectrometer to gather spatially resolved data along a line without the need for scanning. The cross-linking characterization is performed by the determination of the wavelength-dependent optical thickness. In order to do this, an algorithm to analyze the wrapped phase data and extract refractive index information is developed. Finally, the approach is tested on photo-lithographically produced samples with lateral refractive index differences in pitches of 50 μm.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) Essential Oil. Determination of Volatiles, Non-Volatiles, Physico-Chemical Indices and Enantiomeric Ratios

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Bonaccorsi ◽  
Paola Dugo ◽  
Alessandra Trozzi ◽  
Antonella Cotroneo ◽  
Giovanni Dugo
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Citrus Deliciosa

An investigation of 27 samples of mandarin essential oils (Citrus deliciosa Tenore), industrially produced in Sicily during the 2007-2008 season, was performed to determine the composition of the volatile fraction by GC/FID and GC/MS-LRI, the enantiomeric distribution of some monoterpene hydrocarbons and linalol by Es-GC, the non-volatile oxygen heterocyclic components by RP-HPLC/PDA and the physicochemical indices (relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, residue on evaporation, and UV spectroscopic CD value). This study up-dates the information available in the literature on Sicilian mandarin (C. deliciosa Ten.) essential oils, and provides information on the composition and quality parameters for the evaluation of this product.

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

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